Climate (2003) | Climate (2007) | ||
Akrotiri | - | temperate; Mediterranean with hot, dry summers and cool winters | |
American Samoa | tropical marine, moderated by southeast trade winds; annual rainfall averages about 3 m; rainy season from November to April, dry season from May to October; little seasonal temperature variation | tropical marine, moderated by southeast trade winds; annual rainfall averages about 3 m; rainy season (November to April), dry season (May to October); little seasonal temperature variation | |
Antigua and Barbuda | tropical marine; little seasonal temperature variation | tropical maritime; little seasonal temperature variation | |
Austria | temperate; continental, cloudy; cold winters with frequent rain in lowlands and snow in mountains; cool summers with occasional showers | temperate; continental, cloudy; cold winters with frequent rain and some snow in lowlands and snow in mountains; moderate summers with occasional showers | |
Bassas da India | tropical | - | |
Burundi | equatorial; high plateau with considerable altitude variation (772 m to 2,670 m above sea level); average annual temperature varies with altitude from 23 to 17 degrees centigrade but is generally moderate as the average altitude is about 1,700 m; average annual rainfall is about 150 cm; wet seasons from February to May and September to November, and dry seasons from June to August and December to January | equatorial; high plateau with considerable altitude variation (772 m to 2,670 m above sea level); average annual temperature varies with altitude from 23 to 17 degrees centigrade but is generally moderate as the average altitude is about 1,700 m; average annual rainfall is about 150 cm; two wet seasons (February to May and September to November), and two dry seasons (June to August and December to January) | |
Christmas Island | tropical; heat and humidity moderated by trade winds | tropical with a wet season (December to April) and dry season; heat and humidity moderated by trade winds | |
Clipperton Island | tropical; humid, average temperature 20-32 degrees C, rains May-October | tropical; humid, average temperature 20-32 degrees C, wet season (May to October) | |
Congo, Democratic Republic of the | tropical; hot and humid in equatorial river basin; cooler and drier in southern highlands; cooler and wetter in eastern highlands; north of Equator - wet season April to October, dry season December to February; south of Equator - wet season November to March, dry season April to October | tropical; hot and humid in equatorial river basin; cooler and drier in southern highlands; cooler and wetter in eastern highlands; north of Equator - wet season (April to October), dry season (December to February); south of Equator - wet season (November to March), dry season (April to October) | |
Congo, Republic of the | tropical; rainy season (March to June); dry season (June to October); constantly high temperatures and humidity; particularly enervating climate astride the Equator | tropical; rainy season (March to June); dry season (June to October); persistent high temperatures and humidity; particularly enervating climate astride the Equator | |
Cook Islands | tropical; moderated by trade winds | tropical oceanic; moderated by trade winds; a dry season from April to November and a more humid season from December to March | |
Dhekelia | - | temperate; Mediterranean with hot, dry summers and cool winters | |
East Timor | tropical; hot, humid; distinct rainy and dry seasons | - | |
Eritrea | hot, dry desert strip along Red Sea coast; cooler and wetter in the central highlands (up to 61 cm of rainfall annually); semiarid in western hills and lowlands; rainfall heaviest during June-September except in coastal desert | hot, dry desert strip along Red Sea coast; cooler and wetter in the central highlands (up to 61 cm of rainfall annually, heaviest June to September); semiarid in western hills and lowlands | |
Europa Island | tropical | - | |
European Union | - | cold temperate; potentially subarctic in the north to temperate; mild wet winters; hot dry summers in the south | |
Finland | cold temperate; potentially subarctic, but comparatively mild because of moderating influence of the North Atlantic Current, Baltic Sea, and more than 60,000 lakes | cold temperate; potentially subarctic but comparatively mild because of moderating influence of the North Atlantic Current, Baltic Sea, and more than 60,000 lakes | |
France | generally cool winters and mild summers, but mild winters and hot summers along the Mediterranean; occasional strong, cold, dry, north-to-northwesterly wind known as mistral | metropolitan France: generally cool winters and mild summers, but mild winters and hot summers along the Mediterranean; occasional strong, cold, dry, north-to-northwesterly wind known as mistral
French Guiana: tropical; hot, humid; little seasonal temperature variation Guadeloupe and Martinique: subtropical tempered by trade winds; moderately high humidity; rainy season (June to October); vulnerable to devastating cyclones (hurricanes) every eight years on average Reunion: tropical, but temperature moderates with elevation; cool and dry (May to November), hot and rainy (November to April) |
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French Guiana | tropical; hot, humid; little seasonal temperature variation | - | |
French Southern and Antarctic Lands | antarctic | Ile Amsterdam et Ile Saint-Paul: oceanic with persistent westerly winds and high humidity
Iles Crozet: windy, cold, wet, and cloudy Iles Kerguelen: oceanic, cold, overcast, windy Iles Eparses: tropical |
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Germany | temperate and marine; cool, cloudy, wet winters and summers; occasional warm foehn wind | temperate and marine; cool, cloudy, wet winters and summers; occasional warm mountain (foehn) wind | |
Glorioso Islands | tropical | - | |
Guadeloupe | subtropical tempered by trade winds; moderately high humidity | - | |
Guam | tropical marine; generally warm and humid, moderated by northeast trade winds; dry season from January to June, rainy season from July to December; little seasonal temperature variation | tropical marine; generally warm and humid, moderated by northeast trade winds; dry season (January to June), rainy season (July to December); little seasonal temperature variation | |
Guyana | tropical; hot, humid, moderated by northeast trade winds; two rainy seasons (May to mid-August, mid-November to mid-January) | tropical; hot, humid, moderated by northeast trade winds; two rainy seasons (May to August, November to January) | |
Holy See (Vatican City) | temperate; mild, rainy winters (September to mid-May) with hot, dry summers (May to September) | temperate; mild, rainy winters (September to May) with hot, dry summers (May to September) | |
Hong Kong | tropical monsoon; cool and humid in winter, hot and rainy from spring through summer, warm and sunny in fall | subtropical monsoon; cool and humid in winter, hot and rainy from spring through summer, warm and sunny in fall | |
Juan de Nova Island | tropical | - | |
Kingman Reef | tropical, but moderated by prevailing winds | tropical; moderated by prevailing winds | |
Macedonia | - | warm, dry summers and autumns; relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall | |
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of | warm, dry summers and autumns and relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall | - | |
Mali | subtropical to arid; hot and dry February to June; rainy, humid, and mild June to November; cool and dry November to February | subtropical to arid; hot and dry (February to June); rainy, humid, and mild (June to November); cool and dry (November to February) | |
Malta | Mediterranean with mild, rainy winters and hot, dry summers | Mediterranean; mild, rainy winters; hot, dry summers | |
Marshall Islands | wet season from May to November; hot and humid; islands border typhoon belt | tropical; hot and humid; wet season May to November; islands border typhoon belt | |
Martinique | tropical; moderated by trade winds; rainy season (June to October); vulnerable to devastating cyclones (hurricanes) every eight years on average; average temperature 17.3 degrees C; humid | - | |
Midway Islands | subtropical, but moderated by prevailing easterly winds | subtropical; moderated by prevailing easterly winds | |
Montenegro | - | Mediterranean climate, hot dry summers and autumns and relatively cold winters with heavy snowfalls inland | |
Nauru | tropical; monsoonal; rainy season (November to February) | tropical with a monsoonal pattern; rainy season (November to February) | |
Norfolk Island | subtropical, mild, little seasonal temperature variation | subtropical; mild, little seasonal temperature variation | |
Palau | wet season May to November; hot and humid | tropical; hot and humid; wet season May to November | |
Pitcairn Islands | tropical, hot, humid; modified by southeast trade winds; rainy season (November to March) | tropical; hot and humid; modified by southeast trade winds; rainy season (November to March) | |
Reunion | tropical, but temperature moderates with elevation; cool and dry from May to November, hot and rainy from November to April | - | |
Saint Barthelemy | - | tropical, with practically no variation in temperature; has two seasons (dry and humid) | |
Saint Helena | Saint Helena - tropical; marine; mild, tempered by trade winds; Tristan da Cunha - temperate; marine, mild, tempered by trade winds (tends to be cooler than Saint Helena) | Saint Helena: tropical marine; mild, tempered by trade winds
Ascension Island: tropical marine; mild, semi-arid Tristan da Cunha: temperate marine; mild, tempered by trade winds (tends to be cooler than Saint Helena) |
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Saint Kitts and Nevis | tropical tempered by constant sea breezes; little seasonal temperature variation; rainy season (May to November) | tropical, tempered by constant sea breezes; little seasonal temperature variation; rainy season (May to November) | |
Saint Lucia | tropical, moderated by northeast trade winds; dry season from January to April, rainy season from May to August | tropical, moderated by northeast trade winds; dry season January to April, rainy season May to August | |
Saint Martin | - | temperature averages 80-85 degrees all year long; low humidity, gentle trade winds, brief, intense rain showers; July-Novemeber is the hurricane season | |
Samoa | tropical; rainy season (October to March), dry season (May to October) | tropical; rainy season (November to April), dry season (May to October) | |
Serbia | - | in the north, continental climate (cold winters and hot, humid summers with well distributed rainfall); in other parts, continental and Mediterranean climate (relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall and hot, dry summers and autumns) | |
Serbia and Montenegro | in the north, continental climate (cold winters and hot, humid summers with well distributed rainfall); central portion, continental and Mediterranean climate; to the south, Adriatic climate along the coast, hot, dry summers and autumns and relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall inland | - | |
Singapore | tropical; hot, humid, rainy; two distinct monsoon seasons - Northeastern monsoon from December to March and Southwestern monsoon from June to September; inter-monsoon - frequent afternoon and early evening thunderstorms | tropical; hot, humid, rainy; two distinct monsoon seasons - Northeastern monsoon (December to March) and Southwestern monsoon (June to September); inter-monsoon - frequent afternoon and early evening thunderstorms | |
Somalia | principally desert; December to February - northeast monsoon, moderate temperatures in north and very hot in south; May to October - southwest monsoon, torrid in the north and hot in the south, irregular rainfall, hot and humid periods (tangambili) between monsoons | principally desert; northeast monsoon (December to February), moderate temperatures in north and hot in south; southwest monsoon (May to October), torrid in the north and hot in the south, irregular rainfall, hot and humid periods (tangambili) between monsoons | |
Timor-Leste | - | tropical; hot, humid; distinct rainy and dry seasons | |
Tromelin Island | tropical | - | |
United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges | - | Baker, Howland, and Jarvis Islands: equatorial; scant rainfall, constant wind, burning sun
Johnston Atoll and Kingman Reef: tropical, but generally dry; consistent northeast trade winds with little seasonal temperature variation Midway Islands: subtropical with cool, moist winters (December to February) and warm, dry summers (May to October); moderated by prevailing easterly winds; most of the 1,067 mm (42 in) of annual rainfall occurs during the winter Palmyra Atoll: equatorial, hot; located within the low pressure area of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) where the northeast and southeast trade winds meet, it is extremely wet with between 4,000-5,000 mm (160-200 in) of rainfall each year |
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Vanuatu | tropical; moderated by southeast trade winds | tropical; moderated by southeast trade winds from May to October; moderate rainfall from November to April; may be affected by cyclones from December to April | |
Vietnam | tropical in south; monsoonal in north with hot, rainy season (mid-May to mid-September) and warm, dry season (mid-October to mid-March) | tropical in south; monsoonal in north with hot, rainy season (May to September) and warm, dry season (October to March) | |
Virgin Islands | subtropical, tempered by easterly trade winds, relatively low humidity, little seasonal temperature variation; rainy season May to November | subtropical, tempered by easterly trade winds, relatively low humidity, little seasonal temperature variation; rainy season September to November | |
World | two large areas of polar climates separated by two rather narrow temperate zones form a wide equatorial band of tropical to subtropical climates | a wide equatorial band of hot and humid tropical climates - bordered north and south by subtropical temperate zones - that separate two large areas of cold and dry polar climates |