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  Independence (2007)Independence (2008)
Afghanistan Afghanistan 19 August 1919 (from UK control over Afghan foreign affairs) 19 August 1919 (from UK control over Afghan foreign affairs)
Albania Albania 28 November 1912 (from the Ottoman Empire) 28 November 1912 (from the Ottoman Empire)
Algeria Algeria 5 July 1962 (from France) 5 July 1962 (from France)
American Samoa American Samoa none (territory of the US) none (territory of the US)
Andorra Andorra 1278 (formed under the joint suzerainty of the French Count of Foix and the Spanish Bishop of Urgel) 1278 (formed under the joint suzerainty of the French Count of Foix and the Spanish Bishop of Urgel)
Angola Angola 11 November 1975 (from Portugal) 11 November 1975 (from Portugal)
Anguilla Anguilla none (overseas territory of the UK) none (overseas territory of the UK)
Antigua and Barbuda Antigua and Barbuda 1 November 1981 (from UK) 1 November 1981 (from UK)
Argentina Argentina 9 July 1816 (from Spain) 9 July 1816 (from Spain)
Armenia Armenia 21 September 1991 (from Soviet Union) 21 September 1991 (from Soviet Union)
Aruba Aruba none (part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands) none (part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)
Australia Australia 1 January 1901 (federation of UK colonies) 1 January 1901 (federation of UK colonies)
Austria Austria 976 (Margravate of Austria established); 17 September 1156 (Duchy of Austria founded); 11 August 1804 (Austrian Empire proclaimed); 12 November 1918 (republic proclaimed) 976 (Margravate of Austria established); 17 September 1156 (Duchy of Austria founded); 11 August 1804 (Austrian Empire proclaimed); 12 November 1918 (republic proclaimed)
Azerbaijan Azerbaijan 30 August 1991 (from Soviet Union) 30 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)
Bahamas, The Bahamas, The 10 July 1973 (from UK) 10 July 1973 (from UK)
Bahrain Bahrain 15 August 1971 (from UK) 15 August 1971 (from UK)
Bangladesh Bangladesh 16 December 1971 (from West Pakistan); note - 26 March 1971 is the date of independence from West Pakistan, 16 December 1971 is known as Victory Day and commemorates the official creation of the state of Bangladesh 16 December 1971 (from West Pakistan); note - 26 March 1971 is the date of independence from West Pakistan, 16 December 1971 is known as Victory Day and commemorates the official creation of the state of Bangladesh
Barbados Barbados 30 November 1966 (from UK) 30 November 1966 (from UK)
Belarus Belarus 25 August 1991 (from Soviet Union) 25 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)
Belgium Belgium 4 October 1830 (a provisional government declared independence from the Netherlands); 21 July 1831 (King LEOPOLD I ascended to the throne) 4 October 1830 (a provisional government declared independence from the Netherlands); 21 July 1831 (King LEOPOLD I ascended to the throne)
Belize Belize 21 September 1981 (from UK) 21 September 1981 (from UK)
Benin Benin 1 August 1960 (from France) 1 August 1960 (from France)
Bermuda Bermuda none (overseas territory of the UK) none (overseas territory of the UK)
Bhutan Bhutan 8 August 1949 (from India) 1907 (became a unified kingdom under its first hereditary king)
Bolivia Bolivia 6 August 1825 (from Spain) 6 August 1825 (from Spain)
Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina 1 March 1992 (from Yugoslavia; referendum for independence completed 1 March 1992; independence declared 3 March 1992) 1 March 1992 (from Yugoslavia; referendum for independence completed 1 March 1992; independence declared 3 March 1992)
Botswana Botswana 30 September 1966 (from UK) 30 September 1966 (from UK)
Brazil Brazil 7 September 1822 (from Portugal) 7 September 1822 (from Portugal)
British Virgin Islands British Virgin Islands none (overseas territory of the UK) none (overseas territory of the UK)
Brunei Brunei 1 January 1984 (from UK) 1 January 1984 (from UK)
Bulgaria Bulgaria 3 March 1878 (as an autonomous principality within the Ottoman Empire); 22 September 1908 (complete independence from the Ottoman Empire) 3 March 1878 (as an autonomous principality within the Ottoman Empire); 22 September 1908 (complete independence from the Ottoman Empire)
Burkina Faso Burkina Faso 5 August 1960 (from France) 5 August 1960 (from France)
Burma Burma 4 January 1948 (from UK) 4 January 1948 (from UK)
Burundi Burundi 1 July 1962 (from UN trusteeship under Belgian administration) 1 July 1962 (from UN trusteeship under Belgian administration)
Cambodia Cambodia 9 November 1953 (from France) 9 November 1953 (from France)
Cameroon Cameroon 1 January 1960 (from French-administered UN trusteeship) 1 January 1960 (from French-administered UN trusteeship)
Canada Canada 1 July 1867 (union of British North American colonies); 11 December 1931 (recognized by UK) 1 July 1867 (union of British North American colonies); 11 December 1931 (recognized by UK)
Cape Verde Cape Verde 5 July 1975 (from Portugal) 5 July 1975 (from Portugal)
Cayman Islands Cayman Islands none (overseas territory of the UK) none (overseas territory of the UK)
Central African Republic Central African Republic 13 August 1960 (from France) 13 August 1960 (from France)
Chad Chad 11 August 1960 (from France) 11 August 1960 (from France)
Chile Chile 18 September 1810 (from Spain) 18 September 1810 (from Spain)
China China 221 BC (unification under the Qin or Ch'in Dynasty); 1 January 1912 (Manchu Dynasty replaced by a Republic); 1 October 1949 (People's Republic established) 221 BC (unification under the Qin or Ch'in Dynasty); 1 January 1912 (Manchu Dynasty replaced by a Republic); 1 October 1949 (People's Republic established)
Christmas Island Christmas Island none (territory of Australia) none (territory of Australia)
Cocos (Keeling) Islands Cocos (Keeling) Islands none (territory of Australia) none (territory of Australia)
Colombia Colombia 20 July 1810 (from Spain) 20 July 1810 (from Spain)
Comoros Comoros 6 July 1975 (from France) 6 July 1975 (from France)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the 30 June 1960 (from Belgium) 30 June 1960 (from Belgium)
Congo, Republic of the Congo, Republic of the 15 August 1960 (from France) 15 August 1960 (from France)
Cook Islands Cook Islands none (became self-governing in free association with New Zealand on 4 August 1965 and has the right at any time to move to full independence by unilateral action) none (became self-governing in free association with New Zealand on 4 August 1965 and has the right at any time to move to full independence by unilateral action)
Costa Rica Costa Rica 15 September 1821 (from Spain) 15 September 1821 (from Spain)
Cote d'Ivoire Cote d'Ivoire 7 August 1960 (from France) 7 August 1960 (from France)
Croatia Croatia 25 June 1991 (from Yugoslavia) 25 June 1991 (from Yugoslavia)
Cuba Cuba 20 May 1902 (from Spain 10 December 1898; administered by the US from 1898 to 1902); not acknowledged by the Cuban Government as a day of independence 20 May 1902 (from Spain 10 December 1898; administered by the US from 1898 to 1902); not acknowledged by the Cuban Government as a day of independence
Cyprus Cyprus 16 August 1960 (from UK); note - Turkish Cypriots proclaimed self-rule on 13 February 1975 and independence in 1983, but these proclamations are only recognized by Turkey 16 August 1960 (from UK); note - Turkish Cypriots proclaimed self-rule on 13 February 1975 and independence in 1983, but these proclamations are only recognized by Turkey
Czech Republic Czech Republic 1 January 1993 (Czechoslovakia split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia) 1 January 1993 (Czechoslovakia split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia)
Denmark Denmark first organized as a unified state in 10th century; in 1849 became a constitutional monarchy first organized as a unified state in 10th century; in 1849 became a constitutional monarchy
Djibouti Djibouti 27 June 1977 (from France) 27 June 1977 (from France)
Dominica Dominica 3 November 1978 (from UK) 3 November 1978 (from UK)
Dominican Republic Dominican Republic 27 February 1844 (from Haiti) 27 February 1844 (from Haiti)
Ecuador Ecuador 24 May 1822 (from Spain) 24 May 1822 (from Spain)
Egypt Egypt 28 February 1922 (from UK) 28 February 1922 (from UK)
El Salvador El Salvador 15 September 1821 (from Spain) 15 September 1821 (from Spain)
Equatorial Guinea Equatorial Guinea 12 October 1968 (from Spain) 12 October 1968 (from Spain)
Eritrea Eritrea 24 May 1993 (from Ethiopia) 24 May 1993 (from Ethiopia)
Estonia Estonia 20 August 1991 (from Soviet Union) 20 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)
Ethiopia Ethiopia oldest independent country in Africa and one of the oldest in the world - at least 2,000 years oldest independent country in Africa and one of the oldest in the world - at least 2,000 years
European Union European Union 7 February 1992 (Maastricht Treaty signed establishing the EU); 1 November 1993 (Maastricht Treaty entered into force) 7 February 1992 (Maastricht Treaty signed establishing the EU); 1 November 1993 (Maastricht Treaty entered into force)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina) none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina)
Faroe Islands Faroe Islands none (part of the Kingdom of Denmark; self-governing overseas administrative division of Denmark) none (part of the Kingdom of Denmark; self-governing overseas administrative division of Denmark)
Fiji Fiji 10 October 1970 (from UK) 10 October 1970 (from UK)
Finland Finland 6 December 1917 (from Russia) 6 December 1917 (from Russia)
France France 486 (Frankish tribes unified); 843 (Western Francia established from the division of the Carolingian Empire) 486 (Frankish tribes unified); 843 (Western Francia established from the division of the Carolingian Empire)
French Polynesia French Polynesia none (overseas lands of France) none (overseas lands of France)
Gabon Gabon 17 August 1960 (from France) 17 August 1960 (from France)
Gambia, The Gambia, The 18 February 1965 (from UK) 18 February 1965 (from UK)
Georgia Georgia 9 April 1991 (from Soviet Union) 9 April 1991 (from Soviet Union)
Germany Germany 18 January 1871 (German Empire unification); divided into four zones of occupation (UK, US, USSR, and later, France) in 1945 following World War II; Federal Republic of Germany (FRG or West Germany) proclaimed 23 May 1949 and included the former UK, US, and French zones; German Democratic Republic (GDR or East Germany) proclaimed 7 October 1949 and included the former USSR zone; unification of West Germany and East Germany took place 3 October 1990; all four powers formally relinquished rights 15 March 1991 18 January 1871 (German Empire unification); divided into four zones of occupation (UK, US, USSR, and later, France) in 1945 following World War II; Federal Republic of Germany (FRG or West Germany) proclaimed 23 May 1949 and included the former UK, US, and French zones; German Democratic Republic (GDR or East Germany) proclaimed 7 October 1949 and included the former USSR zone; unification of West Germany and East Germany took place 3 October 1990; all four powers formally relinquished rights 15 March 1991
Ghana Ghana 6 March 1957 (from UK) 6 March 1957 (from UK)
Gibraltar Gibraltar none (overseas territory of the UK) none (overseas territory of the UK)
Greece Greece 1829 (from the Ottoman Empire) 1829 (from the Ottoman Empire)
Greenland Greenland none (extensive self-rule as part of the Kingdom of Denmark; foreign affairs is the responsibility of Denmark, but Greenland actively participates in international agreements relating to Greenland) none (extensive self-rule as part of the Kingdom of Denmark; foreign affairs is the responsibility of Denmark, but Greenland actively participates in international agreements relating to Greenland)
Grenada Grenada 7 February 1974 (from UK) 7 February 1974 (from UK)
Guam Guam none (territory of the US) none (territory of the US)
Guatemala Guatemala 15 September 1821 (from Spain) 15 September 1821 (from Spain)
Guernsey Guernsey none (British crown dependency) none (British crown dependency)
Guinea Guinea 2 October 1958 (from France) 2 October 1958 (from France)
Guinea-Bissau Guinea-Bissau 24 September 1973 (declared); 10 September 1974 (recognized by Portugal) 24 September 1973 (declared); 10 September 1974 (recognized by Portugal)
Guyana Guyana 26 May 1966 (from UK) 26 May 1966 (from UK)
Haiti Haiti 1 January 1804 (from France) 1 January 1804 (from France)
Holy See (Vatican City) Holy See (Vatican City) 11 February 1929 (from Italy); note - the three treaties signed with Italy on 11 February 1929 acknowledged, among other things, the full sovereignty of the Vatican and established its territorial extent; however, the origin of the Papal States, which over the years have varied considerably in extent, may be traced back to the 8th century 11 February 1929 (from Italy); note - the three treaties signed with Italy on 11 February 1929 acknowledged, among other things, the full sovereignty of the Vatican and established its territorial extent; however, the origin of the Papal States, which over the years have varied considerably in extent, may be traced back to the 8th century
Honduras Honduras 15 September 1821 (from Spain) 15 September 1821 (from Spain)
Hong Kong Hong Kong none (special administrative region of China) none (special administrative region of China)
Hungary Hungary 1001 (unification by King STEPHEN I) 25 December 1000 (crowning of King STEPHEN I, traditional founding date)
Iceland Iceland 1 December 1918 (became a sovereign state under the Danish Crown); 17 June 1944 (from Denmark) 1 December 1918 (became a sovereign state under the Danish Crown); 17 June 1944 (from Denmark)
India India 15 August 1947 (from UK) 15 August 1947 (from UK)
Indonesia Indonesia 17 August 1945 (declared)


note: recognized by the Netherlands on 27 December 1949; in August 2005, the Netherlands announced it recognized de facto Indonesian independence on 17 August 1945
17 August 1945 (declared)


note: recognized by the Netherlands on 27 December 1949; in August 2005, the Netherlands announced it recognized de facto Indonesian independence on 17 August 1945
Iran Iran 1 April 1979 (Islamic Republic of Iran proclaimed) 1 April 1979 (Islamic Republic of Iran proclaimed)
Iraq Iraq 3 October 1932 (from League of Nations mandate under British administration); note - on 28 June 2004 the Coalition Provisional Authority transferred sovereignty to the Iraqi Interim Government 3 October 1932 (from League of Nations mandate under British administration); note - on 28 June 2004 the Coalition Provisional Authority transferred sovereignty to the Iraqi-controlled Government
Ireland Ireland 6 December 1921 (from UK by treaty) 6 December 1921 (from UK by treaty)
Isle of Man Isle of Man none (British crown dependency) none (British crown dependency)
Israel Israel 14 May 1948 (from League of Nations mandate under British administration) 14 May 1948 (from League of Nations mandate under British administration)
Italy Italy 17 March 1861 (Kingdom of Italy proclaimed; Italy was not finally unified until 1870) 17 March 1861 (Kingdom of Italy proclaimed; Italy was not finally unified until 1870)
Jamaica Jamaica 6 August 1962 (from UK) 6 August 1962 (from UK)
Japan Japan 660 B.C. (traditional founding by Emperor JIMMU) 660 B.C. (traditional founding by Emperor JIMMU)
Jersey Jersey none (British crown dependency) none (British crown dependency)
Jordan Jordan 25 May 1946 (from League of Nations mandate under British administration) 25 May 1946 (from League of Nations mandate under British administration)
Kazakhstan Kazakhstan 16 December 1991 (from the Soviet Union) 16 December 1991 (from the Soviet Union)
Kenya Kenya 12 December 1963 (from UK) 12 December 1963 (from UK)
Kiribati Kiribati 12 July 1979 (from UK) 12 July 1979 (from UK)
Korea, North Korea, North 15 August 1945 (from Japan) 15 August 1945 (from Japan)
Korea, South Korea, South 15 August 1945 (from Japan) 15 August 1945 (from Japan)
Kuwait Kuwait 19 June 1961 (from UK) 19 June 1961 (from UK)
Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyzstan 31 August 1991 (from Soviet Union) 31 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)
Laos Laos 19 July 1949 (from France) 19 July 1949 (from France)
Latvia Latvia 18 November 1918 (from Soviet Russia) 18 November 1918 (from Soviet Russia)
Lebanon Lebanon 22 November 1943 (from League of Nations mandate under French administration) 22 November 1943 (from League of Nations mandate under French administration)
Lesotho Lesotho 4 October 1966 (from UK) 4 October 1966 (from UK)
Liberia Liberia 26 July 1847 26 July 1847
Libya Libya 24 December 1951 (from UN trusteeship) 24 December 1951 (from UN trusteeship)
Liechtenstein Liechtenstein 23 January 1719 (Principality of Liechtenstein established); 12 July 1806 (independence from the Holy Roman Empire) 23 January 1719 (Principality of Liechtenstein established); 12 July 1806 (independence from the Holy Roman Empire)
Lithuania Lithuania 11 March 1990 (declared); 6 September 1991 (recognized by Soviet Union) 11 March 1990 (declared); 6 September 1991 (recognized by Soviet Union)
Luxembourg Luxembourg 1839 (from the Netherlands) 1839 (from the Netherlands)
Macau Macau none (special administrative region of China) none (special administrative region of China)
Macedonia Macedonia 8 September 1991 (referendum by registered voters endorsed independence from Yugoslavia) 8 September 1991 (referendum by registered voters endorsed independence from Yugoslavia)
Madagascar Madagascar 26 June 1960 (from France) 26 June 1960 (from France)
Malawi Malawi 6 July 1964 (from UK) 6 July 1964 (from UK)
Malaysia Malaysia 31 August 1957 (from UK) 31 August 1957 (from UK)
Maldives Maldives 26 July 1965 (from UK) 26 July 1965 (from UK)
Mali Mali 22 September 1960 (from France) 22 September 1960 (from France)
Malta Malta 21 September 1964 (from UK) 21 September 1964 (from UK)
Marshall Islands Marshall Islands 21 October 1986 (from the US-administered UN trusteeship) 21 October 1986 (from the US-administered UN trusteeship)
Mauritania Mauritania 28 November 1960 (from France) 28 November 1960 (from France)
Mauritius Mauritius 12 March 1968 (from UK) 12 March 1968 (from UK)
Mayotte Mayotte none (territorial overseas collectivity of France) none (territorial overseas collectivity of France)
Mexico Mexico 16 September 1810 (declared); 27 September 1821 (recognized by Spain) 16 September 1810 (declared); 27 September 1821 (recognized by Spain)
Micronesia, Federated States of Micronesia, Federated States of 3 November 1986 (from the US-administered UN trusteeship) 3 November 1986 (from the US-administered UN trusteeship)
Moldova Moldova 27 August 1991 (from Soviet Union) 27 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)
Monaco Monaco 1419 (beginning of rule by the House of Grimaldi) 1419 (beginning of rule by the House of Grimaldi)
Mongolia Mongolia 11 July 1921 (from China) 11 July 1921 (from China)
Montenegro Montenegro 3 June 2006 (from Serbia and Montenegro) 3 June 2006 (from Serbia and Montenegro)
Montserrat Montserrat none (overseas territory of the UK) none (overseas territory of the UK)
Morocco Morocco 2 March 1956 (from France) 2 March 1956 (from France)
Mozambique Mozambique 25 June 1975 (from Portugal) 25 June 1975 (from Portugal)
Namibia Namibia 21 March 1990 (from South African mandate) 21 March 1990 (from South African mandate)
Nauru Nauru 31 January 1968 (from the Australia-, NZ-, and UK-administered UN trusteeship) 31 January 1968 (from the Australia-, NZ-, and UK-administered UN trusteeship)
Nepal Nepal 1768 (unified by Prithvi Narayan SHAH) 1768 (unified by Prithvi Narayan SHAH)
Netherlands Netherlands 23 January 1579 (the northern provinces of the Low Countries conclude the Union of Utrecht breaking with Spain; on 26 July 1581 they formally declared their independence with an Act of Abjuration; however, it was not until 30 January 1648 and the Peace of Westphalia that Spain recognized this independence) 23 January 1579 (the northern provinces of the Low Countries conclude the Union of Utrecht breaking with Spain; on 26 July 1581 they formally declared their independence with an Act of Abjuration; however, it was not until 30 January 1648 and the Peace of Westphalia that Spain recognized this independence)
Netherlands Antilles Netherlands Antilles none (part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands) none (part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)
New Caledonia New Caledonia none (overseas territory of France); note - a referendum on independence was held in 1998 but did not pass; a new referendum is scheduled for 2014 none (overseas territory of France); note - a referendum on independence was held in 1998 but did not pass; a new referendum is scheduled for 2014
New Zealand New Zealand 26 September 1907 (from UK) 26 September 1907 (from UK)
Nicaragua Nicaragua 15 September 1821 (from Spain) 15 September 1821 (from Spain)
Niger Niger 3 August 1960 (from France) 3 August 1960 (from France)
Nigeria Nigeria 1 October 1960 (from UK) 1 October 1960 (from UK)
Niue Niue on 19 October 1974, Niue became a self-governing parliamentary government in free association with New Zealand on 19 October 1974, Niue became a self-governing parliamentary government in free association with New Zealand
Norfolk Island Norfolk Island none (territory of Australia) none (territory of Australia)
Northern Mariana Islands Northern Mariana Islands none (commonwealth in political union with the US) none (commonwealth in political union with the US)
Norway Norway 7 June 1905 (Norway declared the union with Sweden dissolved); 26 October 1905 (Sweden agreed to the repeal of the union) 7 June 1905 (Norway declared the union with Sweden dissolved); 26 October 1905 (Sweden agreed to the repeal of the union)
Oman Oman 1650 (expulsion of the Portuguese) 1650 (expulsion of the Portuguese)
Pakistan Pakistan 14 August 1947 (from UK) 14 August 1947 (from British India)
Palau Palau 1 October 1994 (from the US-administered UN trusteeship) 1 October 1994 (from the US-administered UN trusteeship)
Panama Panama 3 November 1903 (from Colombia; became independent from Spain 28 November 1821) 3 November 1903 (from Colombia; became independent from Spain 28 November 1821)
Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea 16 September 1975 (from the Australian-administered UN trusteeship) 16 September 1975 (from the Australian-administered UN trusteeship)
Paraguay Paraguay 14 May 1811 (from Spain) 14 May 1811 (from Spain)
Peru Peru 28 July 1821 (from Spain) 28 July 1821 (from Spain)
Philippines Philippines 12 June 1898 (independence proclaimed from Spain); 4 July 1946 (from the US) 12 June 1898 (independence proclaimed from Spain); 4 July 1946 (from the US)
Pitcairn Islands Pitcairn Islands none (overseas territory of the UK) none (overseas territory of the UK)
Poland Poland 11 November 1918 (republic proclaimed) 11 November 1918 (republic proclaimed)
Portugal Portugal 1143 (Kingdom of Portugal recognized); 5 October 1910 (republic proclaimed) 1143 (Kingdom of Portugal recognized); 5 October 1910 (republic proclaimed)
Puerto Rico Puerto Rico none (territory of the US with commonwealth status) none (territory of the US with commonwealth status)
Qatar Qatar 3 September 1971 (from UK) 3 September 1971 (from UK)
Romania Romania 9 May 1877 (independence proclaimed from the Ottoman Empire; independence recognized 13 July 1878 by the Treaty of Berlin); 26 March 1881 (kingdom proclaimed); 30 December 1947 (republic proclaimed) 9 May 1877 (independence proclaimed from the Ottoman Empire; independence recognized 13 July 1878 by the Treaty of Berlin); 26 March 1881 (kingdom proclaimed); 30 December 1947 (republic proclaimed)
Russia Russia 24 August 1991 (from Soviet Union) 24 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)
Rwanda Rwanda 1 July 1962 (from Belgium-administered UN trusteeship) 1 July 1962 (from Belgium-administered UN trusteeship)
Saint Barthelemy Saint Barthelemy none (overseas collectivity of France) none (overseas collectivity of France)
Saint Helena Saint Helena none (overseas territory of the UK) none (overseas territory of the UK)
Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Kitts and Nevis 19 September 1983 (from UK) 19 September 1983 (from UK)
Saint Lucia Saint Lucia 22 February 1979 (from UK) 22 February 1979 (from UK)
Saint Martin Saint Martin none (overseas collectivity of France) none (overseas collectivity of France)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon Saint Pierre and Miquelon none (territorial collectivity of France; has been under French control since 1763) none (territorial collectivity of France; has been under French control since 1763)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 27 October 1979 (from UK) 27 October 1979 (from UK)
Samoa Samoa 1 January 1962 (from New Zealand-administered UN trusteeship) 1 January 1962 (from New Zealand-administered UN trusteeship)
San Marino San Marino 3 September AD 301 3 September AD 301
Sao Tome and Principe Sao Tome and Principe 12 July 1975 (from Portugal) 12 July 1975 (from Portugal)
Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia 23 September 1932 (unification of the kingdom) 23 September 1932 (unification of the kingdom)
Senegal Senegal 4 April 1960 (from France); note - complete independence achieved upon dissolution of federation with Mali on 20 August 1960 4 April 1960 (from France); note - complete independence achieved upon dissolution of federation with Mali on 20 August 1960
Serbia Serbia 5 June 2006 (from Serbia and Montenegro) 5 June 2006 (from Serbia and Montenegro)
Seychelles Seychelles 29 June 1976 (from UK) 29 June 1976 (from UK)
Sierra Leone Sierra Leone 27 April 1961 (from UK) 27 April 1961 (from UK)
Singapore Singapore 9 August 1965 (from Malaysian Federation) 9 August 1965 (from Malaysian Federation)
Slovakia Slovakia 1 January 1993 (Czechoslovakia split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia) 1 January 1993 (Czechoslovakia split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia)
Slovenia Slovenia 25 June 1991 (from Yugoslavia) 25 June 1991 (from Yugoslavia)
Solomon Islands Solomon Islands 7 July 1978 (from UK) 7 July 1978 (from UK)
Somalia Somalia 1 July 1960 (from a merger of British Somaliland, which became independent from the UK on 26 June 1960, and Italian Somaliland, which became independent from the Italian-administered UN trusteeship on 1 July 1960, to form the Somali Republic) 1 July 1960 (from a merger of British Somaliland, which became independent from the UK on 26 June 1960, and Italian Somaliland, which became independent from the Italian-administered UN trusteeship on 1 July 1960, to form the Somali Republic)
South Africa South Africa 31 May 1910 (Union of South Africa formed from four British colonies: Cape Colony, Natal, Transvaal, and Orange Free State); 31 May 1961 (republic declared) 31 May 1910 (Union of South Africa formed from four British colonies: Cape Colony, Natal, Transvaal, and Orange Free State); 31 May 1961 (republic declared) 27 April 1994 (majority rule)
Spain Spain the Iberian peninsula was characterized by a variety of independent kingdoms prior to the Muslim occupation that began in the early 8th century A.D. and lasted nearly seven centuries; the small Christian redoubts of the north began the reconquest almost immediately, culminating in the seizure of Granada in 1492; this event completed the unification of several kingdoms and is traditionally considered the forging of present-day Spain the Iberian peninsula was characterized by a variety of independent kingdoms prior to the Muslim occupation that began in the early 8th century A.D. and lasted nearly seven centuries; the small Christian redoubts of the north began the reconquest almost immediately, culminating in the seizure of Granada in 1492; this event completed the unification of several kingdoms and is traditionally considered the forging of present-day Spain
Sri Lanka Sri Lanka 4 February 1948 (from UK) 4 February 1948 (from UK)
Sudan Sudan 1 January 1956 (from Egypt and UK) 1 January 1956 (from Egypt and UK)
Suriname Suriname 25 November 1975 (from the Netherlands) 25 November 1975 (from the Netherlands)
Svalbard Svalbard none (territory of Norway) none (territory of Norway)
Swaziland Swaziland 6 September 1968 (from UK) 6 September 1968 (from UK)
Sweden Sweden 6 June 1523 (Gustav VASA elected king) 6 June 1523 (Gustav VASA elected king)
Switzerland Switzerland 1 August 1291 (founding of the Swiss Confederation) 1 August 1291 (founding of the Swiss Confederation)
Syria Syria 17 April 1946 (from League of Nations mandate under French administration) 17 April 1946 (from League of Nations mandate under French administration)
Tajikistan Tajikistan 9 September 1991 (from Soviet Union) 9 September 1991 (from Soviet Union)
Tanzania Tanzania 26 April 1964; Tanganyika became independent 9 December 1961 (from UK-administered UN trusteeship); Zanzibar became independent 19 December 1963 (from UK); Tanganyika united with Zanzibar 26 April 1964 to form the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar; renamed United Republic of Tanzania 29 October 1964 26 April 1964; Tanganyika became independent 9 December 1961 (from UK-administered UN trusteeship); Zanzibar became independent 19 December 1963 (from UK); Tanganyika united with Zanzibar 26 April 1964 to form the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar; renamed United Republic of Tanzania 29 October 1964
Thailand Thailand 1238 (traditional founding date; never colonized) 1238 (traditional founding date; never colonized)
Timor-Leste Timor-Leste 28 November 1975 (independence proclaimed from Portugal); note - 20 May 2002 is the official date of international recognition of Timor-Leste's independence from Indonesia 28 November 1975 (independence proclaimed from Portugal); note - 20 May 2002 is the official date of international recognition of Timor-Leste's independence from Indonesia
Togo Togo 27 April 1960 (from French-administered UN trusteeship) 27 April 1960 (from French-administered UN trusteeship)
Tokelau Tokelau none (territory of New Zealand) none (territory of New Zealand)
Tonga Tonga 4 June 1970 (from UK protectorate) 4 June 1970 (from UK protectorate)
Trinidad and Tobago Trinidad and Tobago 31 August 1962 (from UK) 31 August 1962 (from UK)
Tunisia Tunisia 20 March 1956 (from France) 20 March 1956 (from France)
Turkey Turkey 29 October 1923 (successor state to the Ottoman Empire) 29 October 1923 (successor state to the Ottoman Empire)
Turkmenistan Turkmenistan 27 October 1991 (from the Soviet Union) 27 October 1991 (from the Soviet Union)
Turks and Caicos Islands Turks and Caicos Islands none (overseas territory of the UK) none (overseas territory of the UK)
Tuvalu Tuvalu 1 October 1978 (from UK) 1 October 1978 (from UK)
Uganda Uganda 9 October 1962 (from UK) 9 October 1962 (from UK)
Ukraine Ukraine 24 August 1991 (from the Soviet Union) 24 August 1991 (from the Soviet Union)
United Arab Emirates United Arab Emirates 2 December 1971 (from UK) 2 December 1971 (from UK)
United Kingdom United Kingdom England has existed as a unified entity since the 10th century; the union between England and Wales, begun in 1284 with the Statute of Rhuddlan, was not formalized until 1536 with an Act of Union; in another Act of Union in 1707, England and Scotland agreed to permanently join as Great Britain; the legislative union of Great Britain and Ireland was implemented in 1801, with the adoption of the name the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; the Anglo-Irish treaty of 1921 formalized a partition of Ireland; six northern Irish counties remained part of the United Kingdom as Northern Ireland and the current name of the country, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, was adopted in 1927 England has existed as a unified entity since the 10th century; the union between England and Wales, begun in 1284 with the Statute of Rhuddlan, was not formalized until 1536 with an Act of Union; in another Act of Union in 1707, England and Scotland agreed to permanently join as Great Britain; the legislative union of Great Britain and Ireland was implemented in 1801, with the adoption of the name the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; the Anglo-Irish treaty of 1921 formalized a partition of Ireland; six northern Irish counties remained part of the United Kingdom as Northern Ireland and the current name of the country, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, was adopted in 1927
United States United States 4 July 1776 (from Great Britain) 4 July 1776 (from Great Britain)
Uruguay Uruguay 25 August 1825 (from Brazil) 25 August 1825 (from Brazil)
Uzbekistan Uzbekistan 1 September 1991 (from Soviet Union) 1 September 1991 (from Soviet Union)
Vanuatu Vanuatu 30 July 1980 (from France and UK) 30 July 1980 (from France and UK)
Venezuela Venezuela 5 July 1811 (from Spain) 5 July 1811 (from Spain)
Vietnam Vietnam 2 September 1945 (from France) 2 September 1945 (from France)
Virgin Islands Virgin Islands none (territory of the US) none (territory of the US)
Wallis and Futuna Wallis and Futuna none (overseas territory of France) none (overseas territory of France)
Yemen Yemen 22 May 1990 (Republic of Yemen established with the merger of the Yemen Arab Republic [Yemen (Sanaa) or North Yemen] and the Marxist-dominated People's Democratic Republic of Yemen [Yemen (Aden) or South Yemen]); note - previously North Yemen had become independent in November 1918 (from the Ottoman Empire) and South Yemen became independent on 30 November 1967 (from the UK) 22 May 1990 (Republic of Yemen was established with the merger of the Yemen Arab Republic [Yemen (Sanaa) or North Yemen] and the Marxist-dominated People's Democratic Republic of Yemen [Yemen (Aden) or South Yemen]); note - previously North Yemen became independent in November 1918 (from the Ottoman Empire) and became a republic with the overthrow of the theocratic Imamate in 1962; South Yemen became independent on 30 November 1967 (from the UK)
Zambia Zambia 24 October 1964 (from UK) 24 October 1964 (from UK)
Zimbabwe Zimbabwe 18 April 1980 (from UK) 18 April 1980 (from UK)
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