Burundi (2008)
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Burundi 2008 roku
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Burundi 2008 roku
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| Podzial administracyjny | 17 provinces; Bubanza, Bujumbura Mairie, Bujumbura Rurale, Bururi, Cankuzo, Cibitoke, Gitega, Karuzi, Kayanza, Kirundo, Makamba, Muramvya, Muyinga, Mwaro, Ngozi, Rutana, Ruyigi |
| Struktura wiekowa | 0-14 years: 46.3% (male 1,951,879/female 1,930,371)
15-64 years: 51.2% (male 2,131,759/female 2,162,093) 65 years and over: 2.6% (male 85,522/female 128,881) (2007 est.) |
| Rolinictwo | coffee, cotton, tea, corn, sorghum, sweet potatoes, bananas, manioc (tapioca); beef, milk, hides |
| Lotniska | 8 (2007) |
| Lotniska z utwardzonymi pasami | total: 1
over 3,047 m: 1 (2007) |
| Lotniska z nieutwardzonymi pasami | total: 7
914 to 1,523 m: 4 under 914 m: 3 (2007) |
| Terytorium | total: 27,830 sq km
land: 25,650 sq km water: 2,180 sq km |
| Terytorium - porownanie wielkosci | slightly smaller than Maryland |
| Tlo historyczne | Burundi's first democratically elected president was assassinated w pazdziernik 1993 after only 100 days w office, triggering widespread ethnic violence between Hutu and Tutsi factions. More than 200,000 Burundians perished during the conflict that spanned almost a dozen years. Hundreds of thousands of Burundians were internally displaced or became refugees w neighboring countries. An internationally brokered power-sharing agreement between the Tutsi-dominated government and the Hutu rebels w 2003 paved the way dla a transition process that led to an integrated defense force, established a new constitution w 2005, and elected a majority Hutu government w 2005. The new government, led by President Pierre NKURUNZIZA, signed a Republika Poludniowej Afrykin brokered ceasefire z the country's last rebel group w wrzesien of 2006 but still faces many challenges. |
| Wspolczynnik narodzin | 41.97 births/1,000 population (2007 est.) |
| Budzet | revenues: $259.4 million
expenditures: $331.8 million; including capital expenditures of $NA (2007 est.) |
| Stolica | name: Bujumbura
geographic coordinates: 3 22 S, 29 21 E time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) |
| Klimat | equatorial; high plateau z considerable altitude variation (772 m to 2,670 m above sea level); average annual temperature varies z altitude from 23 to 17 degrees centigrade but is generally moderate as the average altitude is about 1,700 m; average annual rainfall is about 150 cm; two wet seasons (luty to maj and wrzesien to listopad), and two dry seasons (czerwiec to sierpien and grudzien to styczen) |
| Linia brzegowa | 0 km (landlocked) |
| Konstytucja | 28 luty 2005; ratified by popular referendum |
| Nazwa panstwa | conventional long form: Republic of Burundi
conventional short form: Burundi local long form: Republique du Burundi/Republika y'u Burundi local short form: Burundi former: Urundi |
| Wspolczynnik zgonow | 13.17 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.) |
| Zadluzenie - zewnetrzne | $1.2 billion (2003) |
| Reprezentacja dyplomatyczna ze strony USA | chief of mission: Ambassador Patricia Newton MOLLER
embassy: Avenue des Etats-Unis, Bujumbura mailing address: B. P. 1720, Bujumbura telephone: [257] 223454 FAX: [257] 222926 |
| Reprezentacja dyplomatyczna w USA | chief of mission: Ambassador Celestin NIYONGABO
chancery: Suite 212, 2233 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007 telephone: [1] (202) 342-2574 FAX: [1] (202) 342-2578 |
| Miedzynarodowe dyskusje | conflicts among Tutsi, Hutu, other ethnic groups, associated political rebels, armed gangs, and various government forces have abated somewhat w the Great Lakes region; UN Operation w Burundi (ONUB) completed its mandate w grudzien 2006 after a three-year peace-keeping mission |
| Ekonomiczna pomoc - pobieranie | $365 million (2005) |
| Ekonomia | Burundi is a landlocked, resource-poor country z an underdeveloped manufacturing sector. The economy is predominantly agricultural z more than 90% of the population dependent on subsistence agriculture. Economic growth depends on coffee and tea exports, which account dla 90% of foreign exchange earnings. The ability to pay dla imports, therefore, rests primarily on weather conditions and international coffee and tea prices. The Tutsi minority, 14% of the population, dominates the government and the coffee trade at the expense of the Hutu majority, 85% of the population. An ethnic-based war that lasted dla over a decade resulted w more than 200,000 deaths, forced more than 48,000 refugees into Tanzania, and displaced 140,000 others internally. Only one w two children go to school, and approximately one w 15 adults has HIV/AIDS. Food, medicine, and electricity remain w short supply. Burundi grew about 5% annually w 2006, but Produkt krajowy brutto growth probably fell to under 4% w 2007. Political stability and the end of the civil war have improved aid flows and economic activity has increased, but underlying weaknesses - a high poverty rate, poor education rates, a weak legal system, and low administrative capacity - risk undermining planned economic reforms. Burundi will continue to remain heavily dependent on aid from bilateral and multilateral donors; the delay of funds after a corruption scandal cut off bilateral aid w 2007 reduced government's revenues and its ability to pay salaries. |
| Elektrycznosc - konsumpcja | 161.4 million kWh (2005) |
| Elektrycznosc - eksport | 0 kWh (2005) |
| Elektrycznosc - import | 34 million kWh; note - supplied by the Democratic Republic of the Congo (2005) |
| Elektrycznosc - produkcja | 137 million kWh (2005) |
| Skrajne punkty wysokosci | lowest point: Lake Tanganyika 772 m
highest point: Heha 2,670 m |
| Srodowisko - obecne problemy | soil erosion as a result of overgrazing and the expansion of agriculture into marginal lands; deforestation (little forested land remains because of uncontrolled cutting of trees dla fuel); habitat loss threatens wildlife populations |
| Srodowisko - miedzynarodowe umowy | party to: Biodiversity, Klimat Change, Klimat Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea |
| Grupy etniczne | Hutu (Bantu) 85%, Tutsi (Hamitic) 14%, Twa (Pygmy) 1%, Europeans 3,000, South Asians 2,000 |
| Kurs waluty | Burundi francs per US dollar - 1,065 (2007), 1,030 (2006), 1,138 (2005), 1,100.91 (2004), 1,082.62 (2003) |
| Wladza wykonawcza | chief of state: President Pierre NKURUNZIZA (since 26 sierpien 2005); First Vice President Yves SAVINGUVU - Tutsi (since 9 listopad 2007); Second Vice President Gabriel NTISEZERANA - Hutu (since 9 luty 2007)
head of government: President Pierre NKURUNZIZA (since 26 sierpien 2005); First Vice President Yves SAVINGUVU - Tutsi (since 9 listopad 2007); Second Vice President Gabriel NTISEZERANA - Hutu (since 9 luty 2007) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by president elections: the president is elected by popular vote to a five-year term (eligible dla a second term); note - the constitution adopted w luty 2005 permits the post-transition president to be elected by a two-thirds majority of the parliament; vice presidents nominated by the president, endorsed by parliament election results: Pierre NKURUNZIZA was elected president by the parliament by a vote of 151 to 9; note - the constitution adopted w luty 2005 permits the post-transition president to be elected by a two-thirds majority of the legislature |
| Eksport | 0 kWh (2005) |
| Eksport | $74.17 million f.o.b. (2007 est.) |
| Eksport | 0 cu m (2005 est.) |
| Eksport | 0 bbl/day (2004) |
| Eksport - towary | coffee, tea, sugar, cotton, hides |
| Eksport - partnerzy | Szwajcaria 33.7%, UK 12.2%, Pakistan 8.5%, Ruanda 5.3%, Egipt 4.2% (2006) |
| Rok podatkowy | rok kalendarzowy |
| Opis flagi | divided by a white diagonal cross into red panels (top and bottom) and green panels (hoist side and fly side) z a white disk superimposed at the center bearing three red six-pointed stars outlined w green arranged w a triangular design (one star above, two stars below) |
| Produkt krajowy brutto - podzial wg galezi przemyslu | agriculture: 44.9%
industry: 20.9% services: 34.1% (2006 est.) |
| Produkt krajowy brutto - realny wspolczynnik wzrostu | 5.5% (2007 est.) |
| Koordynaty geograficzne | 3 30 S, 30 00 E |
| Polozenie geograficzne | landlocked; straddles crest of the Nile-Congo watershed; the Kagera, which drains into Lake Victoria, is the most remote headstream of the White Nile |
| Ladowiska helikopterow | 1 (2007) |
| Domowy dochód albo konsumpcja wg podzialu procentowego | lowest 10%: 1.7%
highest 10%: 32.8% (1998) |
| Import | 34 million kWh; note - supplied by the Democratic Republic of the Congo (2005) |
| Import | $340.2 million f.o.b. (2007 est.) |
| Import | 0 cu m (2005) |
| Import | 2,687 bbl/day (2004) |
| Import - towary | capital goods, petroleum products, foodstuffs |
| Import - partnerzy | Arabia Saudyjska 12.6%, Kenia 8.2%, Japonia 7.8%, Rosja 4.7%, UK 4.6%, Francja 4.4%, Chiny 4.4% (2006) |
| Niepodleglosc | 1 lipiec 1962 (from UN trusteeship under Belgian administration) |
| Wspolczynnik wzrostu produkcji w przemysle | 7.5% (2007 est.) |
| Przemysl | light consumer goods such as blankets, shoes, soap; assembly of imported components; public works construction; food processing |
| Wspolczynnik umieralnosci noworodkow | total: 61.93 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 68.91 deaths/1,000 live births female: 54.75 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.) |
| Inflacja | 7% (2007 est.) |
| Czlonek miedzynarodowych organizacji | ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, CEPGL, COMESA, EAC, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (subscriber), ITU, ITUC, MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO |
| Nawadniane tereny | 210 sq km (2003) |
| Sadownictwo | Supreme Court or Cour Supreme; Konstytucjaal Court; Courts of Appeal (there are three w separate locations); Tribunals of First Instance (17 at the province level and 123 small local tribunals) |
| Sila robocza | 2.99 million (2002) |
| Sila robocza - wg galezi gospodarki | agriculture: 93.6%
industry: 2.3% services: 4.1% (2002 est.) |
| Granica | total: 974 km
border countries: Democratic Republic of the Congo 233 km, Ruanda 290 km, Tanzania 451 km |
| Zagospodarowanie terenu | arable land: 35.57%
permanent crops: 13.12% other: 51.31% (2005) |
| Jezyki | Kirundi (official), French (official), Swahili (along Lake Tanganyika and w the Bujumbura area) |
| System prawny | based on German and Belgian civil codes and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction |
| Wladza ustawodawcza | bicameral Parliament or Parlement, consists of a National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (minimum 100 seats, 60% Hutu and 40% Tutsi z at least 30% being women; additional seats appointed by a National Independent Electoral Commission to ensure ethnic representation; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) and a Senate (54 seats; 34 members elected by indirect vote to serve five-year terms, z remaining seats assigned to ethnic groups and former chiefs of state)
elections: National Assembly - last held 4 lipiec 2005 (next to be held w 2010); Senate - last held 29 lipiec 2005 (next to be held w 2010) election results: National Assembly - percent of vote by party - CNDD-FDD 58.6%, FRODEBU 21.7%, UPRONA 7.2%, CNDD 4.1%, MRC-Rurenzangemero 2.1%, others 6.2%; seats by party - CNDD-FDD 59, FRODEBU 25, UPRONA 10, CNDD 4, MRC-Rurenzangemero 2; Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - CNDD-FDD 30, FRODEBU 3, CNDD 1 |
| Zywotnosc | total population: 51.29 years
male: 50.48 years female: 52.12 years (2007 est.) |
| Pismienni | definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 59.3% male: 67.3% female: 52.2% (2000 est.) |
| Lokalizacja | Central Africa, east of Democratic Republic of the Congo |
| Lokalizacja na mapie | Africa |
| Morskie obszary | none (landlocked) |
| Wojsko | National Defense Force (Forces de Defense Nationales, FDN): Army (includes Naval Detachment and Air Wing) (2008) |
| Wojsko - wydatki (procent PKB) | 5.9% (2006 est.) |
| Swieto narodowe | Niepodleglosc Day, 1 lipiec (1962) |
| Narodowosc | noun: Burundian(s)
adjective: Burundian |
| Naturalne zagrozenia | flooding, landslides, drought |
| Surowce naturalne | nickel, uranium, rare earth oxides, peat, cobalt, copper, platinum, vanadium, arable land, hydropower, niobium, tantalum, gold, tin, tungsten, kaolin, limestone |
| Wspolczynnik migracji | 7.13 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.) |
| Partie polityczne i przywodcy | governing parties: Burundi Democratic Front or FRODEBU [Leonce NGENDAKUMANA]; National Council dla the Defense of Democracy - Front dla the Defense of Democracy or CNDD-FDD [Jeremie NGENDAKUMANA]; Unity dla National Progress or UPRONA [Aloys RUBUKA]
note: a multiparty system was introduced after 1998, included are: National Council dla the Defense of Democracy or CNDD [Leonard NYANGOMA]; National Resistance Movement dla the Rehabilitation of the Citizen or MRC-Rurenzangemero [Epitace BANYAGANAKANDI]; Party dla National Redress or PARENA [Jean-Baptiste BAGAZA] |
| Przesladowania polityczne ugrupowan oraz liderow | none |
| Ludnosc | 8,390,505
note: estimates dla this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result w lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes w the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (lipiec 2007 est.) |
| Ludnosc zyjaca na skraju ubostwa | 68% (2002 est.) |
| Przyrost naturalny | 3.593% (2007 est.) |
| Stacje radiowe | AM 0, FM 4, shortwave 1 (2001) |
| Religie | Christian 67% (Roman Catholic 62%, Protestant 5%), indigenous beliefs 23%, Muslim 10% |
| Wspolczynnik plci | at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.011 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.986 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.664 male(s)/female total population: 0.988 male(s)/female (2007 est.) |
| Prawo wyborcze | NA years of age; universal (adult) |
| System telefoniczny | general assessment: primitive system; telephone density one of the lowest w the world; fixed-line connections stand at well less than 1 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular usage is increasing but remains at a meager 2 per 100 persons
domestic: sparse system of open-wire, radiotelephone communications, and low-capacity microwave radio relay international: country code - 257; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Ocean Indyjski) (2007) |
| Telefony - wykorzystywane linie telefoniczne | 31,100 (2005) |
| Telefony komorkowe | 153,000 (2005) |
| Stacje telewizyjne | 1 (2001) |
| Uksztaltowanie terenu | hilly and mountainous, dropping to a plateau w east, some plains |
| Wspolczynnik nardzin przypadajacy na kobiety | 6.48 children born/woman (2007 est.) |
| Wspolczynnik bezrobocia | NA% |
| Drogi wodne | mainly on Lake Tanganyika (2005) |
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