Compare Constitution (2001) - Constitution (2003)

Compare Constitution (2001) with Constitution (2003)

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	Constitution (2001)	Constitution (2003)
Afghanistan	none	the Bonn Agreement called for a Loya Jirga (Grand Council) to be convened within 18 months of the establishment of the Transitional Authority to draft a new constitution for the country; the basis for the next constitution is the 1964 Constitution, according to the Bonn Agreement
Albania	a new constitution was adopted by popular referendum on 28 November 1998; note - the opposition Democratic Party boycotted the vote	a constitution was adopted by popular referendum on 28 November 1998; note - the opposition Democratic Party boycotted the vote
Algeria	19 November 1976, effective 22 November 1976; revised 3 November 1988, 23 February 1989, and 28 November 1996; note - referendum approving the revisions of 28 November 1996 was signed into law 7 December 1996	19 November 1976, effective 22 November 1976; revised 3 November 1988, 23 February 1989, and 28 November 1996
Bahrain	adopted late December 2000 (new constitution calls for a partially elected legislature, a constitutional monarchy, and an independent judiciary)	adopted late December 2000; Bahrani voters approved on 13-14 February 2001 a referendum on legislative changes (revised constitution calls for a partially elected legislature, a constitutional monarchy, and an independent judiciary)
Bhutan	no written constitution or bill of rights; note - Bhutan uses 1953 Royal decree for the Constitution of the National Assembly; on 7 July 1998, a Royal edict was ratified giving the National Assembly additional powers	no written constitution or bill of rights; note - the King commissioned a committee to draft a constitution in 2001, but has yet to be approved
Bosnia and Herzegovina	the Dayton Agreement, signed 14 December 1995, included a new constitution now in force	the Dayton Agreement, signed 14 December 1995, included a new constitution now in force; note - each of the entities also has its own constitution
Cape Verde	new constitution came into force 25 September 1992; underwent a major revision on 23 November 1995, substantially increasing the powers of the president	new constitution came into force 25 September 1992; underwent a major revision on 23 November 1995, substantially increasing the powers of the president, and a further revision in 1999, to create the position of national ombudsman (Provedor de Justica)
Chad	passed by referendum 31 March 1995	passed by referendum 31 March 1996
Christmas Island	Christmas Island Act of 1958	NA
Comoros	20 October 1996	23 December 2001 note: a Transitional National Unity Government (GUNT) was formed on 20 January 2002 following the passing of the new constitution; the GUNT governed until the presidential elections on 14 April 2002
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	24 June 1967, amended August 1974, revised 15 February 1978, amended April 1990; transitional constitution promulgated in April 1994; in November 1998, a draft constitution was approved by former President Laurent KABILA but it has not been ratified by a national referendum	24 June 1967, amended August 1974, revised 15 February 1978, amended April 1990; transitional constitution promulgated in April 1994; in November 1998, a draft constitution was approved by former President Laurent KABILA but it was not ratified by a national referendum; one outcome of the ongoing inter-Congolese dialogue is to be a new constitution
Congo, Republic of the	Draft constitution approved by transitional parliament in September 2000	constitution approved by referendum 20 January 2002
Cuba	24 February 1976, amended July 1992	24 February 1976, amended July 1992 and June 2002
East Timor	-	22 March 2002 (based on the Portuguese model)
Fiji	10 October 1970 (suspended 1 October 1987); a new constitution was proposed on 23 September 1988 and promulgated on 25 July 1990; amended 25 July 1997 to allow nonethnic Fijians greater say in government and to make multiparty government mandatory; entered into force 28 July 1998; note - the May 1999 election was the first test of the amended constitution and introduced open voting - not racially prescribed - for the first time at the national level	promulgated on 25 July 1990 and amended on 25 July 1997 to allow nonethnic Fijians greater say in government and to make multiparty government mandatory; entered into force 28 July 1998; note - the May 1999 election was the first test of the amended constitution and introduced open voting - not racially prescribed - for the first time at the national level
Finland	17 July 1919	1 March 2000
France	28 September 1958, amended concerning election of president in 1962, amended to comply with provisions of EC Maastricht Treaty in 1992; amended to tighten immigration laws 1993	28 September 1958, amended concerning election of president in 1962, amended to comply with provisions of 1992 EC Maastricht Treaty, 1996 Amsterdam Treaty, 2000 Treaty of Nice; amended to tighten immigration laws 1993
Ghana	new constitution approved 28 April 1992	approved 28 April 1992
Greece	11 June 1975; amended March 1986	11 June 1975; amended March 1986 and April 2001
Iraq	22 September 1968, effective 16 July 1970 (provisional constitution); new constitution drafted in 1990 but not adopted	in transition following April 2003 defeat of SADDAM Husayn regime by US-led coalition
Kenya	12 December 1963, amended as a republic 1964; reissued with amendments 1979, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1991, 1992, and 1997	12 December 1963, amended as a republic 1964; reissued with amendments 1979, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1991, 1992, 1997, and 2001
Korea, South	25 February 1988	17 July 1948
Kyrgyzstan	adopted 5 May 1993; note - amendment proposed by President AKAYEV and passed in a national referendum on 10 February 1996 significantly expands the powers of the president at the expense of the legislature	adopted 5 May 1993; note - amendment proposed by President AKAYEV and passed in a national referendum on 2 February 2003 significantly expands the powers of the president at the expense of the legislature
Latvia	the 1991 Constitutional Law which supplements the 1922 constitution, provides for basic rights and freedoms	the 1991 Constitutional Law, which supplements the 1922 constitution, provides for basic rights and freedoms
Lebanon	23 May 1926, amended a number of times, most recently Charter of Lebanese National Reconciliation (Taif Accord) of October 1989	23 May 1926, amended a number of times, most recently Charter of Lebanese National Reconciliation (Ta'if Accord) of October 1989
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of	adopted 17 November 1991, effective 20 November 1991 note: Democratic Party for Albanians (DPA), which is now a member party of the government, is calling for a rewrite of the constitution to declare ethnic Albanians a constituent national group and allow for greater regional autonomy	adopted 17 November 1991, effective 20 November 1991 note: in November of 2001, the Macedonian Parliament approved a series of new constitutional amendments strengthening minority rights
Malta	1964 constitution substantially amended on 13 December 1974	1964 constitution substantially amended on 13 December 1974 and again in 1987
Nigeria	NA 1999 new constitution adopted	new constitution adopted May 1999
Pakistan	10 April 1973, suspended 5 July 1977, restored with amendments 30 December 1985; suspended 15 October 1999	10 April 1973, suspended 5 July 1977, restored with amendments 30 December 1985; suspended 15 October 1999, restored on 31 December 2002 note: selected provisions of the Constitution pertaining to changes President MUSHARRAF made while the Constitution was suspended, remain contested by political opponents
Qatar	provisional constitution enacted 19 April 1972; in July 1999 Amir HAMAD issued a decree forming a committee to draft a permanent constitution	provisional constitution enacted 19 April 1972; in July 1999 Amir HAMAD issued a decree forming a committee to draft a permanent constitution; in the 29 April 2003 referendum, 96.6% of Qatari voters approved the new constitution
Senegal	3 March 1963, revised 1991	a new constitution was adopted 7 January 2001
Serbia and Montenegro	-	4 February 2003
Somalia	25 August 1979, presidential approval 23 September 1979 note: the Transitional National Government formed in October 2000 has a mandate to create a new constitution and hold elections within three years	25 August 1979, presidential approval 23 September 1979 note: the Transitional National Government formed in August 2000 has a mandate to create a new constitution and hold elections within three years
Switzerland	29 May 1874	18 December 1998
Yugoslavia	27 April 1992	-