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Compare Languages (2006) - Languages (2003)

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  Languages (2006)Languages (2003)
Afghanistan Afghanistan Afghan Persian or Dari (official) 50%, Pashtu (official) 35%, Turkic languages (primarily Uzbek and Turkmen) 11%, 30 minor languages (primarily Balochi and Pashai) 4%, much bilingualism Pashtu 35%, Afghan Persian (Dari) 50%, Turkic languages (primarily Uzbek and Turkmen) 11%, 30 minor languages (primarily Balochi and Pashai) 4%, much bilingualism
Akrotiri Akrotiri English, Greek -
Albania Albania Albanian (official - derived from Tosk dialect), Greek, Vlach, Romani, Slavic dialects Albanian (Tosk is the official dialect), Greek
American Samoa American Samoa Samoan 90.6% (closely related to Hawaiian and other Polynesian languages), English 2.9%, Tongan 2.4%, other Pacific islander 2.1%, other 2%


note: most people are bilingual (2000 census)
Samoan (closely related to Hawaiian and other Polynesian languages), English


note: most people are bilingual
Armenia Armenia Armenian 97.7%, Yezidi 1%, Russian 0.9%, other 0.4% (2001 census) Armenian 96%, Russian 2%, other 2%
Australia Australia English 79.1%, Chinese 2.1%, Italian 1.9%, other 11.1%, unspecified 5.8% (2001 Census) English, native languages
Austria Austria German (official nationwide), Slovene (official in Carinthia), Croatian (official in Burgenland), Hungarian (official in Burgenland) German
Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian Croatian, Serbian, Bosnian
Botswana Botswana Setswana 78.2%, Kalanga 7.9%, Sekgalagadi 2.8%, English 2.1% (official), other 8.6%, unspecified 0.4% (2001 census) English (official), Setswana
Bulgaria Bulgaria Bulgarian 84.5%, Turkish 9.6%, Roma 4.1%, other and unspecified 1.8% (2001 census) Bulgarian, secondary languages closely correspond to ethnic breakdown
Canada Canada English (official) 59.3%, French (official) 23.2%, other 17.5% English 59.3% (official), French 23.2% (official), other 17.5%
Congo, Republic of the Congo, Republic of the French (official), Lingala and Monokutuba (lingua franca trade languages), many local languages and dialects (of which Kikongo is the most widespread) French (official), Lingala and Monokutuba (lingua franca trade languages), many local languages and dialects (of which Kikongo has the most users)
Croatia Croatia Croatian 96.1%, Serbian 1%, other and undesignated 2.9% (including Italian, Hungarian, Czech, Slovak, and German) (2001 census) Croatian 96%, other 4% (including Italian, Hungarian, Czech, Slovak, and German)
Dhekelia Dhekelia English, Greek -
Estonia Estonia Estonian (official) 67.3%, Russian 29.7%, other 2.3%, unknown 0.7% (2000 census) Estonian (official), Russian, Ukrainian, Finnish, other
European Union European Union Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, Estonian, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Hungarian, Italian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Maltese, Polish, Portuguese, Slovak, Slovene, Spanish, Swedish; note - only official languages are listed; Irish (Gaelic) will become the 21st language on 1 January 2007 -
Fiji Fiji English (official), Fijian (official), Hindustani English (official), Fijian, Hindustani
Finland Finland Finnish 92% (official), Swedish 5.6% (official), other 2.4% (small Sami- and Russian-speaking minorities) (2003) Finnish 93.4% (official), Swedish 5.9% (official), small Sami- and Russian-speaking minorities
French Polynesia French Polynesia French 61.1% (official), Polynesian 31.4% (official), Asian languages 1.2%, other 0.3%, unspecified 6% (2002 census) French (official), Tahitian (official)
Gaza Strip Gaza Strip Arabic, Hebrew (spoken by many Palestinians), English (widely understood) Arabic, Hebrew (spoken by Israeli settlers and many Palestinians), English (widely understood)
Guam Guam English 38.3%, Chamorro 22.2%, Philippine languages 22.2%, other Pacific island languages 6.8%, Asian languages 7%, other languages 3.5% (2000 census) English, Chamorro, Japanese
Guinea Guinea French (official); note - each ethnic group has its own language French (official), each ethnic group has its own language
Hungary Hungary Hungarian 93.6%, other or unspecified 6.4% (2001 census) Hungarian 98.2%, other 1.8%
Ireland Ireland English (official) is the language generally used, Irish (official) (Gaelic or Gaeilge) spoken mainly in areas located along the western seaboard English is the language generally used, Irish (Gaelic) spoken mainly in areas located along the western seaboard
Jersey Jersey English 94.5% (official), Portuguese 4.6%, other 0.9% (2001 census) English (official), French (official), Norman-French dialect spoken in country districts
Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyz (official), Russian (official) Kyrgyz - official language, Russian - official language


note: in December 2001, the Kyrgyzstani legislature made Russian an official language, equal in status to Kyrgyz
Latvia Latvia Latvian (official) 58.2%, Russian 37.5%, Lithuanian and other 4.3% (2000 census) Latvian (official), Lithuanian, Russian, other
Lithuania Lithuania Lithuanian (official) 82%, Russian 8%, Polish 5.6%, other and unspecified 4.4% (2001 census) Lithuanian (official), Polish, Russian
Macau Macau Cantonese 87.9%, Hokkien 4.4%, Mandarin 1.6%, other Chinese dialects 3.1%, other 3% (2001 census) Portuguese, Chinese (Cantonese)
Macedonia Macedonia Macedonian 66.5%, Albanian 25.1%, Turkish 3.5%, Roma 1.9%, Serbian 1.2%, other 1.8% (2002 census) -
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of - Macedonian 70%, Albanian 21%, Turkish 3%, Serbo-Croatian 3%, other 3%
Malawi Malawi Chichewa 57.2% (official), Chinyanja 12.8%, Chiyao 10.1%, Chitumbuka 9.5%, Chisena 2.7%, Chilomwe 2.4%, Chitonga 1.7%, other 3.6% (1998 census) English (official), Chichewa (official), other languages important regionally
Malaysia Malaysia Bahasa Melayu (official), English, Chinese (Cantonese, Mandarin, Hokkien, Hakka, Hainan, Foochow), Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Panjabi, Thai


note: in East Malaysia there are several indigenous languages; most widely spoken are Iban and Kadazan
Bahasa Melayu (official), English, Chinese dialects (Cantonese, Mandarin, Hokkien, Hakka, Hainan, Foochow), Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Panjabi, Thai; note - in addition, in East Malaysia several indigenous languages are spoken, the largest are Iban and Kadazan
Marshall Islands Marshall Islands Marshallese 98.2%, other languages 1.8% (1999 census)


note: English widely spoken as a second language; both Marshallese and English are official languages
English (widely spoken as a second language, both English and Marshallese are official languages), two major Marshallese dialects from the Malayo-Polynesian family, Japanese
Mauritania Mauritania Arabic (official), Pulaar, Soninke, French, Hassaniya, Wolof Hassaniya Arabic (official), Pulaar, Soninke, Wolof (official), French
Mauritius Mauritius Creole 80.5%, Bhojpuri 12.1%, French 3.4%, English (official; spoken by less than 1% of the population), other 3.7%, unspecified 0.3% (2000 census) English (official), Creole, French (official), Hindi, Urdu, Hakka, Bhojpuri
Montenegro Montenegro Serbian (Ijekavian dialect - official), Bosnian, Albanian, Croatian -
Mozambique Mozambique Emakhuwa 26.1%, Xichangana 11.3%, Portuguese 8.8% (official; spoken by 27% of population as a second language), Elomwe 7.6%, Cisena 6.8%, Echuwabo 5.8%, other Mozambican languages 32%, other foreign languages 0.3%, unspecified 1.3% (1997 census) Portuguese (official), indigenous dialects
Namibia Namibia English 7% (official), Afrikaans common language of most of the population and about 60% of the white population, German 32%, indigenous languages (Oshivambo, Herero, Nama) English 7% (official), Afrikaans common language of most of the population and about 60% of the white population, German 32%, indigenous languages: Oshivambo, Herero, Nama
Nepal Nepal Nepali 47.8%, Maithali 12.1%, Bhojpuri 7.4%, Tharu (Dagaura/Rana) 5.8%, Tamang 5.1%, Newar 3.6%, Magar 3.3%, Awadhi 2.4%, other 10%, unspecified 2.5% (2001 census)


note: many in government and business also speak English
Nepali (official; spoken by 90% of the population), about a dozen other languages and about 30 major dialects; note - many in government and business also speak English (1995)
Netherlands Netherlands Dutch (official), Frisian (official) Dutch (official language), Frisian (official language)
Netherlands Antilles Netherlands Antilles Papiamento 65.4% (a Spanish-Portuguese-Dutch-English dialect), English 15.9% (widely spoken), Dutch 7.3% (official), Spanish 6.1%, Creole 1.6%, other 1.9%, unspecified 1.8% (2001 census) Dutch (official), Papiamento (a Spanish-Portuguese-Dutch-English dialect) predominates, English widely spoken, Spanish
Nicaragua Nicaragua Spanish 97.5% (official), Miskito 1.7%, other 0.8% (1995 census)


note: English and indigenous languages on Atlantic coast
Spanish (official)


note: English and indigenous languages on Atlantic coast
Northern Mariana Islands Northern Mariana Islands Philippine languages 24.4%, Chinese 23.4%, Chamorro 22.4%, English 10.8%, other Pacific island languages 9.5%, other 9.6% (2000 census) English, Chamorro, Carolinian


note: 86% of population speaks a language other than English at home
Norway Norway Bokmal Norwegian (official), Nynorsk Norwegian (official), small Sami- and Finnish-speaking minorities; note - Sami is official in six municipalities Norwegian (official)


note: small Sami- and Finnish-speaking minorities
Palau Palau Palauan 64.7% official in all islands except Sonsoral (Sonsoralese and English are official), Tobi (Tobi and English are official), and Angaur (Angaur, Japanese, and English are official), Filipino 13.5%, English 9.4%, Chinese 5.7%, Carolinian 1.5%, Japanese 1.5%, other Asian 2.3%, other languages 1.5% (2000 census) English and Palauan official in all states except Sonsoral (Sonsoralese and English are official), Tobi (Tobi and English are official), and Angaur (Angaur, Japanese, and English are official)
Panama Panama Spanish (official), English 14%; note - many Panamanians bilingual Spanish (official), English 14%


note: many Panamanians bilingual
Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea Melanesian Pidgin serves as the lingua franca, English spoken by 1%-2%, Motu spoken in Papua region


note: 820 indigenous languages spoken (over one-tenth of the world's total)
English spoken by 1%-2%, pidgin English widespread, Motu spoken in Papua region


note: 715 indigenous languages
Peru Peru Spanish (official), Quechua (official), Aymara, and a large number of minor Amazonian languages Spanish (official), Quechua (official), Aymara
Philippines Philippines two official languages - Filipino (based on Tagalog) and English; eight major dialects - Tagalog, Cebuano, Ilocano, Hiligaynon or Ilonggo, Bicol, Waray, Pampango, and Pangasinan two official languages - Filipino (based on Tagalog) and English; eight major dialects - Tagalog, Cebuano, Ilocan, Hiligaynon or Ilonggo, Bicol, Waray, Pampango, and Pangasinense
Poland Poland Polish 97.8%, other and unspecified 2.2% (2002 census) Polish
Russia Russia Russian, many minority languages Russian, other
Serbia Serbia Serbian (official nationwide); Romanian, Hungarian, Slovak, Ukrainian, and Croatian (all official in Vojvodina); Albanian (official in Kosovo) -
Serbia and Montenegro Serbia and Montenegro - Serbian 95%, Albanian 5%
Seychelles Seychelles Creole 91.8%, English 4.9% (official), other 3.1%, unspecified 0.2% (2002 census) English (official), French (official), Creole
Singapore Singapore Mandarin 35%, English 23%, Malay 14.1%, Hokkien 11.4%, Cantonese 5.7%, Teochew 4.9%, Tamil 3.2%, other Chinese dialects 1.8%, other 0.9% (2000 census) Chinese (official), Malay (official and national), Tamil (official), English (official)
Slovakia Slovakia Slovak (official) 83.9%, Hungarian 10.7%, Roma 1.8%, Ukrainian 1%, other or unspecified 2.6% (2001 census) Slovak (official), Hungarian
Slovenia Slovenia Slovenian 91.1%, Serbo-Croatian 4.5%, other or unspecified 4.4% (2002 census) Slovenian 91%, Serbo-Croatian 6%, other 3%
South Africa South Africa IsiZulu 23.8%, IsiXhosa 17.6%, Afrikaans 13.3%, Sepedi 9.4%, English 8.2%, Setswana 8.2%, Sesotho 7.9%, Xitsonga 4.4%, other 7.2% (2001 census) 11 official languages, including Afrikaans, English, Ndebele, Pedi, Sotho, Swazi, Tsonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa, Zulu
Spain Spain Castilian Spanish 74%, Catalan 17%, Galician 7%, Basque 2%; note - Castilian is the official language nationwide; the other languages are official regionally Castilian Spanish 74%, Catalan 17%, Galician 7%, Basque 2%


note: Castilian is the official language nationwide; the other languages are official regionally
Svalbard Svalbard Norwegian, Russian Russian, Norwegian
Sweden Sweden Swedish, small Sami- and Finnish-speaking minorities Swedish


note: small Sami- and Finnish-speaking minorities
Switzerland Switzerland German (official) 63.7%, French (official) 20.4%, Italian (official) 6.5%, Serbo-Croatian 1.5%, Albanian 1.3%, Portuguese 1.2%, Spanish 1.1%, English 1%, Romansch 0.5%, other 2.8% (2000 census)


note: German, French, Italian, and Romansch are all national languages, but only the first three are official languages
German (official) 63.7%, French (official) 19.2%, Italian (official) 7.6%, Romansch (official) 0.6%, other 8.9%
Tanzania Tanzania Kiswahili or Swahili (official), Kiunguja (name for Swahili in Zanzibar), English (official, primary language of commerce, administration, and higher education), Arabic (widely spoken in Zanzibar), many local languages


note: Kiswahili (Swahili) is the mother tongue of the Bantu people living in Zanzibar and nearby coastal Tanzania; although Kiswahili is Bantu in structure and origin, its vocabulary draws on a variety of sources, including Arabic and English, and it has become the lingua franca of central and eastern Africa; the first language of most people is one of the local languages
Kiswahili or Swahili (official), Kiunguju (name for Swahili in Zanzibar), English (official, primary language of commerce, administration, and higher education), Arabic (widely spoken in Zanzibar), many local languages


note: Kiswahili (Swahili) is the mother tongue of the Bantu people living in Zanzibar and nearby coastal Tanzania; although Kiswahili is Bantu in structure and origin, its vocabulary draws on a variety of sources, including Arabic and English, and it has become the lingua franca of central and eastern Africa; the first language of most people is one of the local languages
Turkey Turkey Turkish (official), Kurdish, Dimli (or Zaza), Azeri, Kabardian


note: there is also a substantial Gagauz population in the Europe part of Turkey
Turkish (official), Kurdish, Arabic, Armenian, Greek
Ukraine Ukraine Ukrainian (official) 67%, Russian 24%, small Romanian-, Polish-, and Hungarian-speaking minorities Ukrainian, Russian, Romanian, Polish, Hungarian
United States United States English 82.1%, Spanish 10.7%, other Indo-European 3.8%, Asian and Pacific island 2.7%, other 0.7% (2000 census) English, Spanish (spoken by a sizable minority)
Vanuatu Vanuatu local languages (more than 100) 72.6%, pidgin (known as Bislama or Bichelama) 23.1%, English 1.9%, French 1.4%, other 0.3%, unspecified 0.7% (1999 Census) three official languages: English, French, pidgin (known as Bislama or Bichelama), plus more than 100 local languages
Virgin Islands Virgin Islands English 74.7%, Spanish or Spanish Creole 16.8%, French or French Creole 6.6%, other 1.9% (2000 census) English (official), Spanish, Creole
Wallis and Futuna Wallis and Futuna Wallisian 58.9% (indigenous Polynesian language), Futunian 30.1%, French 10.8%, other 0.2% (2003 census) French, Wallisian (indigenous Polynesian language)
World World Mandarin Chinese 13.69%, Spanish 5.05%, English 4.84%, Hindi 2.82%, Portuguese 2.77%, Bengali 2.68%, Russian 2.27%, Japanese 1.99%, Standard German 1.49%, Wu Chinese 1.21% (2004 est.)


note: percents are for "first language" speakers only
Chinese, Mandarin 14.37%, Hindi 6.02%, English 5.61%, Spanish 5.59%, Bengali 3.4%, Portuguese 2.63%, Russian 2.75%, Japanese 2.06%, German, Standard 1.64%, Korean 1.28%, French 1.27% (2000 est.)


note: percents are for "first language" speakers only
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