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Compare Languages (2002) - Languages (2005)

Compare Languages (2002) with Languages (2005)

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  Languages (2002)Languages (2005)
Afghanistan Afghanistan Pashtu 35%, Afghan Persian (Dari) 50%, Turkic languages (primarily Uzbek and Turkmen) 11%, 30 minor languages (primarily Balochi and Pashai) 4%, much bilingualism Afghan Persian or Dari (official) 50%, Pashtu (official) 35%, Turkic languages (primarily Uzbek and Turkmen) 11%, 30 minor languages (primarily Balochi and Pashai) 4%, much bilingualism
Akrotiri Akrotiri - English, Greek
Albania Albania Albanian (Tosk is the official dialect), Greek Albanian (official - derived from Tosk dialect), Greek, Vlach, Romani, Slavic dialects
American Samoa American Samoa Samoan (closely related to Hawaiian and other Polynesian languages), English


note: most people are bilingual
Samoan 90.6% (closely related to Hawaiian and other Polynesian languages), English 2.9%, Tongan 2.4%, other Pacific islander 2.1%, other 2%


note: most people are bilingual (2000 census)
Armenia Armenia Armenian 96%, Russian 2%, other 2% Armenian 97.7%, Yezidi 1%, Russian 0.9%, other 0.4% (2001 census)
Australia Australia English, native languages English 79.1%, Chinese 2.1%, Italian 1.9%, other 11.1%, unspecified 5.8% (2001 Census)
Austria Austria German German (official nationwide), Slovene (official in Carinthia), Croatian (official in Burgenland), Hungarian (official in Burgenland)
Bahamas, The Bahamas, The English, Creole (among Haitian immigrants) English (official), Creole (among Haitian immigrants)
Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina Croatian, Serbian, Bosnian Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian
Botswana Botswana English (official), Setswana Setswana 78.2%, Kalanga 7.9%, Sekgalagadi 2.8%, English 2.1% (official), other 8.6%, unspecified 0.4% (2001 census)
Bulgaria Bulgaria Bulgarian, secondary languages closely correspond to ethnic breakdown Bulgarian 84.5%, Turkish 9.6%, Roma 4.1%, other and unspecified 1.8% (2001 census)
Canada Canada English 59.3% (official), French 23.2% (official), other 17.5% English (official) 59.3%, French (official) 23.2%, other 17.5%
Congo, Republic of the Congo, Republic of the French (official), Lingala and Monokutuba (lingua franca trade languages), many local languages and dialects (of which Kikongo has the most users) French (official), Lingala and Monokutuba (lingua franca trade languages), many local languages and dialects (of which Kikongo is the most widespread)
Costa Rica Costa Rica Spanish (official), English spoken around Puerto Limon Spanish (official), English
Croatia Croatia Croatian 96%, other 4% (including Italian, Hungarian, Czech, Slovak, and German) Croatian 96.1%, Serbian 1%, other and undesignated 2.9% (including Italian, Hungarian, Czech, Slovak, and German) (2001 census)
Dhekelia Dhekelia - English, Greek
East Timor East Timor Tetum (official), Portuguese (official), Indonesian, English


note: there are a total of about 16 indigenous languages, of which Tetum, Galole, Mambae, and Kemak are spoken by significant numbers of people
Tetum (official), Portuguese (official), Indonesian, English


note: there are about 16 indigenous languages; Tetum, Galole, Mambae, and Kemak are spoken by significant numbers of people
Eritrea Eritrea Afar, Amharic, Arabic, Tigre and Kunama, Tigrinya, other Cushitic languages Afar, Arabic, Tigre and Kunama, Tigrinya, other Cushitic languages
Estonia Estonia Estonian (official), Russian, Ukrainian, Finnish, other Estonian (official) 67.3%, Russian 29.7%, other 2.3%, unknown 0.7% (2000 census)
European Union European Union - Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, Estonian, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Hungarian, Italian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Maltese, Polish, Portuguese, Slovak, Slovene, Spanish, Swedish; note - only official languages are listed; Irish (Gaelic) will become the twenty-first language on 1 January 2007
Finland Finland Finnish 93.4% (official), Swedish 5.9% (official), small Lapp- and Russian-speaking minorities Finnish 92% (official), Swedish 5.6% (official), other 2.4% (small Sami- and Russian-speaking minorities) (2003)
French Polynesia French Polynesia French (official), Tahitian (official) French 61.1% (official), Polynesian 31.4% (official), Asian languages 1.2%, other 0.3%, unspecified 6% (2002 census)
Guam Guam English, Chamorro, Japanese English 38.3%, Chamorro 22.2%, Philippine languages 22.2%, other Pacific island languages 6.8%, Asian languages 7%, other languages 3.5% (2000 census)
Hungary Hungary Hungarian 98.2%, other 1.8% Hungarian 93.6%, other or unspecified 6.4% (2001 census)
Ireland Ireland English is the language generally used, Irish (Gaelic) spoken mainly in areas located along the western seaboard English (official) is the language generally used, Irish (official) (Gaelic or Gaeilge) spoken mainly in areas located along the western seaboard
Jersey Jersey English (official), French (official), Norman-French dialect spoken in country districts English 94.5% (official), Portuguese 4.6%, other 0.9% (2001 census)
Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyz - official language, Russian - official language


note: in December 2001, the Kyrgyzstani legislature made Russian an official language, equal in status to Kyrgyz
Kyrgyz (official), Russian (official)
Latvia Latvia Latvian (official), Lithuanian, Russian, other Latvian (official) 58.2%, Russian 37.5%, Lithuanian and other 4.3% (2000 census)
Lithuania Lithuania Lithuanian (official), Polish, Russian Lithuanian (official) 82%, Russian 8%, Polish 5.6%, other and unspecified 4.4% (2001 census)
Macau Macau Portuguese, Chinese (Cantonese) Cantonese 87.9%, Hokkien 4.4%, Mandarin 1.6%, other Chinese dialects 3.1%, other 3% (2001 census)
Macedonia Macedonia - Macedonian 66.5%, Albanian 25.1%, Turkish 3.5%, Roma 1.9%, Serbian 1.2%, other 1.8% (2002 census)
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonian 70%, Albanian 21%, Turkish 3%, Serbo-Croatian 3%, other 3% -
Malawi Malawi English (official), Chichewa (official), other languages important regionally Chichewa 57.2% (official), Chinyanja 12.8%, Chiyao 10.1%, Chitumbuka 9.5%, Chisena 2.7%, Chilomwe 2.4%, Chitonga 1.7%, other 3.6% (1998 census)
Malaysia Malaysia Bahasa Melayu (official), English, Chinese dialects (Cantonese, Mandarin, Hokkien, Hakka, Hainan, Foochow), Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Panjabi, Thai; note - in addition, in East Malaysia several indigenous languages are spoken, the largest of which are Iban and Kadazan Bahasa Melayu (official), English, Chinese dialects (Cantonese, Mandarin, Hokkien, Hakka, Hainan, Foochow), Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Panjabi, Thai


note: in addition, in East Malaysia several indigenous languages are spoken, the largest are Iban and Kadazan
Marshall Islands Marshall Islands English (widely spoken as a second language, both English and Marshallese are official languages), two major Marshallese dialects from the Malayo-Polynesian family, Japanese Marshallese 98.2%, other languages 1.8% (1999 census)


note: English widely spoken as a second language; both Marshallese and English are official languages
Mauritania Mauritania Hassaniya Arabic (official), Pulaar, Soninke, Wolof (official), French Arabic (official), Pulaar, Soninke, French, Hassaniya, Wolof
Mauritius Mauritius English (official), Creole, French (official), Hindi, Urdu, Hakka, Bhojpuri Creole 80.5%, Bhojpuri 12.1%, French 3.4% (official), other 3.7%, unspecified 0.3% (2000 census)
Moldova Moldova Moldovan (official, virtually the same as the Romanian language), Russian (official), Gagauz (a Turkish dialect) Moldovan (official, virtually the same as the Romanian language), Russian, Gagauz (a Turkish dialect)
Mozambique Mozambique Portuguese (official), indigenous dialects Emakhuwa 26.1%, Xichangana 11.3%, Portuguese 8.8% (official; spoken by 27% of population as a second language), Elomwe 7.6%, Cisena 6.8%, Echuwabo 5.8%, other Mozambican languages 32%, other foreign languages 0.3%, unspecified 1.3% (1997 census)
Nepal Nepal Nepali (official; spoken by 90% of the population), about a dozen other languages and about 30 major dialects; note - many in government and business also speak English (1995) Nepali 47.8%, Maithali 12.1%, Bhojpuri 7.4%, Tharu (Dagaura/Rana) 5.8%, Tamang 5.1%, Newar 3.6%, Magar 3.3%, Awadhi 2.4%, other 10%, unspecified 2.5% (2001 census)


note: many in government and business also speak English
Netherlands Netherlands Dutch Dutch (official), Frisian (official)
Netherlands Antilles Netherlands Antilles Dutch (official), Papiamento (a Spanish-Portuguese-Dutch-English dialect) predominates, English widely spoken, Spanish Papiamento 65.4% (a Spanish-Portuguese-Dutch-English dialect), English 15.9% (widely spoken), Dutch 7.3% (official), Spanish 6.1%, Creole 1.6%, other 1.9%, unspecified 1.8% (2001 census)
Nicaragua Nicaragua Spanish (official)


note: English and indigenous languages on Atlantic coast
Spanish 97.5% (official), Miskito 1.7%, other 0.8% (1995 census)


note: English and indigenous languages on Atlantic coast
Northern Mariana Islands Northern Mariana Islands English, Chamorro, Carolinian


note: 86% of population speaks a language other than English at home
Philippine languages 24.4%, Chinese 23.4%, Chamorro 22.4%, English 10.8%, other Pacific island languages 9.5%, other 9.6% (2000 census)
Norway Norway Norwegian (official)


note: small Sami- and Finnish-speaking minorities
Bokmal Norwegian (official), Nynorsk Norwegian (official), small Sami- and Finnish-speaking minorities
Palau Palau English and Palauan official in all states except Sonsoral (Sonsorolese and English are official), Tobi (Tobi and English are official), and Angaur (Angaur, Japanese, and English are official) Palauan 64.7% official in all islands except Sonsoral (Sonsoralese and English are official), Tobi (Tobi and English are official), and Angaur (Angaur, Japanese, and English are official), Filipino 13.5%, English 9.4%, Chinese 5.7%, Carolinian 1.5%, Japanese 1.5%, other Asian 2.3%, other languages 1.5% (2000 census)
Panama Panama Spanish (official), English 14%


note: many Panamanians bilingual
Spanish (official), English 14%; note - many Panamanians bilingual
Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea English spoken by 1%-2%, pidgin English widespread, Motu spoken in Papua region


note: 715 indigenous languages
Melanesian Pidgin serves as the lingua franca, English spoken by 1%-2%, Motu spoken in Papua region


note: 715 indigenous languages - many unrelated
Peru Peru Spanish (official), Quechua (official), Aymara Spanish (official), Quechua (official), Aymara, and a large number of minor Amazonian languages
Philippines Philippines two official languages - Filipino (based on Tagalog) and English; eight major dialects - Tagalog, Cebuano, Ilocan, Hiligaynon or Ilonggo, Bicol, Waray, Pampango, and Pangasinense two official languages - Filipino (based on Tagalog) and English; eight major dialects - Tagalog, Cebuano, Ilocano, Hiligaynon or Ilonggo, Bicol, Waray, Pampango, and Pangasinan
Poland Poland Polish Polish 97.8%, other and unspecified 2.2% (2002 census)
Portugal Portugal Portuguese Portuguese (official), Mirandese (official - but locally used)
Romania Romania Romanian, Hungarian, German Romanian (official), Hungarian, German
Russia Russia Russian, other Russian, many minority languages
Seychelles Seychelles English (official), French (official), Creole Creole 91.8%, English 4.9% (official), other 3.1%, unspecified 0.2% (2002 census)
Singapore Singapore Chinese (official), Malay (official and national), Tamil (official), English (official) Mandarin 35%, English 23%, Malay 14.1%, Hokkien 11.4%, Cantonese 5.7%, Teochew 4.9%, Tamil 3.2%, other Chinese dialects 1.8%, other 0.9% (2000 census)
Slovakia Slovakia Slovak (official), Hungarian Slovak (official) 83.9%, Hungarian 10.7%, Roma 1.8%, Ukrainian 1%, other or unspecified 2.6% (2001 census)
Slovenia Slovenia Slovenian 91%, Serbo-Croatian 6%, other 3% Slovenian 91.1%, Serbo-Croatian 4.5%, other or unspecified 4.4% (2002 census)
South Africa South Africa 11 official languages, including Afrikaans, English, Ndebele, Pedi, Sotho, Swazi, Tsonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa, Zulu IsiZulu 23.8%, IsiXhosa 17.6%, Afrikaans 13.3%, Sepedi 9.4%, English 8.2%, Setswana 8.2%, Sesotho 7.9%, Xitsonga 4.4%, other 7.2% (2001 census)
Spain Spain Castilian Spanish (official) 74%, Catalan 17%, Galician 7%, Basque 2% Castilian Spanish 74%, Catalan 17%, Galician 7%, Basque 2%; note - Castilian is the official language nationwide; the other languages are official regionally
Svalbard Svalbard Russian, Norwegian Norwegian, Russian
Sweden Sweden Swedish


note: small Sami- and Finnish-speaking minorities
Swedish, small Sami- and Finnish-speaking minorities
Switzerland Switzerland German (official) 63.7%, French (official) 19.2%, Italian (official) 7.6%, Romansch 0.6%, other 8.9% German (official) 63.7%, French (official) 20.4%, Italian (official) 6.5%, Serbo-Croatian 1.5%, Albanian 1.3%, Portuguese 1.2%, Spanish 1.1%, English 1%, Romansch 0.5%, other 2.8% (2000 census)


note: German, French, Italian, and Romansch are all national languages, but only the first three are official languages
Tanzania Tanzania Kiswahili or Swahili (official), Kiunguju (name for Swahili in Zanzibar), English (official, primary language of commerce, administration, and higher education), Arabic (widely spoken in Zanzibar), many local languages


note: Kiswahili (Swahili) is the mother tongue of the Bantu people living in Zanzibar and nearby coastal Tanzania; although Kiswahili is Bantu in structure and origin, its vocabulary draws on a variety of sources, including Arabic and English, and it has become the lingua franca of central and eastern Africa; the first language of most people is one of the local languages
Kiswahili or Swahili (official), Kiunguja (name for Swahili in Zanzibar), English (official, primary language of commerce, administration, and higher education), Arabic (widely spoken in Zanzibar), many local languages


note: Kiswahili (Swahili) is the mother tongue of the Bantu people living in Zanzibar and nearby coastal Tanzania; although Kiswahili is Bantu in structure and origin, its vocabulary draws on a variety of sources, including Arabic and English, and it has become the lingua franca of central and eastern Africa; the first language of most people is one of the local languages
Ukraine Ukraine Ukrainian, Russian, Romanian, Polish, Hungarian Ukrainian (official) 67%, Russian 24%; small Romanian-, Polish-, and Hungarian-speaking minorities
United States United States English, Spanish (spoken by a sizable minority) English 82.1%, Spanish 10.7%, other Indo-European 3.8%, Asian and Pacific island 2.7%, other 0.7% (2000 census)
Vanuatu Vanuatu three official languages: English, French, pidgin (known as Bislama or Bichelama), plus more than 100 local languages local languages (more than 100) 72.6%, pidgin (known as Bislama or Bichelama) 23.1%, English 1.9%, French 1.4%, other 0.3%, unspecified 0.7% (1999 Census)
Virgin Islands Virgin Islands English (official), Spanish, Creole English 74.7%, Spanish or Spanish Creole 16.8%, French or French Creole 6.6%, other 1.9% (2000 census)
Wallis and Futuna Wallis and Futuna French, Wallisian (indigenous Polynesian language) Wallisian 58.9% (indigenous Polynesian language), Futunian 30.1%, French 10.8%, other 0.2% (2003 census)
World World Chinese, Mandarin 14.37%, Hindi 6.02%, English 5.61%, Spanish 5.59%, Bengali 3.4%, Portuguese 2.63%, Russian 2.75%, Japanese 2.06%, German, Standard 1.64%, Korean 1.28%, French 1.27% (2000 est.)


note: percents are for "first language" speakers only
Chinese, Mandarin 13.69%, Spanish 5.05%, English 4.84%, Hindi 2.82%, Portuguese 2.77%, Bengali 2.68%, Russian 2.27%, Japanese 1.99%, German, Standard 1.49%, Chinese, Wu 1.21% (2004 est.)


note: percents are for "first language" speakers only
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