Burundi (2005)

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Burundi 2005 year


Administrative divisions	16 provinces; Bubanza, Bujumbura, Bururi, Cankuzo, Cibitoke, Gitega, Karuzi, Kayanza, Kirundo, Makamba, Muramvya, Muyinga, Mwaro, Ngozi, Rutana, Ruyigi
Age structure	0-14 years: 46% (male 1,479,941/female 1,450,808) 15-64 years: 51.3% (male 1,617,864/female 1,653,331) 65 years and over: 2.6% (male 66,199/female 102,466) (2005 est.)
Agriculture - products	coffee, cotton, tea, corn, sorghum, sweet potatoes, bananas, manioc (tapioca); beef, milk, hides
Airports	8 (2004 est.)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 1 over 3,047 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 7 914 to 1,523 m: 4 under 914 m: 3 (2004 est.)
Area	total: 27,830 sq km land: 25,650 sq km water: 2,180 sq km
Area - comparative	slightly smaller than Maryland
Background	Burundi's first democratically elected president was assassinated in October 1993 after only one hundred days in office. Since then, some 200,000 Burundians have perished in widespread, often intense ethnic violence between Hutu and Tutsi factions. Hundreds of thousands have been internally displaced or have become refugees in neighboring countries. Burundi troops, seeking to secure their borders, briefly intervened in the conflict in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 1998. A new transitional government, inaugurated on 1 November 2001, signed a power-sharing agreement with the largest rebel faction in December 2003 and set in place a provisional constitution in October 2004. Implementation of the agreement has been problematic, however, as one remaining rebel group refuses to sign on and elections have been repeatedly delayed, clouding prospects for a sustainable peace.
Birth rate	39.66 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Budget	revenues: $152.5 million expenditures: $187.7 million, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
Capital	Bujumbura
Climate	equatorial; high plateau with considerable altitude variation (772 m to 2,670 m above sea level); average annual temperature varies with altitude from 23 to 17 degrees centigrade but is generally moderate as the average altitude is about 1,700 m; average annual rainfall is about 150 cm; wet seasons from February to May and September to November, and dry seasons from June to August and December to January
Coastline	0 km (landlocked)
Constitution	13 March 1992; provided for establishment of a plural political system; supplanted on 20 October 2004 by a provisional constitution approved by the parliament which extended the transition; a 28 February 2005 popular referendum ratified the new constitution which set ethnic quotas for government positions, and tentatively scheduled general elections for April 2005
Country name	conventional long form: Republic of Burundi conventional short form: Burundi local long form: Republika y'u Burundi local short form: Burundi former: Urundi
Death rate	17.43 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Debt - external	$1.133 billion (2002)
Diplomatic representation from the US	chief of mission: Ambassador James Howard YELLIN embassy: Avenue des Etats-Unis, Bujumbura mailing address: B. P. 1720, Bujumbura telephone: [257] 223454 FAX: [257] 222926
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Antoine NTAMOBWA chancery: Suite 212, 2233 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007 telephone: [1] (202) 342-2574 FAX: [1] (202) 342-2578
Disputes - international	Tutsi, Hutu, other conflicting ethnic groups, associated political rebels, armed gangs, and various government forces continue fighting in the Great Lakes region, transcending the boundaries of Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, and Uganda in an effort to gain control over populated and natural resource areas; government heads pledge to end conflict, but localized violence continues despite the presence of about 6,000 peacekeepers from the UN Operation in Burundi (ONUB) since 2004; although some 150,000 Burundian refugees have been repatriated, as of February 2005, Burundian refugees still reside in camps in western Tanzania as well as the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Economic aid - recipient	$92.7 million (2000)
Economy - overview	Burundi is a landlocked, resource-poor country with an underdeveloped manufacturing sector. The economy is predominantly agricultural with roughly 90% of the population dependent on subsistence agriculture. Economic growth depends on coffee and tea exports, which account for 90% of foreign exchange earnings. The ability to pay for imports, therefore, rests primarily on weather conditions and international coffee and tea prices. The Tutsi minority, 14% of the population, dominates the government and the coffee trade at the expense of the Hutu majority, 85% of the population. Since October 1993 an ethnic-based war has resulted in more than 200,000 deaths, forced 450,000 refugees into Tanzania, and displaced 140,000 others internally. Doubts about the prospects for sustainable peace continue to impede development. Only one in two children go to school, and approximately one in ten adults has HIV/AIDS. Food, medicine, and electricity remain in short supply.
Electricity - consumption	137.8 million kWh (2002)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2002)
Electricity - imports	15 million kWh; note - supplied by the Democratic Republic of the Congo (2002)
Electricity - production	132 million kWh (2002)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Lake Tanganyika 772 m highest point: Heha 2,670 m
Environment - current issues	soil erosion as a result of overgrazing and the expansion of agriculture into marginal lands; deforestation (little forested land remains because of uncontrolled cutting of trees for fuel); habitat loss threatens wildlife populations
Environment - international agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
Ethnic groups	Hutu (Bantu) 85%, Tutsi (Hamitic) 14%, Twa (Pygmy) 1%, Europeans 3,000, South Asians 2,000
Exchange rates	Burundi francs per US dollar - 1,100.91 (2004), 1,082.62 (2003), 930.75 (2002), 830.35 (2001), 720.67 (2000)
Executive branch	chief of state: President Domitien NDAYIZEYE (since 30 April 2003); note - NDAYIZEYE, a Hutu, was sworn in as president for the second half of the three-year transitional government inaugurated on 1 November 2001; Vice President Frederic NGENZEBUHORO (since 11 November 2004) head of government: President Domitien NDAYIZEYE (since 30 April 2003); note - NDAYIZEYE, a Hutu, was sworn in as president for the second half of the three-year transitional government inaugurated on 1 November 2001; Vice President Frederic NGENZEBUHORO (since 11 November 2004) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by president elections: NA; current president assumed power on 30 April 2003 as part of the transitional government established by the 2000 Arusha Accord; note - next presidential election is scheduled for 22 April 2005
Exports	0 kWh (2002)
Exports	$31.84 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Exports	NA
Exports - commodities	coffee, tea, sugar, cotton, hides
Exports - partners	Germany 19.6%, Belgium 8.2%, Pakistan 6.7%, US 5.6%, Rwanda 5.6%, Thailand 5.4% (2004)
Fiscal year	calendar year
Flag description	divided by a white diagonal cross into red panels (top and bottom) and green panels (hoist side and outer side) with a white disk superimposed at the center bearing three red six-pointed stars outlined in green arranged in a triangular design (one star above, two stars below)
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 48.1% industry: 19% services: 32.9% (2004 est.)
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $600 (2004 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	3% (2004 est.)
Geographic coordinates	3 30 S, 30 00 E
Geography - note	landlocked; straddles crest of the Nile-Congo watershed; the Kagera, which drains into Lake Victoria, is the most remote headstream of the White Nile
Highways	total: 14,480 km paved: 1,028 km unpaved: 13,452 km (1999 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: 1.8% highest 10%: 32.9% (1998)
Imports	15 million kWh; note - supplied by the Democratic Republic of the Congo (2002)
Imports	$138.2 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Imports	NA
Imports - commodities	capital goods, petroleum products, foodstuffs
Imports - partners	Kenya 13.7%, Tanzania 11.2%, US 8.9%, Belgium 8.5%, France 8.4%, Italy 6%, Uganda 5.6%, Japan 4.6%, Germany 4.5% (2004)
Independence	1 July 1962 (from UN trusteeship under Belgian administration)
Industrial production growth rate	18% (2001)
Industries	light consumer goods such as blankets, shoes, soap; assembly of imported components; public works construction; food processing
Infant mortality rate	total: 69.29 deaths/1,000 live births male: 75.87 deaths/1,000 live births female: 62.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	8.5% (2004 est.)
International organization participation	ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, CEPGL, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO (subscriber), ITU, MIGA, NAM, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Irrigated land	740 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch	Supreme Court or Cour Supreme; Constitutional Court; Courts of Appeal (there are three in separate locations); Tribunals of First Instance (17 at the province level and 123 small local tribunals)
Labor force	2.99 million (2002)
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture 93.6%, industry 2.3%, services 4.1% (2002 est.)
Land boundaries	total: 974 km border countries: Democratic Republic of the Congo 233 km, Rwanda 290 km, Tanzania 451 km
Land use	arable land: 35.05% permanent crops: 14.02% other: 50.93% (2001)
Languages	Kirundi (official), French (official), Swahili (along Lake Tanganyika and in the Bujumbura area)
Legal system	based on German and Belgian civil codes and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch	bicameral, consists of a National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (expanded from 121 to approximately 140 seats under the transitional government inaugurated 1 November 2001; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) and a Senate (54 seats; term length is undefined, the current senators will likely serve out the three-year transition period) elections: last held 29 June 1993 (next was scheduled to be held in 1998, but was suspended by presidential decree in 1996; elections are currently planned to be held by April 2005) election results: percent of vote by party - FRODEBU 71.04%, UPRONA 21.4%, other 7.56%; seats by party - FRODEBU 65, UPRONA 16, civilians 27, other parties 13
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 50.29 years male: 49.61 years female: 50.99 years (2005 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 51.6% male: 58.5% female: 45.2% (2003 est.)
Location	Central Africa, east of Democratic Republic of the Congo
Map references	Africa
Maritime claims	none (landlocked)
Military branches	National Defense Force (Forces de Defense Nationales, FDN): Army (includes Naval Detachment and Air Wing), National Gendarmerie (2005)
Military expenditures - dollar figure	$38.7 million (2004)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	6% (2004)
National holiday	Independence Day, 1 July (1962)
Nationality	noun: Burundian(s) adjective: Burundian
Natural hazards	flooding, landslides, drought
Natural resources	nickel, uranium, rare earth oxides, peat, cobalt, copper, platinum, vanadium, arable land, hydropower, niobium, tantalum, gold, tin, tungsten, kaolin, limestone
Net migration rate	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Political parties and leaders	the three national, mainstream, governing parties are: Unity for National Progress or UPRONA [Jean-Baptiste MANWANGARI, secretary general]; Burundi Democratic Front or FRODEBU [Jean MINANI, president]; National Council for the Defense of Democracy, Front for the Defense of Democracy of CNDD-FDD [Pierre NKURUNZIZA, president] note: a multiparty system was introduced after 1998, included are: National Resistance Movement for the Rehabilitation of the Citizen or MRC-Rurenzangemero [Epitace BANYAGANAKANDI]; Party for National Redress or PARENA [Jean-Baptiste BAGAZA]
Political pressure groups and leaders	loosely organized Hutu and Tutsi militias, often affiliated with Hutu and Tutsi extremist parties or subordinate to government security forces
Population	6,370,609 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2005 est.)
Population below poverty line	68% (2002 est.)
Population growth rate	2.22% (2005 est.)
Ports and harbors	Bujumbura
Radio broadcast stations	AM 0, FM 4, shortwave 1 (2001)
Religions	Christian 67% (Roman Catholic 62%, Protestant 5%), indigenous beliefs 23%, Muslim 10%
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.65 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Suffrage	NA years of age; universal adult
Telephone system	general assessment: primitive system domestic: sparse system of open-wire, radiotelephone communications, and low-capacity microwave radio relay international: country code - 257; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use	23,900 (2003)
Telephones - mobile cellular	64,000 (2003)
Television broadcast stations	1 (2001)
Terrain	hilly and mountainous, dropping to a plateau in east, some plains
Total fertility rate	5.81 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Unemployment rate	NA
Waterways	mainly on Lake Tanganyika (2004)

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