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Compare Liechtenstein (2001) - Tanzania (2004)

Compare Liechtenstein (2001) z Tanzania (2004)

 Liechtenstein (2001)Tanzania (2004)
 LiechtensteinTanzania
Administrative divisions 11 communes (gemeinden, singular - gemeinde); Balzers, Eschen, Gamprin, Mauren, Planken, Ruggell, Schaan, Schellenberg, Triesen, Triesenberg, Vaduz 26 regions; Arusha, Dar es Salaam, Dodoma, Iringa, Kagera, Kigoma, Kilimanjaro, Lindi, Manyara, Mara, Mbeya, Morogoro, Mtwara, Mwanza, Pemba North, Pemba South, Pwani, Rukwa, Ruvuma, Shinyanga, Singida, Tabora, Tanga, Zanzibar Central/South, Zanzibar North, Zanzibar Urban/West
Age structure 0-14 years:
18.41% (male 2,992; female 2,996)

15-64 years:
70.6% (male 11,455; female 11,511)

65 years and over:
10.99% (male 1,439; female 2,135) (2001 est.)
0-14 years: 44.2% (male 8,102,692; female 8,055,370)


15-64 years: 53.2% (male 9,646,342; female 9,834,925)


65 years and over: 2.6% (male 410,477; female 538,419) (2004 est.)
Agriculture - products wheat, barley, corn, potatoes; livestock, dairy products coffee, sisal, tea, cotton, pyrethrum (insecticide made from chrysanthemums), cashew nuts, tobacco, cloves, corn, wheat, cassava (tapioca), bananas, fruits, vegetables; cattle, sheep, goats
Airports none 123 (2003 est.)
Airports - with paved runways - total: 11


over 3,047 m: 2


2,438 to 3,047 m: 2


1,524 to 2,437 m: 5


914 to 1,523 m: 1


under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways - total: 112


1,524 to 2,437 m: 19


914 to 1,523 m: 60


under 914 m: 33 (2004 est.)
Area total:
160 sq km

land:
160 sq km

water:
0 sq km
total: 945,087 sq km


land: 886,037 sq km


water: 59,050 sq km


note: includes the islands of Mafia, Pemba, and Zanzibar
Area - comparative about 0.9 times the size of Washington, DC slightly larger than twice the size of California
Background The Principality of Liechtenstein was established within the Holy Roman Empire in 1719; it became a sovereign state in 1806. Until the end of World War I, it was closely tied to Austria, but the economic devastation caused by that conflict forced Liechtenstein to conclude a customs and monetary union with Switzerland. Since World War II (in which Liechtenstein remained neutral) the country's low taxes have spurred outstanding economic growth. However, shortcomings in banking regulatory oversight have resulted in concerns about the use of the financial institutions for money laundering. Shortly after independence, Tanganyika and Zanzibar merged to form the nation of Tanzania in 1964. One-party rule came to an end in 1995 with the first democratic elections held in the country since the 1970s. Zanzibar's semi-autonomous status and popular opposition have led to two contentious elections since 1995, which the ruling party won despite international observers' claims of voting irregularities.
Birth rate 11.53 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) 39 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Budget revenues:
$424.2 million

expenditures:
$414.1 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1998 est.)
revenues: $1.879 billion


expenditures: $1.873 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2003 est.)
Capital Vaduz Dar es Salaam; note - legislative offices have been transferred to Dodoma, which is planned as the new national capital; the National Assembly now meets there on regular basis
Climate continental; cold, cloudy winters with frequent snow or rain; cool to moderately warm, cloudy, humid summers varies from tropical along coast to temperate in highlands
Coastline 0 km (landlocked) 1,424 km
Constitution 5 October 1921 25 April 1977; major revisions October 1984
Country name conventional long form:
Principality of Liechtenstein

conventional short form:
Liechtenstein

local long form:
Fuerstentum Liechtenstein

local short form:
Liechtenstein
conventional long form: United Republic of Tanzania


conventional short form: Tanzania


former: United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar
Currency Swiss franc (CHF) Tanzanian shilling (TZS)
Death rate 6.7 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) 17.45 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Debt - external $0 (1996) $6.549 billion (2003 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US the US does not have an embassy in Liechtenstein, but the US Ambassador to Switzerland is also accredited to Liechtenstein chief of mission: Ambassador Robert V. ROYALL


embassy: 140 Msese Road, Kinondoni District, Dar es Salaam


mailing address: P. O. Box 9123, Dar es Salaam


telephone: [255] (22) 2666-010 through 2666-015


FAX: [255] (22) 2666-701, 2668-501
Diplomatic representation in the US Liechtenstein's Ambassador to the US, Claudia FRITSCHE, is dually accredited to the UN in New York chief of mission: Ambassador Andrew Mhando DARAJA


chancery: 2139 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 939-6125


FAX: [1] (202) 797-7408
Disputes - international Liechtenstein's royal family claims restitution for 1,600 sq km of land in the Czech Republic confiscated in 1918 disputes with Malawi over the boundary in Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi) and the meandering Songwe River remain dormant
Economic aid - recipient none $1.2 billion (2001)
Economy - overview Despite its small size and limited natural resources, Liechtenstein has developed into a prosperous, highly industrialized, free-enterprise economy with a vital financial service sector and living standards on a par with the urban areas of its large European neighbors. Low business taxes - the maximum tax rate is 18% - and easy incorporation rules have induced 73,700 holding or so-called letter box companies to establish nominal offices in Liechtenstein, providing 30% of state revenues. The country participates in a customs union with Switzerland and uses the Swiss franc as its national currency. It imports more than 90% of its energy requirements. Liechtenstein has been a member of the European Economic Area (an organization serving as a bridge between European Free Trade Association (EFTA) and EU) since May 1995. The government is working to harmonize its economic policies with those of an integrated Europe. Tanzania is one of the poorest countries in the world. The economy depends heavily on agriculture, which accounts for about half of GDP, provides 85% of exports, and employs 80% of the work force. Topography and climatic conditions, however, limit cultivated crops to only 4% of the land area. Industry traditionally featured the processing of agricultural products and light consumer goods. The World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, and bilateral donors have provided funds to rehabilitate Tanzania's out-of-date economic infrastructure and to alleviate poverty. Growth in 1991-2002 featured a pickup in industrial production and a substantial increase in output of minerals, led by gold. Oil and gas exploration and development played an important role in this growth. Recent banking reforms have helped increase private sector growth and investment. Continued donor assistance and solid macroeconomic policies supported real GDP growth of more than 5.2% in 2004.
Electricity - consumption NA kWh 2.752 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports NA kWh 0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports NA kWh 50 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - production - 2.906 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
NA%

hydro:
NA%

nuclear:
NA%

other:
NA%
-
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Ruggeller Riet 430 m

highest point:
Grauspitz 2,599 m
lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m


highest point: Kilimanjaro 5,895 m
Environment - current issues NA soil degradation; deforestation; desertification; destruction of coral reefs threatens marine habitats; recent droughts affected marginal agriculture; wildlife threatened by illegal hunting and trade, especially for ivory
Environment - international agreements party to:
Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Law of the Sea
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups Alemannic 87.5%, Italian, Turkish, and other 12.5% mainland - native African 99% (of which 95% are Bantu consisting of more than 130 tribes), other 1% (consisting of Asian, European, and Arab); Zanzibar - Arab, native African, mixed Arab and native African
Exchange rates Swiss francs per US dollar - 1.6303 (January 2001), 1.6888 (2000), 1.5022 (1999), 1.4498 (1998), 1.4513 (1997), 1.2360 (1996) Tanzanian shillings per US dollar - NA (2003), 966.583 (2002), 876.412 (2001), 800.409 (2000), 744.759 (1999)
Executive branch chief of state:
Prince HANS ADAM II (since 13 November 1989, assumed executive powers 26 August 1984); Heir Apparent Prince ALOIS, son of the monarch (born 11 June 1968)

head of government:
Head of Government Mario FRICK (since 15 December 1993) and Deputy Head of Government Michael RITTER (since 2 February 1997)

cabinet:
Cabinet elected by the Diet; confirmed by the monarch

elections:
none; the monarch is hereditary; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party in the Diet is usually appointed the head of government by the monarch and the leader of the largest minority party in the Diet is usually appointed the deputy head of government by the monarch
chief of state: President Benjamin William MKAPA (since 23 November 1995); Vice President Dr. Ali Mohammed SHEIN (since 5 July 2001); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government


head of government: President Benjamin William MKAPA (since 23 November 1995); Vice President Dr. Ali Mohammed SHEIN (since 5 July 2001); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government


note: Zanzibar elects a president who is head of government for matters internal to Zanzibar; Amani Abeid KARUME was elected to that office on 29 October 2000


cabinet: Cabinet ministers, including the prime minister, are appointed by the president from among the members of the National Assembly


elections: president and vice president elected on the same ballot by popular vote for five-year terms; election last held 29 October 2000 (next to be held NA October 2005); prime minister appointed by the president


election results: Benjamin William MKAPA reelected president; percent of vote - Benjamin William MKAPA 71.7%, Ibrahim Haruna LIPUMBA 16.3%, Augustine Lyatonga MREME 7.8%, John Momose CHEYO 4.2%
Exports $2.47 billion (1996) NA (2001)
Exports - commodities small specialty machinery, dental products, stamps, hardware, pottery gold, coffee, cashew nuts, manufactures, cotton
Exports - partners EU and EFTA countries 60.57% (Switzerland 15.7%) (1995) Japan 9.5%, India 8.6%, Netherlands 8.2%, Germany 5.3%, UK 5.3%, Kenya 4.8% (2003)
Fiscal year calendar year 1 July - 30 June
Flag description two equal horizontal bands of blue (top) and red with a gold crown on the hoist side of the blue band divided diagonally by a yellow-edged black band from the lower hoist-side corner; the upper triangle (hoist side) is green and the lower triangle is blue
GDP purchasing power parity - $730 million (1998 est.) purchasing power parity - $21.58 billion (2003 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
NA%

industry:
NA%

services:
NA%
agriculture: 43.6%


industry: 16.5%


services: 40% (2003 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $23,000 (1998 est.) purchasing power parity - $600 (2003 est.)
GDP - real growth rate NA% 5.2% (2003 est.)
Geographic coordinates 47 10 N, 9 32 E 6 00 S, 35 00 E
Geography - note along with Uzbekistan, one of only two doubly landlocked countries in the world; variety of microclimatic variations based on elevation Kilimanjaro is highest point in Africa; bordered by three of the largest lakes on the continent: Lake Victoria (the world's second-largest freshwater lake) in the north, Lake Tanganyika (the world's second deepest) in the west, and Lake Nyasa in the southwest
Highways total:
250 km

paved:
250 km

unpaved:
0 km
total: 88,200 km


paved: 3,704 km


unpaved: 84,496 km (1999 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
lowest 10%: 2.8%


highest 10%: 30.1% (1993)
Illicit drugs multilateral organizations engaged in issuing international guidelines for financial sector oversight have found gaps in Liechtenstein's financial services controls that make it vulnerable to money laundering growing role in transshipment of Southwest and Southeast Asian heroin and South American cocaine destined for South African, European, and US markets and of South Asian methaqualone bound for Southern Africa; money laundering remains a problem
Imports $917.3 million (1996) NA (2001)
Imports - commodities machinery, metal goods, textiles, foodstuffs, motor vehicles consumer goods, machinery and transportation equipment, industrial raw materials, crude oil
Imports - partners EU countries, Switzerland (1996) South Africa 10.1%, China 9.3%, Zambia 6.4%, India 5.8%, UAE 5.4%, Kenya 5.1%, UK 4.5%, Germany 4% (2003)
Independence 23 January 1719 Imperial Principality of Liechtenstein established; 12 July 1806 established independence from the Holy Roman Empire 26 April 1964; Tanganyika became independent 9 December 1961 (from UK-administered UN trusteeship); Zanzibar became independent 19 December 1963 (from UK); Tanganyika united with Zanzibar 26 April 1964 to form the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar; renamed United Republic of Tanzania 29 October 1964
Industrial production growth rate NA% 8.4% (1999 est.)
Industries electronics, metal manufacturing, textiles, ceramics, pharmaceuticals, food products, precision instruments, tourism agricultural processing (sugar, beer, cigarettes, sisal twine), diamond and gold mining, oil refining, shoes, cement, textiles, wood products, fertilizer, salt
Infant mortality rate 4.99 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) total: 102.13 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 111.62 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 92.35 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 0.5% (1997 est.) 4.4% (2003 est.)
International organization participation CE, EBRD, ECE, EFTA, IAEA, ICRM, IFRCS, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ITU, OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO (observer), WIPO, WTrO ACP, AfDB, AU, C, EADB, FAO, G- 6, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OPCW, SADC, UN, UN Security Council (temporary), UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMEE, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 44 (Liechtenstein and Switzerland) (2000) -
Irrigated land NA sq km 1,550 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court or Oberster Gerichtshof; Superior Court or Obergericht Permanent Commission of Enquiry (official ombudsman); Court of Appeal (consists of a chief justice and four judges); High Court (consists of a Jaji Kiongozi and 29 judges appointed by the president; holds regular sessions in all regions); District Courts; Primary Courts (limited jurisdiction and appeals can be made to the higher courts)
Labor force 22,891 of which 13,847 are foreigners; 8,231 commute from Austria and Switzerland to work each day 18.56 million (2003)
Labor force - by occupation industry, trade, and building 45%, services 53%, agriculture, fishing, forestry, and horticulture 2% (1997 est.) agriculture 80%, industry and services 20% (2002 est.)
Land boundaries total:
76 km

border countries:
Austria 35 km, Switzerland 41 km
total: 3,861 km


border countries: Burundi 451 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo 459 km, Kenya 769 km, Malawi 475 km, Mozambique 756 km, Rwanda 217 km, Uganda 396 km, Zambia 338 km
Land use arable land:
24%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
16%

forests and woodland:
35%

other:
25% (1993 est.)
arable land: 4.52%


permanent crops: 1.08%


other: 94.4% (2001)
Languages German (official), Alemannic dialect Kiswahili or Swahili (official), Kiunguju (name for Swahili in Zanzibar), English (official, primary language of commerce, administration, and higher education), Arabic (widely spoken in Zanzibar), many local languages


note: Kiswahili (Swahili) is the mother tongue of the Bantu people living in Zanzibar and nearby coastal Tanzania; although Kiswahili is Bantu in structure and origin, its vocabulary draws on a variety of sources, including Arabic and English, and it has become the lingua franca of central and eastern Africa; the first language of most people is one of the local languages
Legal system local civil and penal codes; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations based on English common law; judicial review of legislative acts limited to matters of interpretation; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch unicameral Diet or Landtag (25 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote under proportional representation to serve four-year terms)

elections:
last held on 9-11 February 2001 (next to be held by NA 2005)

election results:
percent of vote by party - FBP 49.90%, VU 41.35%, FL 8.71%; seats by party - FBP 13, VU 11, FL 1
unicameral National Assembly or Bunge (274 seats - 232 elected by popular vote, 37 allocated to women nominated by the president, five to members of the Zanzibar House of Representatives; members serve five-year terms); note - in addition to enacting laws that apply to the entire United Republic of Tanzania, the Assembly enacts laws that apply only to the mainland; Zanzibar has its own House of Representatives to make laws especially for Zanzibar (the Zanzibar House of Representatives has 50 seats, directly elected by universal suffrage to serve five-year terms)


elections: last held 29 October 2000 (next to be held NA October 2005)


election results: National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - CCM 244, CUF 16, CHADEMA 4, TLP 3, UDP 2, Zanzibar representatives 5; Zanzibar House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - CCM 34, CUF 16
Life expectancy at birth total population:
78.95 years

male:
75.32 years

female:
82.6 years (2001 est.)
total population: 44.39 years


male: 43.2 years


female: 45.61 years (2004 est.)
Literacy definition:
age 10 and over can read and write

total population:
100%

male:
100%

female:
100% (1981 est.)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write Kiswahili (Swahili), English, or Arabic


total population: 78.2%


male: 85.9%


female: 70.7% (2003 est.)
Location Central Europe, between Austria and Switzerland Eastern Africa, bordering the Indian Ocean, between Kenya and Mozambique
Map references Europe Africa
Maritime claims none (landlocked) territorial sea: 12 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Merchant marine - total: 10 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 25,481 GRT/31,011 DWT


by type: cargo 3, passenger/cargo 2, petroleum tanker 3, roll on/roll off 1, short-sea/passenger 1


registered in other countries: 5 (2004 est.)
Military - note defense is the responsibility of Switzerland -
Military branches - Tanzanian People's Defense Force: Army, Naval Wing, and Air Defense Command; National Service
Military expenditures - dollar figure - $20.3 million (2003)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP - 0.2% (2003)
Military manpower - availability - males age 15-49: 8,687,477 (2004 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service - males age 15-49: 5,031,621 (2004 est.)
National holiday Assumption Day, 15 August Union Day (Tanganyika and Zanzibar), 26 April (1964)
Nationality noun:
Liechtensteiner(s)

adjective:
Liechtenstein
noun: Tanzanian(s)


adjective: Tanzanian
Natural hazards NA flooding on the central plateau during the rainy season; drought
Natural resources hydroelectric potential, arable land hydropower, tin, phosphates, iron ore, coal, diamonds, gemstones, gold, natural gas, nickel
Net migration rate 4.98 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) -2.06 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Pipelines - gas 29 km; oil 866 km (2004)
Political parties and leaders Fatherland Union or VU [Dr. Oswald KRANZ]; Progressive Citizens' Party or FBP [Dr. Ernst WALCH]; The Free List or FL [Dr. Pepo FRICK, Karin JENNY, Rene HASLER] Chama Cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (Party of Democracy and Development) or CHADEMA [Bob MAKANI]; Chama Cha Mapinduzi or CCM (Revolutionary Party) [Benjamin William MKAPA]; Civic United Front or CUF [Ibrahim LIPUMBA]; Democratic Party (unregistered) [Christopher MTIKLA]; Tanzania Labor Party or TLP [Augustine Lyatonga MREMA]; United Democratic Party or UDP [John CHEYO]
Political pressure groups and leaders NA NA
Population 32,528 (July 2001 est.) 36,588,225


note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2004 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% 36% (2002 est.)
Population growth rate 0.98% (2001 est.) 1.95% (2004 est.)
Ports and harbors none Bukoba, Dar es Salaam, Kigoma, Kilwa Masoko, Lindi, Mtwara, Mwanza, Pangani, Tanga, Wete, Zanzibar
Radio broadcast stations AM 0, FM 4, shortwave 0 (1998) AM 12, FM 11, shortwave 2 (1998)
Radios 21,000 (1997) -
Railways total:
18.5 km; note - owned, operated, and included in statistics of Austrian Federal Railways

standard gauge:
18.5 km 1.435-m gauge (electrified)
total: 3,690 km


narrow gauge: 969 km 1.067-m gauge; 2,721 km 1.000-m gauge (2003)
Religions Roman Catholic 80%, Protestant 7.4%, unknown 7.7%, other 4.9% (1996) mainland - Christian 30%, Muslim 35%, indigenous beliefs 35%; Zanzibar - more than 99% Muslim
Sex ratio at birth:
1.01 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.67 male(s)/female

total population:
0.95 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.76 male(s)/female


total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2004 est.)
Suffrage 20 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment:
automatic telephone system

domestic:
NA

international:
linked to Swiss networks by cable and microwave radio relay
general assessment: fair system operating below capacity and being modernized for better service; VSAT (very small aperture terminal) system under construction


domestic: trunk service provided by open-wire, microwave radio relay, tropospheric scatter, and fiber-optic cable; some links being made digital


international: country code - 255; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use 20,000 (1997) 149,100 (2003)
Telephones - mobile cellular NA 891,200 (2003)
Television broadcast stations NA (linked to Swiss networks) (1997) 3 (1999)
Terrain mostly mountainous (Alps) with Rhine Valley in western third plains along coast; central plateau; highlands in north, south
Total fertility rate 1.5 children born/woman (2001 est.) 5.15 children born/woman (2004 est.)
Unemployment rate 1.8% (February 1999) NA
Waterways none Lake Tanganyika, Lake Victoria, and Lake Nyasa principal avenues of commerce with neighboring countries; rivers not navigable (2004)
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