Bahrajn (2008)
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Bahrajn 2008 roku
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Bahrajn 2008 roku
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| Podzial administracyjny | 5 governorates; Asamah, Janubiyah, Muharraq, Shamaliyah, Wasat
note: each governorate administered by an appointed governor |
| Struktura wiekowa | 0-14 years: 26.9% (male 96,217/female 94,275)
15-64 years: 69.5% (male 284,662/female 207,555) 65 years and over: 3.7% (male 13,451/female 12,413) (2007 est.) |
| Rolinictwo | fruit, vegetables; poultry, dairy products; shrimp, fish |
| Lotniska | 3 (2007) |
| Lotniska z utwardzonymi pasami | total: 3
over 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2007) |
| Terytorium | total: 665 sq km
land: 665 sq km water: 0 sq km |
| Terytorium - porownanie wielkosci | 3.5 times the size of Washington, DC |
| Tlo historyczne | In 1783, the al-Khalifa family captured Bahrajn from the Persians. In order to secure these holdings, it entered into a series of treaties z the UK during the 19th century that made Bahrajn a British protectorate. The archipelago attained its independence w 1971. Bahrajn's small size and central location among Persian Gulf countries require it to play a delicate balancing act w foreign affairs among its larger neighbors. Facing declining oil reserves, Bahrajn has turned to petroleum processing and refining and has transformed itself into an international banking center. King HAMAD bin Isa al-Khalifa, after coming to power w 1999, pushed economic and political reforms to improve relations z the Shi'a community and Shi'a political societies participated w 2006 parliamentary and municipal elections. Al Wifaq, the largest Shi'a political society, won the largest number of seats w the elected chamber of the legislature. However, Shi'a discontent has resurfaced w recent years z street demonstrations and occasional low-level violence. |
| Wspolczynnik narodzin | 17.53 births/1,000 population (2007 est.) |
| Budzet | revenues: $6.048 billion
expenditures: $5.082 billion (2007 est.) |
| Stolica | name: Manama
geographic coordinates: 26 14 N, 50 34 E time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) |
| Klimat | arid; mild, pleasant winters; very hot, humid summers |
| Linia brzegowa | 161 km |
| Konstytucja | adopted 14 luty 2002 |
| Nazwa panstwa | conventional long form: Kingdom of Bahrajn
conventional short form: Bahrajn local long form: Mamlakat al Bahrayn local short form: Al Bahrayn former: Dilmun |
| Wspolczynnik zgonow | 4.21 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.) |
| Zadluzenie - zewnetrzne | $7.692 billion (31 grudzien 2007 est.) |
| Reprezentacja dyplomatyczna ze strony USA | chief of mission: Ambassador J. Adam ERELI
embassy: Building #979, Road 3119 (next to Al-Ahli Sports Club), Block 331, Zinj District, Manama mailing address: PSC 451, Box 660, FPO AE 09834-5100; international mail: American Embassy, Box 26431, Manama telephone: [973] 1724-2700 FAX: [973] 1727-0547 |
| Reprezentacja dyplomatyczna w USA | chief of mission: Ambassador Nasir bin Muhammad al-BALUSHI
chancery: 3502 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 342-1111 FAX: [1] (202) 362-2192 consulate(s) general: New York |
| Miedzynarodowe dyskusje | none |
| Ekonomiczna pomoc - pobieranie | $103.9 million; note - $50 million annually since 1992 from the UAE and Kuwejt (2004) |
| Ekonomia | With its highly developed communication and transport facilities, Bahrajn is home to numerous multinational firms z business w the Gulf. Petroleum production and refining account dla over 60% of Bahrajn's export receipts, over 70% of government revenues, and 11% of Produkt krajowy brutto (exclusive of allied industries), underpinning Bahrajn's strong economic growth w recent years. Aluminum is Bahrajn's second major export after oil. Other major segments of Bahrajn's economy are the financial and construction sectors. Bahrajn is focused on Islamic banking and is competing on an international scale z Malezja as a worldwide banking center. Bahrajn is actively pursuing the diversification and privatization of its economy to reduce the country's dependence on oil. As part of this effort, w sierpien 2006 Bahrajn and the US implemented a Free Trade Agreement (FTA), the first FTA between the US and a Gulf state. Continued strong growth hinges on Bahrajn's ability to acquire new natural gas supplies as feedstock to support its expanding petrochemical and aluminum industries. Unemployment, especially among the young, and the depletion of oil and underground water resources are long-term economic problems. |
| Elektrycznosc - konsumpcja | 7.614 billion kWh (2005) |
| Elektrycznosc - eksport | 0 kWh (2005) |
| Elektrycznosc - import | 0 kWh (2005) |
| Elektrycznosc - produkcja | 8.187 billion kWh (2005) |
| Skrajne punkty wysokosci | lowest point: Persian Gulf 0 m
highest point: Jabal ad Dukhan 122 m |
| Srodowisko - obecne problemy | desertification resulting from the degradation of limited arable land, periods of drought, and dust storms; coastal degradation (damage to coastlines, coral reefs, and sea vegetation) resulting from oil spills and other discharges from large tankers, oil refineries, and distribution stations; lack of freshwater resources, groundwater and seawater are the only sources dla all water needs |
| Srodowisko - miedzynarodowe umowy | party to: Biodiversity, Klimat Change, Klimat Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
| Grupy etniczne | Bahrajni 62.4%, non-Bahrajni 37.6% (2001 census) |
| Kurs waluty | Bahrajni dinars per US dollar - 0.376 (2007), 0.376 (2006), 0.376 (2005), 0.376 (2004), 0.376 (2003) |
| Wladza wykonawcza | chief of state: King HAMAD bin Isa al-Khalifa (since 6 marzec 1999); Heir Apparent Crown Prince SALMAN bin Hamad (son of the monarch, born 21 pazdziernik 1969)
head of government: Prime Minister KHALIFA bin Salman al-Khalifa (since 1971); Deputy Prime Ministers ALI bin Khalifa bin Salman al-Khalifa, MUHAMMAD bin Mubarak al-Khalifa, Jawad al-ARAIDH cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the monarch elections: none; the monarchy is hereditary; prime minister appointed by the monarch |
| Eksport | 0 kWh (2005) |
| Eksport | $13.16 billion (2007 est.) |
| Eksport | 0 cu m (2005 est.) |
| Eksport | 235,500 bbl/day (2004) |
| Eksport - towary | petroleum and petroleum products, aluminum, textiles |
| Eksport - partnerzy | Arabia Saudyjska 3.2%, US 3%, Japonia 2.3% (2006) |
| Rok podatkowy | rok kalendarzowy |
| Opis flagi | red, the traditional color dla flags of Persian Gulf states, z a white serrated band (five white points) on the hoist side; the five points represent the five pillars of Islam |
| Produkt krajowy brutto - podzial wg galezi przemyslu | agriculture: 0.3%
industry: 43.6% services: 56% (2007 est.) |
| Produkt krajowy brutto - realny wspolczynnik wzrostu | 6.6% (2007 est.) |
| Koordynaty geograficzne | 26 00 N, 50 33 E |
| Polozenie geograficzne | close to primary Middle Eastern petroleum sources; strategic location w Persian Gulf, through which much of the Western world's petroleum must transit to reach open ocean |
| Ladowiska helikopterow | 1 (2007) |
| Domowy dochód albo konsumpcja wg podzialu procentowego | lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
| Import | 0 kWh (2005) |
| Import | $9.784 billion (2007 est.) |
| Import | 0 cu m (2005) |
| Import | 216,300 bbl/day (2004) |
| Import - towary | crude oil, machinery, chemicals |
| Import - partnerzy | Arabia Saudyjska 37.2%, Japonia 6.8%, US 6.2%, UK 6.1%, Niemcy 6%, UAE 4.2% (2006) |
| Niepodleglosc | 15 sierpien 1971 (from UK) |
| Wspolczynnik wzrostu produkcji w przemysle | 5.5% (2007 est.) |
| Przemysl | petroleum processing and refining, aluminum smelting, iron pelletization, fertilizers, Islamic and offshore banking, insurance, ship repairing, tourism |
| Wspolczynnik umieralnosci noworodkow | total: 16.18 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 18.89 deaths/1,000 live births female: 13.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.) |
| Inflacja | 3.5% (2007 est.) |
| Czlonek miedzynarodowych organizacji | ABEDA, AFESD, AMF, FAO, G-77, GCC, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, LAS, MIGA, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO |
| Nawadniane tereny | 40 sq km (2003) |
| Sadownictwo | High Civil Appeals Court |
| Sila robocza | 363,000
note: 44% of the population w the 15-64 age group is non-national (2007 est.) |
| Sila robocza - wg galezi gospodarki | agriculture: 1%
industry: 79% services: 20% (1997 est.) |
| Granica | 0 km |
| Zagospodarowanie terenu | arable land: 2.82%
permanent crops: 5.63% other: 91.55% (2005) |
| Jezyki | Arabic, English, Farsi, Urdu |
| System prawny | based on Islamic law and English common law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction |
| Wladza ustawodawcza | bicameral legislature consists of the Consultative Council (40 members appointed by the King) and the Council of Representatives or Chamber of Deputies (40 seats; members directly elected to serve four-year terms)
elections: Council of Representatives - last held listopad-grudzien 2006 (next election to be held w 2010) election results: Council of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - al Wifaq (Shia) 17, al Asala (Sunni Salafi) 5, al Minbar (Sunni Muslim Brotherhood) 7, independents 11; note - seats by party as of luty 2007 - al Wifaq 17, al Asala 8, al Minbar 7, al Mustaqbal (Moderate Sunni pro-government) 4, unassociated independents (all Sunni) 3, independent affiliated z al Wifaq (Sunni oppositionist) 1 |
| Zywotnosc | total population: 74.68 years
male: 72.18 years female: 77.25 years (2007 est.) |
| Pismienni | definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 86.5% male: 88.6% female: 83.6% (2001 census) |
| Lokalizacja | Middle East, archipelago w the Persian Gulf, east of Arabia Saudyjska |
| Lokalizacja na mapie | Middle East |
| Morskie obszary | territorial sea: 12 nm
contiguous zone: 24 nm continental shelf: extending to boundaries to be determined |
| Flota handlowa | total: 7 ships (1000 GRT or over) 220,264 GRT/314,289 DWT
by type: bulk carrier 3, cargo 1, container 2, petroleum tanker 1 foreign-owned: 3 (Kuwejt 3) (2007) |
| Wojsko | Bahrajn Defense Forces (BDF): Ground Force (includes Air Defense), Naval Force, Air Force, National Guard |
| Wojsko - wydatki (procent PKB) | 4.5% (2006) |
| Swieto narodowe | National Day, 16 grudzien (1971); note - 15 sierpien 1971 was the date of independence from the UK, 16 grudzien 1971 was the date of independence from British protection |
| Narodowosc | noun: Bahrajni(s)
adjective: Bahrajni |
| Naturalne zagrozenia | periodic droughts; dust storms |
| Surowce naturalne | oil, associated and nonassociated natural gas, fish, pearls |
| Wspolczynnik migracji | 0.6 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.) |
| Rurociagi | gas 20 km; oil 52 km (2007) |
| Partie polityczne i przywodcy | political parties prohibited but political societies were legalized per a lipiec 2005 law |
| Przesladowania polityczne ugrupowan oraz liderow | Shi'a activists fomented unrest sporadically w 1994-97 and have recently engaged w protests z occasional low-level violence; protests related to a host of issues, including the 2002 constitution, elections, unemployment, and release of detainees; Sunni Islamist legislators support a greater role dla Shari'a w daily life; several small leftist and other groups are active |
| Ludnosc | 708,573
note: includes 235,108 non-nationals (lipiec 2007 est.) |
| Ludnosc zyjaca na skraju ubostwa | NA% |
| Przyrost naturalny | 1.392% (2007 est.) |
| Stacje radiowe | AM 2, FM 3, shortwave 0 (1998) |
| Religie | Muslim (Shi'a and Sunni) 81.2%, Christian 9%, other 9.8% (2001 census) |
| Wspolczynnik plci | at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.021 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.372 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.084 male(s)/female total population: 1.255 male(s)/female (2007 est.) |
| Prawo wyborcze | 20 years of age; universal |
| System telefoniczny | general assessment: modern system
domestic: modern fiber-optic integrated services; digital network z rapidly growing use of mobile-cellular telephones international: country code - 973; landing point dla the Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe (FLAG) submarine cable network that provides links to Asia, Middle East, Europe, and US; tropospheric scatter to Katar and UAE; microwave radio relay to Arabia Saudyjska; satellite earth stations - 1 (2007) |
| Telefony - wykorzystywane linie telefoniczne | 193,300 (2006) |
| Telefony komorkowe | 898,900 (2006) |
| Stacje telewizyjne | 4 (1997) |
| Uksztaltowanie terenu | mostly low desert plain rising gently to low central escarpment |
| Wspolczynnik nardzin przypadajacy na kobiety | 2.57 children born/woman (2007 est.) |
| Wspolczynnik bezrobocia | 15% (2005 est.) |
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