Chile (2008)
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Chile 2008 roku
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Chile 2008 roku
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| Podzial administracyjny | 15 regions (regiones, singular - region); Aisen del General Carlos Ibanez del Campo, Antofagasta, Araucania, Arica y Parinacota, Atacama, Biobio, Coquimbo, Libertador General Bernardo O'Higgins, Los Lagos, Los Rios, Magallanes y de la Antartica Chilena, Maule, Region Metropolitana (Santiago), Tarapaca, Valparaiso
note: the US does not recognize claims to Antarktyda |
| Struktura wiekowa | 0-14 years: 24.1% (male 2,010,576/female 1,920,951)
15-64 years: 67.4% (male 5,480,703/female 5,492,988) 65 years and over: 8.5% (male 576,698/female 802,825) (2007 est.) |
| Rolinictwo | grapes, apples, pears, onions, wheat, corn, oats, peaches, garlic, asparagus, beans; beef, poultry, wool; fish; timber |
| Lotniska | 358 (2007) |
| Lotniska z utwardzonymi pasami | total: 79
over 3,047 m: 5 2,438 to 3,047 m: 8 1,524 to 2,437 m: 22 914 to 1,523 m: 25 under 914 m: 19 (2007) |
| Lotniska z nieutwardzonymi pasami | total: 279
2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 12 914 to 1,523 m: 49 under 914 m: 216 (2007) |
| Terytorium | total: 756,950 sq km
land: 748,800 sq km water: 8,150 sq km note: includes Easter Island (Isla de Pascua) and Isla Sala y Gomez |
| Terytorium - porownanie wielkosci | slightly smaller than twice the size of Montana |
| Tlo historyczne | Prior to the coming of the Spanish w the 16th century, northern Chile was under Inca rule while Araucanian Indiens (also known as Mapuches) inhabited central and southern Chile. Although Chile declared its independence w 1810, decisive victory over the Spanish was not achieved until 1818. In the War of the Pacific (1879-83), Chile defeated Peru and Boliwia and won its present northern regions. It was not until the 1880s that the Araucanian Indiens were completely subjugated. A three-year-old Marxist government of Salvador ALLENDE was overthrown w 1973 by a military coup led by sierpieno PINOCHET, who ruled until a freely elected president was installed w 1990. Sound economic policies, maintained consistently since the 1980s, have contributed to steady growth, reduced poverty rates by over half, and have helped secure the country's commitment to democratic and representative government. Chile has increasingly assumed regional and international leadership roles befitting its status as a stable, democratic nation. |
| Wspolczynnik narodzin | 15.03 births/1,000 population (2007 est.) |
| Budzet | revenues: $44.44 billion
expenditures: $31.36 billion (2007 est.) |
| Stolica | name: Santiago
geographic coordinates: 33 27 S, 70 40 W time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins second Sunday w pazdziernik; ends second Sunday w marzec |
| Klimat | temperate; desert w north; Mediterranean w central region; cool and damp w south |
| Linia brzegowa | 6,435 km |
| Konstytucja | 11 wrzesien 1980, effective 11 marzec 1981; amended 1989, 1991, 1997, 1999, 2000, 2003, and 2005 |
| Nazwa panstwa | conventional long form: Republic of Chile
conventional short form: Chile local long form: Republica de Chile local short form: Chile |
| Wspolczynnik zgonow | 5.87 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.) |
| Zadluzenie - zewnetrzne | $49.18 billion (30 czerwiec 2007) |
| Reprezentacja dyplomatyczna ze strony USA | chief of mission: Ambassador Paul E. SIMONS
embassy: Avenida Andres Bello 2800, Las Condes, Santiago mailing address: APO AA 34033 telephone: [56] (2) 232-2600 FAX: [56] (2) 330-3710 |
| Reprezentacja dyplomatyczna w USA | chief of mission: Ambassador Mariano FERNANDEZ
chancery: 1732 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036 telephone: [1] (202) 530-4104, 530-4106, 530-4107 FAX: [1] (202) 887-5579 consulate(s) general: Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, Philadelphia, San Francisco, San Juan (Portoryko) |
| Miedzynarodowe dyskusje | Chile rebuffs Boliwia's reactivated claim to restore the Atacama corridor, ceded to Chile w 1884, offering instead unrestricted but not sovereign maritime access through Chile to Boliwian gas and other commodities; Chile rejects Peru's unilateral legislation to change its latitudinal maritime boundary z Chile to an equidistance line z a southwestern axis favoring Peru; territorial claim w Antarktyda (Chilean Antarctic Territory) partially overlaps Argentine and British claims; the joint boundary commission, established by Chile and Argentyna w 2001, has yet to map and demarcate the delimited boundary w the inhospitable Andean Southern Ice Field (Campo de Hielo Sur) |
| Ekonomiczna pomoc - pobieranie | $0 (2006) |
| Ekonomia | Chile has a market-oriented economy characterized by a high level of foreign trade. During the early 1990s, Chile's reputation as a role model dla economic reform was strengthened when the democratic government of Patricio AYLWIN - which took over from the military w 1990 - deepened the economic reform initiated by the military government. Growth w real Produkt krajowy brutto averaged 8% during 1991-97, but fell to half that level w 1998 because of tight monetary policies implemented to keep the current account deficit w check and because of lower export earnings - the latter a product of the global financial crisis. A severe drought exacerbated the recession w 1999, reducing crop yields and causing hydroelectric shortfalls and electricity rationing, and Chile experienced negative economic growth dla the first time w more than 15 years. Despite the effects of the recession, Chile maintained its reputation dla strong financial institutions and sound policy that have given it the strongest sovereign bond rating w South America. Between 2000 and 2007 growth ranged between 2%-6%. Throughout these years Chile maintained a low rate of inflation z Produkt krajowy brutto growth coming from high copper prices, solid export earnings (particularly forestry, fishing, and mining), and growing domestic consumption. President BACHELET w 2006 established an Economic and Social Stabilization Fund to hold excess copper revenues so that social spending can be maintained during periods of copper shortfalls. This fund will surpass $20 billion by the end of 2007. Chile continues to attract foreign direct investment, but most foreign investment goes into gas, water, electricity and mining. Unemployment has exhibited a downward trend over the past two years, dropping to 7.8% and 6.7% at the end of 2006 and 2007, respectively. Chile deepened its longstanding commitment to trade liberalization z the signing of a free trade agreement z the US, which took effect on 1 styczen 2004. Chile claims to have more bilateral or regional trade agreements than any other country. It has 57 such agreements (not all of them full free trade agreements), including z the Unia Europejska, Mercosur, Chiny, Indie, South Korea, and Meksyk. |
| Elektrycznosc - konsumpcja | 48.31 billion kWh (2005) |
| Elektrycznosc - eksport | 0 kWh (2005) |
| Elektrycznosc - import | 2.152 billion kWh (2005) |
| Elektrycznosc - produkcja | 47.6 billion kWh (2006) |
| Skrajne punkty wysokosci | lowest point: Ocean Spokojny 0 m
highest point: Nevado Ojos del Salado 6,880 m |
| Srodowisko - obecne problemy | widespread deforestation and mining threaten natural resources; air pollution from industrial and vehicle emissions; water pollution from raw sewage |
| Srodowisko - miedzynarodowe umowy | party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Klimat Change, Klimat Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
| Grupy etniczne | white and white-Amerindian 95%, Amerindian 3%, other 2% |
| Kurs waluty | Chilean pesos per US dollar - 526.25 (2007), 530.29 (2006), 560.09 (2005), 609.37 (2004), 691.43 (2003) |
| Wladza wykonawcza | chief of state: President Michelle BACHELET Jeria (since 11 marzec 2006); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government
head of government: President Michelle BACHELET Jeria (since 11 marzec 2006) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president elections: president elected by popular vote dla a single four-year term; election last held 11 grudzien 2005, z runoff election held 15 styczen 2006 (next to be held w grudzien 2009) election results: Michelle BACHELET Jeria elected president; percent of vote - Michelle BACHELET Jeria 53.5%; Sebastian PINERA Echenique 46.5% |
| Eksport | 0 kWh (2005) |
| Eksport | $66.43 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.) |
| Eksport | 0 cu m (2005 est.) |
| Eksport | 31,510 bbl/day (2004) |
| Eksport - towary | copper, fruit, fish products, paper and pulp, chemicals, wine |
| Eksport - partnerzy | US 15.6%, Japonia 10.5%, Chiny 8.6%, Holandia 6.7%, South Korea 5.9%, Wlochy 4.9%, Brazylia 4.8%, Francja 4.2% (2006) |
| Rok podatkowy | rok kalendarzowy |
| Opis flagi | two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and red; there is a blue square the same height as the white band at the hoist-side end of the white band; the square bears a white five-pointed star w the center representing a guide to progress and honor; blue symbolizes the sky, white is dla the snow-covered Andes, and red stands dla the blood spilled to achieve independence
note: design was influenced by the US flag |
| Produkt krajowy brutto - podzial wg galezi przemyslu | agriculture: 4.9%
industry: 49.7% services: 45.4% (2007 est.) |
| Produkt krajowy brutto - realny wspolczynnik wzrostu | 5.2% (2007 est.) |
| Koordynaty geograficzne | 30 00 S, 71 00 W |
| Polozenie geograficzne | strategic location relative to sea lanes between Atlantic and Ocean Spokojnys (Strait of Magellan, Beagle Channel, Drake Passage); Atacama Desert is one of world's driest regions |
| Domowy dochód albo konsumpcja wg podzialu procentowego | lowest 10%: 1.4%
highest 10%: 45% (2003) |
| Narkotyki | important transshipment country dla cocaine destined dla Europe; economic prosperity and increasing trade have made Chile more attractive to traffickers seeking to launder drug profits, especially through the Iquique Free Trade Zone, but a new anti-money-laundering law improves controls; imported precursors passed on to Boliwia; domestic cocaine consumption is rising; significant consumer of cocaine |
| Import | 2.152 billion kWh (2005) |
| Import | $41.8 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.) |
| Import | 6.234 billion cu m (2005) |
| Import | 222,900 bbl/day (2006 est.) |
| Import - towary | petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, electrical and telecommunications equipment, industrial machinery, vehicles, natural gas |
| Import - partnerzy | US 15.6%, Argentyna 12.6%, Brazylia 11.8%, Chiny 9.7% (2006) |
| Niepodleglosc | 18 wrzesien 1810 (from Hiszpania) |
| Wspolczynnik wzrostu produkcji w przemysle | 5.6% (2007 est.) |
| Przemysl | copper, other minerals, foodstuffs, fish processing, iron and steel, wood and wood products, transport equipment, cement, textiles |
| Wspolczynnik umieralnosci noworodkow | total: 8.36 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 9.09 deaths/1,000 live births female: 7.59 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.) |
| Inflacja | 6.5% (2007 est.) |
| Czlonek miedzynarodowych organizacji | ABEDA, APEC, BIS, CAN (associate), CSN, FAO, G-15, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, LAES, LAIA, Mercosur (associate), MIGA, MINUSTAH, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, RG, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNMOGIP, UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO |
| Nawadniane tereny | 19,000 sq km (2003) |
| Sadownictwo | Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (judges are appointed by the president and ratified by the Senate from lists of candidates provided by the court itself; the president of the Supreme Court is elected every three years by the 20-member court); Konstytucjaal Tribunal |
| Sila robocza | 6.97 million (2007 est.) |
| Sila robocza - wg galezi gospodarki | agriculture: 13.6%
industry: 23.4% services: 63% (2003) |
| Granica | total: 6,339 km
border countries: Argentyna 5,308 km, Boliwia 860 km, Peru 171 km |
| Zagospodarowanie terenu | arable land: 2.62%
permanent crops: 0.43% other: 96.95% (2005) |
| Jezyki | Spanish |
| System prawny | based on Code of 1857 derived from Spanish law and subsequent codes influenced by French and Austrian law; judicial review of legislative acts w the Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; note - w czerwiec 2005, Chile completed overhaul of its criminal justice system to a new, US-style adversarial system |
| Wladza ustawodawcza | bicameral National Congress or Congreso Nacional consists of the Senate or Senado (38 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve eight-year terms; one-half elected every four years) and the Chamber of Deputies or Camara de Diputados (120 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: Senate - last held 11 grudzien 2005 (next to be held w grudzien 2009); Chamber of Deputies - last held 11 grudzien 2005 (next to be held w grudzien 2009) election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - CPD 20 (PDC 6, PS 8, PPD 3, PRSD 3), APC 17 (UDI 9, RN 8), independent 1; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - CPD 65 (PDC 21, PPD 22, PS 15, PRSD 7), APC 54 (UDI 34, RN 20), independent 1; note - as of 8 styczen 2008: Senate - seats by party - CPD 18, (PDC 5, PS 8, PPD 2, PRSD 3), APC 16 (UDI 9, RN 7), independent 4; Chamber of Deputies - seats by party - CPD 57 (PDC 16, PPD 19, PS 15, PRSD 7), APC 53 (UDI 33, RN 20), independent 10. |
| Zywotnosc | total population: 76.96 years
male: 73.69 years female: 80.4 years (2007 est.) |
| Pismienni | definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 95.7% male: 95.8% female: 95.6% (2002 census) |
| Lokalizacja | Southern South America, bordering the South Ocean Spokojny, between Argentyna and Peru |
| Lokalizacja na mapie | South America |
| Morskie obszary | territorial sea: 12 nm
contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200/350 nm |
| Flota handlowa | total: 48 ships (1000 GRT or over) 719,668 GRT/1,016,892 DWT
by type: bulk carrier 10, cargo 6, chemical tanker 11, container 1, liquefied gas 2, passenger 4, passenger/cargo 2, petroleum tanker 8, roll on/roll off 1, vehicle carrier 3 foreign-owned: 1 (Argentyna 1) registered w other countries: 20 (Argentyna 7, Brazylia 1, Wyspy Marshalla 4, Panama 8) (2007) |
| Wojsko | Army of the Nation, Chilean Navy (Armada de Chile, includes naval air, marine corps, and Maritime Territory and Merchant Marine Directorate (Directemar)), Chilean Air Force (Fuerza Aerea de Chile, FACh), Carabineros Corps (Cuerpo de Carabineros) (2007) |
| Wojsko - wydatki (procent PKB) | 2.7% (2006) |
| Swieto narodowe | Niepodleglosc Day, 18 wrzesien (1810) |
| Narodowosc | noun: Chilean(s)
adjective: Chilean |
| Naturalne zagrozenia | severe earthquakes; active volcanism; tsunamis |
| Surowce naturalne | copper, timber, iron ore, nitrates, precious metals, molybdenum, hydropower |
| Wspolczynnik migracji | 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.) |
| Rurociagi | gas 2,550 km; gas/liquid petroleum gas 42 km; liquid petroleum gas 539 km; oil 1,002 km; refined products 757 km; unknown (oil/water) 97 km (2007) |
| Partie polityczne i przywodcy | Alliance dla Chile ("Alianza") or APC (including National Renewal or RN [Carlos LARRAIN Pena] and Independent Democratic Union or UDI [Hernan LARRAIN Fernandez]); Coalition of Parties dla Democracy ("Concertacion") or CPD (including Christian Democratic Party or PDC [Soledad ALVEAR], Socialist Party or PS [Camilo ESCALONA Medina], Party dla Democracy or PPD [Sergio BITAR Chacra], Radical Social Democratic Party or PRSD [Jose Antonio GOMEZ Urrutia]); Communist Party or PC [Guillermo TEILLIER]; Humanist Party [Marilen CABRERA Olmos] |
| Przesladowania polityczne ugrupowan oraz liderow | revitalized university student federations at all major universities; Roman Catholic Church; United Labor Central or CUT includes trade unionists from the country's five largest labor confederations |
| Ludnosc | 16,284,741 (lipiec 2007 est.) |
| Ludnosc zyjaca na skraju ubostwa | 18.2% (2005) |
| Przyrost naturalny | 0.916% (2007 est.) |
| Stacje radiowe | AM 180 (8 inactive), FM 64, shortwave 17 (1 inactive) (1998) |
| Linie kolejowe | total: 6,585 km
broad gauge: 2,831 km 1.676-m gauge (1,317 km electrified) narrow gauge: 3,754 km 1.000-m gauge (2006) |
| Religie | Roman Catholic 70%, Evangelical 15.1%, Jehovah's Witness 1.1%, other Christian 1%, other 4.6%, none 8.3% (2002 census) |
| Wspolczynnik plci | at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.047 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.998 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.718 male(s)/female total population: 0.982 male(s)/female (2007 est.) |
| Prawo wyborcze | 18 years of age; universal and compulsory |
| System telefoniczny | general assessment: privatization began w 1988; advanced telecommunications infrastructure; modern system based on extensive microwave radio relay facilities; fixed-line connections have dropped w recent years as mobile-cellular usage continues to increase, reaching a level of 75 telephones per 100 persons
domestic: extensive microwave radio relay links; domestic satellite system z 3 earth stations international: country code - 56; submarine cables provide links to the US and to Central and South America; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Ocean Atlantycki) (2007) |
| Telefony - wykorzystywane linie telefoniczne | 3.326 million (2006) |
| Telefony komorkowe | 12.451 million (2006) |
| Stacje telewizyjne | 63 (plus 121 repeaters) (1997) |
| Uksztaltowanie terenu | low coastal mountains; fertile central valley; rugged Andes w east |
| Wspolczynnik nardzin przypadajacy na kobiety | 1.97 children born/woman (2007 est.) |
| Wspolczynnik bezrobocia | 7% (2007 est.) |
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