Swaziland (2002)

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Swaziland 2002 year


Administrative divisions	4 districts; Hhohho, Lubombo, Manzini, Shiselweni
Age structure	0-14 years: 45.5% (male 254,573; female 256,677) 15-64 years: 51.9% (male 281,645; female 301,071) 65 years and over: 2.6% (male 12,027; female 17,612) (2002 est.)
Agriculture - products	sugarcane, cotton, corn, tobacco, rice, citrus, pineapples, sorghum, peanuts; cattle, goats, sheep
Airports	18 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 17 914 to 1,523 m: 7 under 914 m: 10 (2002)
Area	total: 17,363 sq km land: 17,203 sq km water: 160 sq km
Area - comparative	slightly smaller than New Jersey
Background	Autonomy for the Swazis of southern Africa was guaranteed by the British in the late 19th century; independence was granted 1968. Student and labor unrest during the 1990s have pressured the monarchy (one of the oldest on the continent) to grudgingly allow political reform and greater democracy.
Birth rate	39.59 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Budget	revenues: $448 million expenditures: $506.9 million, including capital expenditures of $147 million (FY01/02 )
Capital	Mbabane; note - Lobamba is the royal and legislative capital
Climate	varies from tropical to near temperate
Coastline	0 km (landlocked)
Constitution	none; constitution of 6 September 1968 was suspended 12 April 1973; a new constitution was promulgated 13 October 1978, but was not formally presented to the people; since then a few more outlines for a constitution have been compiled under the Constitutional Review Commission (CRC), but so far none have been accepted
Country name	conventional long form: Kingdom of Swaziland conventional short form: Swaziland
Currency	lilangeni (SZL)
Death rate	23.26 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Debt - external	$336 million (2001 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US	chief of mission: Ambassador James D. McGEE embassy: Central Bank Building, Warner Street, Mbabane mailing address: P. O. Box 199, Mbabane telephone: [268] 404-6441 through 404-6445 FAX: [268] 404-5959
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Mary Madzandza KANYA chancery: 3400 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 362-6683 FAX: [1] (202) 244-8059
Disputes - international	Swaziland continues to press South Africa into ceding ethnic Swazi lands in Kangwane region of KwaZulu-Natal province that were long ago part of the Swazi Kingdom
Economic aid - recipient	$104 million (2001)
Economy - overview	In this small landlocked economy, subsistence agriculture occupies more than 80% of the population. Manufacturing features a number of agroprocessing factories. Mining has declined in importance in recent years: diamond mines have shut down because of the depletion of easily accessible reserves; high-grade iron ore deposits were depleted by 1978; and health concerns have cut world demand for asbestos. Exports of soft drink concentrate, sugar, and wood pulp are the main earners of hard currency. Surrounded by South Africa, except for a short border with Mozambique, Swaziland is heavily dependent on South Africa from which it receives nine-tenths of its imports and to which it sends more than two-thirds of its exports. Remittances from the Southern African Customs Union and Swazi workers in South African mines substantially supplement domestically earned income. The government is trying to improve the atmosphere for foreign investment. Overgrazing, soil depletion, drought, and sometimes floods persist as problems for the future. Prospects for 2002 are strengthened by the country's status as a beneficiary of the US African Growth and Opportunity Act initiative.
Electricity - consumption	900.66 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - imports	564 million kWh note: supplied by South Africa (2000)
Electricity - production	362 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - production by source	fossil fuel: 56% hydro: 44% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Great Usutu River 21 m highest point: Emlembe 1,862 m
Environment - current issues	limited supplies of potable water; wildlife populations being depleted because of excessive hunting; overgrazing; soil degradation; soil erosion
Environment - international agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: Desertification, Law of the Sea
Ethnic groups	African 97%, European 3%
Exchange rates	emalangeni per US dollar - 11.5808 (January 2002), 8.4933 (2001), 6.9056 (2000), 6.1087 (1999), 5.4807 (1998), 4.6032 (1997); note - the Swazi lilangeni is at par with the South African rand; emalangeni is the plural form of lilangeni
Executive branch	chief of state: King MSWATI III (since 25 April 1986) head of government: Prime Minister Sibusiso Barnabas DLAMINI (since 9 August 1996) cabinet: Cabinet recommended by the prime minister and confirmed by the monarch elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; prime minister appointed by the monarch
Exports	0 kWh (2000)
Exports	$702 million f.o.b. (2001)
Exports - commodities	soft drink concentrates, sugar, wood pulp, cotton yarn, refrigerators, citrus and canned fruit
Exports - partners	South Africa 72%, EU 12%, UK 6%, Mozambique 4%, US 4% (1999)
Fiscal year	1 April - 31 March
Flag description	three horizontal bands of blue (top), red (triple width), and blue; the red band is edged in yellow; centered in the red band is a large black and white shield covering two spears and a staff decorated with feather tassels, all placed horizontally
GDP	purchasing power parity - $4.6 billion (2001 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 10% industry: 43% services: 47% (1999 est.)
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $4,200 (2001 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	2.5% (2001 est.)
Geographic coordinates	26 30 S, 31 30 E
Geography - note	landlocked; almost completely surrounded by South Africa
Highways	total: 3,800 km paved: 1,064 km unpaved: 2,736 km (2002)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Imports	564 million kWh note: supplied by South Africa (2000)
Imports	$850 million f.o.b. (2001)
Imports - commodities	motor vehicles, machinery, transport equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum products, chemicals
Imports - partners	South Africa 89%, EU 5%, Japan 2%, Singapore 2% (2000)
Independence	6 September 1968 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate	3.7% (FY95/96)
Industries	mining (coal), wood pulp, sugar, soft drink concentrates, textile and apparel
Infant mortality rate	109.43 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	7.5% (2001 est.)
International organization participation	ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OAU, OPCW, PCA, SACU, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	6 (2001)
Irrigated land	690 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch	High Court; Court of Appeal; judges for both courts are appointed by the monarch
Labor force	NA
Labor force - by occupation	NA
Land boundaries	total: 535 km border countries: Mozambique 105 km, South Africa 430 km
Land use	arable land: 9.77% permanent crops: 0.7% other: 89.53% (1998 est.)
Languages	English (official, government business conducted in English), siSwati (official)
Legal system	based on South African Roman-Dutch law in statutory courts and Swazi traditional law and custom in traditional courts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch	bicameral Parliament or Libandla, an advisory body, consists of the Senate (30 seats - 10 appointed by the House of Assembly and 20 appointed by the monarch; members serve five-year terms) and the House of Assembly (65 seats - 10 appointed by the monarch and 55 elected by popular vote; members serve five-year terms) elections: House of Assembly - last held 16 and 24 October 1998 (next to be held NA 2003) election results: House of Assembly - balloting is done on a nonparty basis; candidates for election are nominated by the local council of each constituency and for each constituency the three candidates with the most votes in the first round of voting are narrowed to a single winner by a second round
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 37 years male: 36.35 years female: 37.66 years (2002 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 78.3% male: 78% female: 78.4% (1999 est.)
Location	Southern Africa, between Mozambique and South Africa
Map references	Africa
Maritime claims	none (landlocked)
Military branches	Umbutfo Swaziland Defense Force (Army), Royal Swaziland Police Force
Military expenditures - dollar figure	$20 million (FY01/02)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	4.75% (FY00/01)
Military manpower - availability	males age 15-49: 253,510 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service	males age 15-49: 146,805 (2002 est.)
National holiday	Independence Day, 6 September (1968)
Nationality	noun: Swazi(s) adjective: Swazi
Natural hazards	drought
Natural resources	asbestos, coal, clay, cassiterite, hydropower, forests, small gold and diamond deposits, quarry stone, and talc
Net migration rate	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Political parties and leaders	political parties are banned by the constitution - the following are considered political associations - Imbokodvo National Movement or INM [leader NA]; Ngwane National Libertatory Congress or NNLC [Obed DLAMINI, president]; People's United Democratic Movement or PUDEMO [Mario MASUKU, president]; Swaziland National Front or SWANAFRO [Elmond SHONGWE, president]
Political pressure groups and leaders	NA
Population	1,123,605 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA%
Population growth rate	1.63% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors	none
Radio broadcast stations	AM 3, FM 2 plus 4 repeaters, shortwave 3 (2001)
Radios	170,000 (1999)
Railways	total: 297 km narrow gauge: 297 km 1.067-m gauge note: includes 71 km which are not in use (2001)
Religions	Zionist (a blend of Christianity and indigenous ancestral worship) 40%, Roman Catholic 20%, Muslim 10%, Anglican, Bahai, Methodist, Mormon, Jewish and other 30%
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.94 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.68 male(s)/female total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Suffrage	18 years of age
Telephone system	general assessment: a somewhat modern but not an advanced system domestic: system consists of carrier-equipped, open-wire lines and low-capacity, microwave radio relay international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use	38,500 (2001)
Telephones - mobile cellular	45,000 (2001)
Television broadcast stations	5 plus 7 relay stations (2001)
Terrain	mostly mountains and hills; some moderately sloping plains
Total fertility rate	5.77 children born/woman (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate	34% (2000 est.)
Waterways	none

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