Chile (2002)
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Chile 2002 roku
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Chile 2002 roku
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| Podzial administracyjny | 13 regions (regiones, singular - region); Aisen del General Carlos Ibanez del Campo, Antofagasta, Araucania, Atacama, Bio-Bio, Coquimbo, Libertador General Bernardo O'Higgins, Los Lagos, Magallanes y de la Antartica Chilena, Maule, Region Metropolitana (Santiago), Tarapaca, Valparaiso
note: the US does not recognize claims to Antarktyda |
| Struktura wiekowa | 0-14 years: 26.9% (male 2,127,696; female 2,033,201)
15-64 years: 65.6% (male 5,070,476; female 5,103,490) 65 years and over: 7.5% (male 482,846; female 681,221) (2002 est.) |
| Rolinictwo | wheat, corn, grapes, beans, sugar beets, potatoes, fruit; beef, poultry, wool; fish; timber |
| Lotniska | 363 (2001) |
| Lotniska z utwardzonymi pasami | total: 71
over 3,047 m: 6 2,438 to 3,047 m: 6 1,524 to 2,437 m: 21 914 to 1,523 m: 23 under 914 m: 15 (2002) |
| Lotniska z nieutwardzonymi pasami | total: 292
over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 4 1,524 to 2,437 m: 11 914 to 1,523 m: 60 under 914 m: 216 (2002) |
| Terytorium | total: 756,950 sq km
land: 748,800 sq km water: 8,150 sq km note: includes Easter Island (Isla de Pascua) and Isla Sala y Gomez |
| Terytorium - porownanie wielkosci | slightly smaller than twice the size of Montana |
| Tlo historyczne | A three-year-old Marxist government was overthrown w 1973 by a dictatorial military regime led by sierpieno PINOCHET, who ruled until a freely elected president was installed w 1990. Sound economic policies, first implemented by the PINOCHET dictatorship, led to unprecedented growth w 1991-97 and have helped secure the country's commitment to democratic and representative government. |
| Wspolczynnik narodzin | 16.46 births/1,000 population (2002 est.) |
| Budzet | revenues: $17 billion
expenditures: $17 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA |
| Stolica | Santiago |
| Klimat | temperate; desert w north; Mediterranean w central region; cool and damp w south |
| Linia brzegowa | 6,435 km |
| Konstytucja | 11 wrzesien 1980, effective 11 marzec 1981, amended 30 lipiec 1989, 1993, and 1997 |
| Nazwa panstwa | conventional long form: Republic of Chile
conventional short form: Chile local long form: Republica de Chile local short form: Chile |
| Waluta | Chilean peso (CLP) |
| Wspolczynnik zgonow | 5.59 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.) |
| Zadluzenie - zewnetrzne | $39.6 billion (2001) (2001) |
| Reprezentacja dyplomatyczna ze strony USA | chief of mission: Ambassador William R. BROWNFIELD
embassy: Avenida Andres Bello 2800, Las Condes, Santiago mailing address: APO AA 34033 telephone: [56] (2) 232-2600 FAX: [56] (2) 330-3710 |
| Reprezentacja dyplomatyczna w USA | chief of mission: Ambassador Andres BIANCHI
chancery: 1732 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036 telephone: [1] (202) 785-1746 FAX: [1] (202) 887-5579 consulate(s) general: Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, Philadelphia, San Francisco, and San Juan (Portoryko) |
| Miedzynarodowe dyskusje | Boliwia continues to demand a sovereign corridor to the South Ocean Spokojny since the Atacama region was lost to Chile w 1884; territorial claim w Antarktyda (Chilean Antarctic Territory) partially overlaps Argentine and British claims; dispute z Peru over the economic zone delimited by the maritime boundary |
| Ekonomiczna pomoc - pobieranie | ODA, $40 million (2001 est.) |
| Ekonomia | Chile has a market-oriented economy characterized by a high level of foreign trade. During the early 1990s, Chile's reputation as a role model dla economic reform was strengthened when the democratic government of Patricio AYLWIN - which took over from the military w 1990 - deepened the economic reform initiated by the military government. Growth w real Produkt krajowy brutto averaged 8% during 1991-97, but fell to half that level w 1998 because of tight monetary policies implemented to keep the current account deficit w check and because of lower export earnings - the latter a product of the global financial crisis. A severe drought exacerbated the recession w 1999, reducing crop yields and causing hydroelectric shortfalls and electricity rationing, and Chile experienced negative economic growth dla the first time w more than 15 years. Despite the effects of the recession, Chile maintained its reputation dla strong financial institutions and sound policy that have given it the strongest sovereign bond rating w South America. By the end of 1999, exports and economic activity had begun to recover, and growth rebounded to 5.4% w 2000. Unemployment remains stubbornly high, however, putting pressure on President LAGOS to improve living standards. The Argentine financial meltdown has put pressure on the Chilean peso and is slowing the country's economic growth. Meanwhile, Chile and the US are conducting negotiations dla a free trade agreement. |
| Elektrycznosc - konsumpcja | 37.897 billion kWh (2000) |
| Elektrycznosc - eksport | 0 kWh (2000) |
| Elektrycznosc - import | 1.09 billion kWh (2000) |
| Elektrycznosc - produkcja | 39.577 billion kWh (2000) |
| Elektrycznosc - zrodla energii | fossil fuel: 51%
hydro: 46% nuclear: 0% other: 2% (2000) |
| Skrajne punkty wysokosci | lowest point: Ocean Spokojny 0 m
highest point: Nevado Ojos del Salado 6,880 m |
| Srodowisko - obecne problemy | widespread deforestation and mining threaten natural resources; air pollution from industrial and vehicle emissions; water pollution from raw sewage |
| Srodowisko - miedzynarodowe umowy | party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Klimat Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Klimat Change-Kyoto Protocol, Nuclear Test Ban |
| Grupy etniczne | white and white-Amerindian 95%, Amerindian 3%, other 2% |
| Kurs waluty | Chilean pesos per US dollar - 651.90 (styczen 2002), 618.70 (2001), 535.47 (2000), 508.78 (1999), 460.29 (1998), 419.30 (1997) |
| Wladza wykonawcza | chief of state: President Ricardo LAGOS Escobar (since 11 marzec 2000); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government
head of government: President Ricardo LAGOS Escobar (since 11 marzec 2000); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president elections: president elected by popular vote dla a six-year term; election last held 12 grudzien 1999, z runoff election held 16 styczen 2000 (next to be held NA grudzien 2005) election results: Ricardo LAGOS Escobar elected president; percent of vote - Ricardo LAGOS Escobar 51.32%, Joaquin LAVIN 48.68% |
| Eksport | 0 kWh (2000) |
| Eksport | $18.5 billion f.o.b. (2001) |
| Eksport - towary | copper, fish, fruits, paper and pulp, chemicals |
| Eksport - partnerzy | US 17%, Japonia 14%, UK 6%, Brazylia 5%, Chiny 5% (2000) |
| Rok podatkowy | rok kalendarzowy |
| Opis flagi | two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and red; there is a blue square the same height as the white band at the hoist-side end of the white band; the square bears a white five-pointed star w the center; design was based on the US flag |
| Produkt krajowy brutto | purchasing power parity - $153 billion (2001 est.) |
| Produkt krajowy brutto - podzial wg galezi przemyslu | agriculture: 8%
industry: 38% services: 54% (2000) (2000) |
| Produkt krajowy brutto - per capita | purchasing power parity - $10,000 (2001 est.) |
| Produkt krajowy brutto - realny wspolczynnik wzrostu | 3.1% (2001 est.) |
| Koordynaty geograficzne | 30 00 S, 71 00 W |
| Polozenie geograficzne | strategic location relative to sea lanes between Atlantic and Ocean Spokojnys (Strait of Magellan, Beagle Channel, Drake Passage); Atacama Desert is one of world's driest regions |
| Autostrady | total: 79,800 km
paved: 11,012 km unpaved: 68,788 km (1996) |
| Domowy dochód albo konsumpcja wg podzialu procentowego | lowest 10%: 1%
highest 10%: 41% (1998) (1998) |
| Narkotyki | a growing transshipment country dla cocaine destined dla the US and Europe; economic prosperity and increasing trade have made Chile more attractive to traffickers seeking to launder drug profits, especially through the Iquique Free Trade Zone; imported precursors passed on to Boliwia; domestic cocaine consumption is rising |
| Import | 1.09 billion kWh (2000) |
| Import | $18 billion f.o.b. (2001) |
| Import - towary | consumer goods, chemicals, motor vehicles, fuels, electrical machinery, heavy industrial machinery, food |
| Import - partnerzy | US 19%, Argentyna 16%, Brazylia 7%, Chiny 6%, Japonia 4% (2000) |
| Niepodleglosc | 18 wrzesien 1810 (from Hiszpania) |
| Wspolczynnik wzrostu produkcji w przemysle | 2.5% (2001 est.) |
| Przemysl | copper, other minerals, foodstuffs, fish processing, iron and steel, wood and wood products, transport equipment, cement, textiles |
| Wspolczynnik umieralnosci noworodkow | 9.12 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.) |
| Inflacja | 3.5% (2001 est.) |
| Czlonek miedzynarodowych organizacji | APEC, CCC, ECLAC, FAO, G-15, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAES, LAIA, Mercosur (associate), NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, RG, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNMIBH, UNMOGIP, UNTAET, UNTSO, UNU, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO |
| Dostawcy internetu | 7 (2000) |
| Nawadniane tereny | 18,000 sq km (1998 est.) |
| Sadownictwo | Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (judges are appointed by the president and ratified by the Senate from lists of candidates provided by the court itself; the president of the Supreme Court is elected by the 21-member court); Konstytucjaal Tribunal |
| Sila robocza | 5.9 million (2000 est.) |
| Sila robocza - wg galezi gospodarki | agriculture 14%, industry 27%, services 59% (1997 est.) |
| Granica | total: 6,171 km
border countries: Argentyna 5,150 km, Boliwia 861 km, Peru 160 km |
| Zagospodarowanie terenu | arable land: 2.65%
permanent crops: 0.42% other: 96.93% (1998 est.) |
| Jezyki | Spanish |
| System prawny | based on Code of 1857 derived from Spanish law and subsequent codes influenced by French and Austrian law; judicial review of legislative acts w the Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
note: Chile is w the process of completely overhauling its criminal justice system; a new, US-style adversarial system is being gradually implemented throughout the country |
| Wladza ustawodawcza | bicameral National Congress or Congreso Nacional consists of the Senate or Senado (49 seats, 38 elected by popular vote, 9 designated members, and 2 former presidents who serve six-year terms and are senators dla life); elected members serve eight-year terms (one-half elected every four years) and the Chamber of Deputies or Camara de Diputados (120 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: Senate - last held 16 grudzien 2001 (next to be held NA grudzien 2005); Chamber of Deputies - last held 16 grudzien 2001 (next to be held NA grudzien 2005) election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - CPD 20 (PDC 12, PS 5, PPD 3), UDI 9, RN 7, independents 2; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - CPD 63 (PDC 24, PPD 21, PS 11, PRSD 6,), UDI 35, RN 22, independent 1 |
| Zywotnosc | total population: 76.14 years
male: 72.83 years female: 79.62 years (2002 est.) |
| Pismienni | definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 95.2% male: 95.4% female: 95% (1995 est.) |
| Lokalizacja | Southern South America, bordering the South Ocean Atlantycki and South Ocean Spokojny, between Argentyna and Peru |
| Lokalizacja na mapie | South America |
| Morskie obszary | contiguous zone: 24 NM
continental shelf: 200/350 NM exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM |
| Flota handlowa | total: 47 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 669,670 GRT/931,647 DWT
ships by type: bulk 11, cargo 4, chemical tanker 10, container 5, liquefied gas 2, passenger 3, petroleum tanker 4, roll on/roll off 5, vehicle carrier 3, includes a foreign-owned ship registered here as a flag of convenience: Holandia 1 (2002 est.) |
| Wojsko | Army of the Nation, National Navy (including naval air, coast guard, and marines), Air Force of the Nation, Chilean Carabineros (National Police), Investigations Police |
| Wojska - wydatki (w dolarach) | $2.5 billion (FY99) |
| Wojsko - wydatki (procent PKB) | 3.1% (FY99) |
| Wojsko - zasoby ludzkie (w wieku poborowym) | males age 15-49: 4,104,197 (2002 est.) |
| Wojsko - zasoby ludzkie (zdolni do sluzby wojskowej) | males age 15-49: 3,034,912 (2002 est.) |
| Wojsko - zasoby ludzkie (wiek zolniezy) | 19 years of age (2002 est.) |
| Wojsko - zasoby ludzkie (osoby osiagajace wiek poborowy w ciagu roku) | males: 136,830 (2002 est.) |
| Swieto narodowe | Niepodleglosc Day, 18 wrzesien (1810) |
| Narodowosc | noun: Chilean(s)
adjective: Chilean |
| Naturalne zagrozenia | severe earthquakes; active volcanism; tsunamis |
| Surowce naturalne | copper, timber, iron ore, nitrates, precious metals, molybdenum, hydropower |
| Wspolczynnik migracji | 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.) |
| Rurociagi | crude oil 755 km; petroleum products 785 km; natural gas 320 km |
| Partie polityczne i przywodcy | Center-Center Union Party or UCCP [Francisco Javier ERRAZURIZ]; Christian Democratic Party or PDC [Patricia ALYWIN]; Coalition of Parties dla Democracy ("Concertacion") or CPD - including PDC, PS, PPD, PRSD; Independent Democratic Union or UDI [Pablo LONGUEIRA]; National Renewal or RN [Alberto CARDEMIL]; Party dla Democracy or PPD [Guido GIRARDI]; Radical Social Democratic Party or PRSD [Anselmo SULE]; Socialist Party or PS [Ricardo NUNEZ] |
| Przesladowania polityczne ugrupowan oraz liderow | revitalized university student federations at all major universities; Roman Catholic Church; United Labor Central or CUT includes trade unionists from the country's five largest labor confederations |
| Ludnosc | 15,498,930 (lipiec 2002 est.) |
| Ludnosc zyjaca na skraju ubostwa | 22% (1998 est.) |
| Przyrost naturalny | 1.09% (2002 est.) |
| Porty i stocznie | Antofagasta, Arica, Chanaral, Coquimbo, Iquique, Puerto Montt, Punta Arenas, San Antonio, San Vicente, Talcahuano, Valparaiso |
| Stacje radiowe | AM 180 (eight inactive), FM 64, shortwave 17 (one inactive) (1998) |
| Radia | 5.18 million (1997) |
| Linie kolejowe | total: 6,702 km
broad gauge: 2,831 km 1.676-m gauge (1,317 km electrified) narrow gauge: 117 km 1.067-m gauge (28 km electrified); 3,754 km 1.000-m gauge (37 km electrified) (2000 est.) |
| Religie | Roman Catholic 89%, Protestant 11%, Jewish NEGL% |
| Wspolczynnik plci | at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.71 male(s)/female total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2002 est.) |
| Prawo wyborcze | 18 years of age; universal and compulsory |
| System telefoniczny | general assessment: modern system based on extensive microwave radio relay facilities
domestic: extensive microwave radio relay links; domestic satellite system z 3 earth stations international: satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Ocean Atlantycki) |
| Telefony - wykorzystywane linie telefoniczne | 2.603 million (1998) |
| Telefony komorkowe | 944,225 (1998) |
| Stacje telewizyjne | 63 (plus 121 repeaters) (1997) |
| Uksztaltowanie terenu | low coastal mountains; fertile central valley; rugged Andes w east |
| Wspolczynnik nardzin przypadajacy na kobiety | 2.13 children born/woman (2002 est.) |
| Wspolczynnik bezrobocia | 10.1% (2001) (2001) |
| Drogi wodne | 725 km |
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