Samoa (2002)

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Samoa 2002 year


Administrative divisions	11 districts; A'ana, Aiga-i-le-Tai, Atua, Fa'asaleleaga, Gaga'emauga, Gagaifomauga, Palauli, Satupa'itea, Tuamasaga, Va'a-o-Fonoti, Vaisigano
Age structure	0-14 years: 30.6% (male 27,774; female 26,854) 15-64 years: 63.5% (male 71,358; female 42,150) 65 years and over: 5.9% (male 4,859; female 5,636) (2002 est.)
Agriculture - products	coconuts, bananas, taro, yams
Airports	3 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 3 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2002)
Area	total: 2,944 sq km land: 2,934 sq km water: 10 sq km
Area - comparative	slightly smaller than Rhode Island
Background	New Zealand occupied the German protectorate of Western Samoa at the outbreak of World War I in 1914. It continued to administer the islands as a mandate and then as a trust territory until 1962, when the islands became the first Polynesian nation to reestablish independence in the 20th century. The country dropped the "Western" from its name in 1997.
Birth rate	15.53 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Budget	revenues: $105 million expenditures: $119 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (2001/2002)
Capital	Apia
Climate	tropical; rainy season (October to March), dry season (May to October)
Coastline	403 km
Constitution	1 January 1962
Country name	conventional long form: Independent State of Samoa conventional short form: Samoa former: Western Samoa
Currency	tala (WST)
Death rate	6.35 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Debt - external	$192 million (1999)
Diplomatic representation from the US	chief of mission: the Ambassador to New Zealand is accredited to Samoa embassy: 5th floor John Williams Building, Beach Road, Apia mailing address: P. O. Box 3430, Apia telephone: [685] 21631 FAX: [685] 22030
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Tuiloma Neroni SLADE chancery: 800 Second Avenue, Suite 400D, New York, NY 10017 telephone: [1] (212) 599-6196, 6197 FAX: [1] (212) 599-0797
Disputes - international	none
Economic aid - recipient	$42.9 million (1995) (1995)
Economy - overview	The economy of Samoa has traditionally been dependent on development aid, family remittances from overseas, and agricultural exports. The country is vulnerable to devastating storms. Agriculture employs two-thirds of the labor force, and furnishes 90% of exports, featuring coconut cream, coconut oil, and copra. The manufacturing sector mainly processes agricultural products. The decline of fish stocks in the area is a continuing problem. Tourism is an expanding sector, accounting for 16% of GDP; about 85,000 tourists visited the islands in 2000. The Samoan Government has called for deregulation of the financial sector, encouragement of investment, and continued fiscal discipline. Observers point to the flexibility of the labor market as a basic strength for future economic advances. Foreign reserves are in a relatively healthy state, the external debt is stable, and inflation is low.
Electricity - consumption	95.79 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - production	103 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - production by source	fossil fuel: 59% hydro: 41% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Mauga Silisili 1,857 m
Environment - current issues	soil erosion
Environment - international agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups	Samoan 92.6%, Euronesians 7% (persons of European and Polynesian blood), Europeans 0.4%
Exchange rates	tala per US dollar - 3.5236 (January 2002), 3.4722 (2001), 3.2712 (2000), 3.0120 (1999), 2.9429 (1998), 2.5562 (1997)
Executive branch	chief of state: Chief Tanumafili II MALIETOA (cochief of state from 1 January 1962 until becoming sole chief of state 5 April 1963) head of government: Prime Minister Sailele Malielegaoi TUILA'EPA (since 24 November 1998); note - TUILA'EPA served as deputy prime minister from 1992 until he assumed the prime ministership in November 1998, when former Prime Minister TOFILAU Eti Alesana resigned in poor health; the post of deputy prime minister is currently vacant cabinet: Cabinet consists of 12 members, appointed by the chief of state with the prime minister's advice elections: upon the death of Chief Tanumafili II MALIETOA, a new chief of state will be elected by the Legislative Assembly to serve a five-year term; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party is usually appointed prime minister by the chief of state with the approval of the Legislative Assembly
Exports	0 kWh (2000)
Exports	$17 million f.o.b. (2000)
Exports - commodities	fish, coconut oil and cream, copra, taro, garments, beer
Exports - partners	Australia 62%, Indonesia 13%, US 11%, American Samoa 3%, New Zealand 3% (2000)
Fiscal year	calendar year
Flag description	red with a blue rectangle in the upper hoist-side quadrant bearing five white five-pointed stars representing the Southern Cross constellation
GDP	purchasing power parity - $618 million (2001 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 16% industry: 18% services: 66% (2000 est.)
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $3,500 (2001 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	6% (2001 est.)
Geographic coordinates	13 35 S, 172 20 W
Geography - note	occupies an almost central position within Polynesia
Highways	total: 836 km paved: 267 km unpaved: 569 km (1983)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Imports	0 kWh (2000)
Imports	$90 million f.o.b. (2000)
Imports - commodities	machinery and equipment, industrial supplies, foodstuffs
Imports - partners	Australia 27%, US 26%, New Zealand 14%, Fiji 12%, Japan 9% (2000)
Independence	1 January 1962 (from New Zealand-administered UN trusteeship)
Industrial production growth rate	2.8% (2000)
Industries	food processing, building materials, auto parts
Infant mortality rate	30.74 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	2.5% (2001 est.)
International organization participation	ACP, AsDB, C, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IMF, IMO, IOC, ITU, OPCW (signatory), Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO (observer)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	2 (2000)
Irrigated land	NA sq km
Judicial branch	Supreme Court; Court of Appeal
Labor force	90,000 (2000 est.)
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture 65%, services 30%, industry 5% (1995 est.)
Land boundaries	0 km
Land use	arable land: 19.43% permanent crops: 23.67% other: 56.9% (1998 est.)
Languages	Samoan (Polynesian), English
Legal system	based on English common law and local customs; judicial review of legislative acts with respect to fundamental rights of the citizen; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch	unicameral Legislative Assembly or Fono (49 seats - 47 elected by Samoans, 2 elected by non-Samoans; only chiefs or matai may stand for election to the Fono; members serve five-year terms) elections: byelection last held NA November 2001 (next byelection to be held 29 March 2002) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - HRPP 30, SNDP 13, independents 6
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 69.8 years male: 67.06 years female: 72.69 years (2002 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 80% male: 81% female: 79% (1999)
Location	Oceania, group of islands in the South Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand
Map references	Oceania
Maritime claims	exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine	total: 1 ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 7,091 GRT/ 8,127 DWT ships by type: cargo 1 note: includes a foreign-owned ship registered here as a flag of convenience: Germany 1 (2002 est.)
Military - note	Samoa has no formal defense structure or regular armed forces; informal defense ties exist with NZ, which is required to consider any Samoan request for assistance under the 1962 Treaty of Friendship
Military branches	no regular armed services; Samoa Police Force
Military expenditures - dollar figure	$NA
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	NA%
National holiday	Independence Day Celebration, 1 June (1962); note - 1 January 1962 is the date of independence from the New Zealand-administered UN trusteeship, 1 June 1962 is the date that independence is celebrated
Nationality	noun: Samoan(s) adjective: Samoan
Natural hazards	occasional typhoons; active volcanism
Natural resources	hardwood forests, fish, hydropower
Net migration rate	-11.64 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Political parties and leaders	Christian Democratic Party [leader NA]; Human Rights Protection Party or HRPP [Sailele Malielegaoi TUILA'EPA, chairman]; Samoa All People's Party or SAPP [Matatumua NAIMOAGA]; Samoan National Development Party or SNDP [LE MAMEA Ropati, chairman] (opposition); Samoa National Party [FETU Tiatia, party secretary]; Samoan Progressive Conservative Party [LEOTA Ituau Ale]; Samoan United Independent Party or SUIP [leader NA]
Political pressure groups and leaders	NA
Population	178,631 (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA%
Population growth rate	-0.25% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors	Apia, Asau, Mulifanua, Salelologa
Radio broadcast stations	AM 1, FM 3, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios	174,849 (1997)
Railways	0 km
Religions	Christian 99.7% (about one-half of population associated with the London Missionary Society; includes Congregational, Roman Catholic, Methodist, Latter-Day Saints, Seventh-Day Adventist)
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.69 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.86 male(s)/female total population: 1.39 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Suffrage	21 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: adequate domestic: NA international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use	8,183 (1998)
Telephones - mobile cellular	1,545 (February 1998)
Television broadcast stations	6 (1997)
Terrain	narrow coastal plain with volcanic, rocky, rugged mountains in interior
Total fertility rate	3.3 children born/woman (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate	NA%; note - substantial underemployment
Waterways	none

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