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Compare Angola (2001) - Tokelau (2004)

Compare Angola (2001) z Tokelau (2004)

 Angola (2001)Tokelau (2004)
 AngolaTokelau
Administrative divisions 18 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia); Bengo, Benguela, Bie, Cabinda, Cuando Cubango, Cuanza Norte, Cuanza Sul, Cunene, Huambo, Huila, Luanda, Lunda Norte, Lunda Sul, Malanje, Moxico, Namibe, Uige, Zaire none (territory of New Zealand)
Age structure 0-14 years:
43.31% (male 2,266,870; female 2,222,262)

15-64 years:
53.98% (male 2,847,089; female 2,748,091)

65 years and over:
2.71% (male 127,798; female 153,921) (2001 est.)
0-14 years: 42%


15-64 years: 53%


65 years and over: 5% (2004 est.)
Agriculture - products bananas, sugarcane, coffee, sisal, corn, cotton, manioc (tapioca), tobacco, vegetables, plantains; livestock; forest products; fish coconuts, copra, breadfruit, papayas, bananas; pigs, poultry, goats
Airports 247 (2000 est.) none; lagoon landings are possible by amphibious aircraft (2003 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total:
31

over 3,047 m:
4

2,438 to 3,047 m:
8

1,524 to 2,437 m:
12

914 to 1,523 m:
6

under 914 m:
1 (2000 est.)
-
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
216

over 3,047 m:
2

2,438 to 3,047 m:
5

1,524 to 2,437 m:
30

914 to 1,523 m:
96

under 914 m:
83 (2000 est.)
-
Area total:
1,246,700 sq km

land:
1,246,700 sq km

water:
0 sq km
total: 10 sq km


land: 10 sq km


water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative slightly less than twice the size of Texas about 17 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC
Background Civil war has been the norm in Angola since independence from Portugal in 1975. A 1994 peace accord between the government and the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) provided for the integration of former UNITA insurgents into the government and armed forces. A national unity government was installed in April of 1997, but serious fighting resumed in late 1998, rendering hundreds of thousands of people homeless. Up to 1.5 million lives may have been lost in fighting over the past quarter century. Originally settled by Polynesian emigrants from surrounding island groups, the Tokelau Islands were made a British protectorate in 1889. They were transferred to New Zealand administration in 1925.
Birth rate 46.54 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) NA births/1,000 population
Budget revenues:
$928 million

expenditures:
$2.5 billion, including capital expenditures of $963 million (1992 est.)
revenues: $430,800


expenditures: $2.8 million, including capital expenditures of $37,300 (1987 est.)
Capital Luanda none; each atoll has its own administrative center
Climate semiarid in south and along coast to Luanda; north has cool, dry season (May to October) and hot, rainy season (November to April) tropical; moderated by trade winds (April to November)
Coastline 1,600 km 101 km
Constitution 11 November 1975; revised 7 January 1978, 11 August 1980, 6 March 1991, and 26 August 1992 administered under the Tokelau Islands Act of 1948, as amended in 1970
Country name conventional long form:
Republic of Angola

conventional short form:
Angola

local long form:
Republica de Angola

local short form:
Angola

former:
People's Republic of Angola
conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Tokelau
Currency kwanza (AOA) New Zealand dollar (NZD)
Death rate 24.68 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) NA deaths/1,000 population
Debt - external $10.8 billion (2000 est.) $0
Dependency status - self-administering territory of New Zealand; note - Tokelauans are drafting a constitution and developing institutions and patterns of self-government as Tokelau moves toward free association with New Zealand
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Joseph G. SULLIVAN

embassy:
number 32 Rua Houari Boumeddienne, Luanda

mailing address:
international mail: Caixa Postal 6484, Luanda; pouch: American Embassy Luanda, Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-2550

telephone:
[244] (2) 345-481, 346-418

FAX:
[244] (2) 346-924
none (territory of New Zealand)
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Josefina Perpetua Pitra DIAKIDI

chancery:
1615 M Street, NW, Suite 900, Washington, DC 20036

telephone:
[1] (202) 785-1156

FAX:
[1] (202) 785-1258

consulate(s) general:
New York
none (territory of New Zealand)
Disputes - international none none
Economic aid - recipient $493.1 million (1995) from New Zealand about $4 million annually
Economy - overview Angola is an economy in disarray because of a quarter century of nearly continuous warfare. Despite its abundant natural resources, output per capita is among the world's lowest. Subsistence agriculture provides the main livelihood for 85% of the population. Oil production and the supporting activities are vital to the economy, contributing about 45% to GDP and 90% of exports. Violence continues, millions of land mines remain, and many farmers are reluctant to return to their fields. As a result, much of the country's food must still be imported. To fully take advantage of its rich resources - gold, diamonds, extensive forests, Atlantic fisheries, and large oil deposits - Angola will need to end its conflict and continue reforming government policies. Despite the increase in the pace of civil warfare in late 1998, the economy grew by an estimated 5% in 2000. The government introduced new currency denominations in 1999, including 1 and 5 kwanza notes. Internal strife discourages investment outside of the petroleum sector, which is producing roughly 800,000 barrels of oil per day. Angola has entered into a Staff Monitored Program (SMP) with the IMF. Continued growth depends on sharp cuts in inflation, further economic reform, and a lessening of fighting. Tokelau's small size (three villages), isolation, and lack of resources greatly restrain economic development and confine agriculture to the subsistence level. The people rely heavily on aid from New Zealand - about $4 million annually - to maintain public services, with annual aid being substantially greater than GDP. The principal sources of revenue come from sales of copra, postage stamps, souvenir coins, and handicrafts. Money is also remitted to families from relatives in New Zealand.
Electricity - consumption 1.372 billion kWh (1999) NA kWh
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (1999) -
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (1999) -
Electricity - production 1.475 billion kWh (1999) NA kWh
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
32.2%

hydro:
67.8%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
-
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Atlantic Ocean 0 m

highest point:
Morro de Moco 2,620 m
lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m


highest point: unnamed location 5 m
Environment - current issues overuse of pastures and subsequent soil erosion attributable to population pressures; desertification; deforestation of tropical rain forest, in response to both international demand for tropical timber and to domestic use as fuel, resulting in loss of biodiversity; soil erosion contributing to water pollution and siltation of rivers and dams; inadequate supplies of potable water very limited natural resources and overcrowding are contributing to emigration to New Zealand
Environment - international agreements party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection

signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements
-
Ethnic groups Ovimbundu 37%, Kimbundu 25%, Bakongo 13%, mestico (mixed European and Native African) 2%, European 1%, other 22% Polynesian
Exchange rates kwanza per US dollar - 17,910,800 (January 2001), 10,041,000 (2000), 2,790,706 (1999), 392,824 (1998), 229,040 (1997), 128,029 (1996); note - in December 1999 the kwanza was revalued with six zeroes dropped off the old value New Zealand dollars per US dollar - 1.7229 (2003), 2.154 (2002), 2.3776 (2001), 2.1863 (2000), 1.8886 (1999)
Executive branch chief of state:
President Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS (since 21 September 1979); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government

head of government:
President Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS (since 21 September 1979); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government

cabinet:
Council of Ministers appointed by the president

elections:
President DOS SANTOS originally elected (in 1979) without opposition under a one-party system and stood for reelection in Angola's first multiparty elections 29-30 September 1992 (next to be held NA)

election results:
DOS SANTOS 49.6%, Jonas SAVIMBI 40.1%, making a run-off election necessary; the run-off was not held and SAVIMBI's National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) repudiated the results of the first election; the civil war resumed
chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); the UK and New Zealand are represented by Administrator Neil WALTER (since NA 2002)


head of government: Aliki Faipule Kuresa NASAU (since 2004) note - position rotates annually among members of the cabinet


cabinet: the Council of Faipule, consisting of three elected leaders - one from each atoll - functions as a cabinet


elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; administrator appointed by the Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade in New Zealand; the head of government is chosen from the Council of Faipule and serves a one-year term
Exports $7.8 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.) $98,000 f.o.b. (1983)
Exports - commodities crude oil 90%, diamonds, refined petroleum products, gas, coffee, sisal, fish and fish products, timber, cotton stamps, copra, handicrafts
Exports - partners US 54%, South Korea 14%, Benelux 11%, China 7%, Taiwan 6% (1999) New Zealand (2000)
Fiscal year calendar year 1 April - 31 March
Flag description two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and black with a centered yellow emblem consisting of a five-pointed star within half a cogwheel crossed by a machete (in the style of a hammer and sickle) the flag of New Zealand is used
GDP purchasing power parity - $10.1 billion (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $1.5 million (1993 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
7%

industry:
60%

services:
33% (1999 est.)
agriculture: NA


industry: NA


services: NA
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $1,000 (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $1,000 (1993 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 4.9% (2000 est.) NA
Geographic coordinates 12 30 S, 18 30 E 9 00 S, 172 00 W
Geography - note Cabinda is separated from rest of country by the Democratic Republic of the Congo consists of three atolls, each with a lagoon surrounded by a number of reef-bound islets of varying length and rising to over three meters above sea level
Highways total:
76,626 km

paved:
19,156 km

unpaved:
57,470 km (1997)
total: NA km


paved: NA km


unpaved: NA km
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
lowest 10%: NA


highest 10%: NA
Illicit drugs increasingly used as a transshipment point for cocaine and heroin destined for Western Europe and other African states -
Imports $2.5 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.) $323,000 c.i.f. (1983)
Imports - commodities machinery and electrical equipment, vehicles and spare parts; medicines, food, textiles, military goods foodstuffs, building materials, fuel
Imports - partners South Korea 16%, Portugal 15%, US 13%, South Africa 10%, France 8% (1999) New Zealand (2000)
Independence 11 November 1975 (from Portugal) none (territory of New Zealand)
Industrial production growth rate NA% NA
Industries petroleum; diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, feldspar, bauxite, uranium, and gold; cement; basic metal products; fish processing; food processing; brewing; tobacco products; sugar; textiles small-scale enterprises for copra production, woodworking, plaited craft goods; stamps, coins; fishing
Infant mortality rate 193.72 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) total: NA


male: NA


female: NA
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 325% (2000 est.) NA
International organization participation ACP, AfDB, CCC, CEEAC, ECA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITU, NAM, OAS (observer), OAU, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO UNESCO (associate), UPU
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 1 (2000) -
Irrigated land 750 sq km (1993 est.) NA sq km
Judicial branch Supreme Court or Tribunal da Relacao (judges are appointed by the president) Supreme Court in New Zealand exercises civil and criminal jurisdiction in Tokelau
Labor force 5 million (1997 est.) NA
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 85%, industry and services 15% (1997 est.) -
Land boundaries total:
5,198 km

border countries:
Democratic Republic of the Congo 2,511 km (of which 220 km is the boundary of discontiguous Cabinda Province), Republic of the Congo 201 km, Namibia 1,376 km, Zambia 1,110 km
0 km
Land use arable land:
2%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
23%

forests and woodland:
43%

other:
32% (1993 est.)
arable land: 0% (soil is thin and infertile)


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (2001)
Languages Portuguese (official), Bantu and other African languages Tokelauan (a Polynesian language), English
Legal system based on Portuguese civil law system and customary law; recently modified to accommodate political pluralism and increased use of free markets New Zealand and local statutes
Legislative branch unicameral National Assembly or Assembleia Nacional (220 seats; members elected by proportional vote to serve four-year terms)

elections:
last held 29-30 September 1992 (next to be held NA)

election results:
percent of vote by party - MPLA 54%, UNITA 34%, others 12%; seats by party - MPLA 129, UNITA 70, PRS 6, FNLA 5, PLD 3, others 7
unicameral General Fono (48 seats; 15 members from each of the three islands elected by popular vote to serve three-year terms and the 3 island village mayors [pulenuku]); note - the Tokelau Amendment Act of 1996 confers limited legislative power on the General Fono
Life expectancy at birth total population:
38.59 years

male:
37.36 years

female:
39.87 years (2001 est.)
total population: NA years


male: 68 years


female: 70 years (2004 est.)
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
42%

male:
56%

female:
28% (1998 est.)
NA
Location Southern Africa, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Namibia and Democratic Republic of the Congo Oceania, group of three atolls in the South Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand
Map references Africa Oceania
Maritime claims contiguous zone:
24 NM

exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
territorial sea: 12 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Merchant marine total:
9 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 39,305 GRT/63,067 DWT

ships by type:
cargo 8, petroleum tanker 1 (2000 est.)
none
Military - note - defense is the responsibility of New Zealand
Military branches Army, Navy, Air and Air Defense Forces, National Police Force -
Military expenditures - dollar figure $1.2 billion (FY97) -
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 22% (1999) -
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49:
2,480,016 (2001 est.)
-
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49:
1,246,224 (2001 est.)
-
Military manpower - military age 18 years of age -
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males:
103,807 (2001 est.)
-
National holiday Independence Day, 11 November (1975) Waitangi Day (Treaty of Waitangi established British sovereignty over New Zealand), 6 February (1840)
Nationality noun:
Angolan(s)

adjective:
Angolan
noun: Tokelauan(s)


adjective: Tokelauan
Natural hazards locally heavy rainfall causes periodic flooding on the plateau lies in Pacific typhoon belt
Natural resources petroleum, diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, copper, feldspar, gold, bauxite, uranium NEGL
Net migration rate -0.34 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) NA migrant(s)/1,000 population
Pipelines crude oil 179 km -
Political parties and leaders Liberal Democratic Party or PLD [Analia de Victoria PEREIRA]; National Front for the Liberation of Angola or FNLA [disputed leadership: Lucas NGONDA, Holden ROBERTO]; National Union for the Total Independence of Angola or UNITA [Jonas SAVIMBI], largest opposition party has engaged in years of armed resistance; Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola or MPLA [Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS] ruling party in power since 1975; Social Renewal Party or PRS [disputed leadership: Eduardo KUANGANA, Antonio MUACHICUNGO]; UNITA-Renovada [Eugenio NGOLO "Manuvakola", leader]

note:
about a dozen minor parties participated in the 1992 elections but won few seats and have little influence in the National Assembly
none
Political pressure groups and leaders Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda or FLEC [N'zita Henriques TIAGO; Antonio Bento BEMBE]

note:
FLEC is waging a small-scale, highly factionalized, armed struggle for the independence of Cabinda Province
none
Population 10,366,031 (July 2001 est.) 1,405 (July 2004 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% NA
Population growth rate 2.15% (2001 est.) -0.01% (2004 est.)
Ports and harbors Ambriz, Cabinda, Lobito, Luanda, Malongo, Mocamedes, Namibe, Porto Amboim, Soyo none; offshore anchorage only
Radio broadcast stations AM 34, FM 7, shortwave 9 (1999) AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA


note: each atoll has a radio broadcast station of unknown type that broadcasts shipping and weather reports (1998)
Radios 630,000 (1997) -
Railways total:
2,771 km (inland, much of the track is unusable because of land mines still in place from the civil war)

narrow gauge:
2,648 km 1.067-m gauge; 123 km 0.600-m gauge (2000)
-
Religions indigenous beliefs 47%, Roman Catholic 38%, Protestant 15% (1998 est.) Congregational Christian Church 70%, Roman Catholic 28%, other 2%


note: on Atafu, all Congregational Christian Church of Samoa; on Nukunonu, all Roman Catholic; on Fakaofo, both denominations, with the Congregational Christian Church predominant
Sex ratio at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.02 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1.04 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.83 male(s)/female

total population:
1.02 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
NA
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 21 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment:
telephone service limited mostly to government and business use; HF radiotelephone used extensively for military links

domestic:
limited system of wire, microwave radio relay, and tropospheric scatter

international:
satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
general assessment: adequate


domestic: radiotelephone service between islands


international: country code - 690; radiotelephone service to Samoa; government-regulated telephone service (TeleTok), with 3 satellite earth stations, established in 1997
Telephones - main lines in use 62,000 (1997) 300 (2002)
Telephones - mobile cellular 7,052 (1997) 0 (2001)
Television broadcast stations 7 (1999) -
Terrain narrow coastal plain rises abruptly to vast interior plateau low-lying coral atolls enclosing large lagoons
Total fertility rate 6.48 children born/woman (2001 est.) NA children born/woman
Unemployment rate extensive unemployment and underemployment affecting more than half the population (2000 est.) NA
Waterways 1,295 km -
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