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Compare Liechtenstein (2001) - Portugal (2004)

Compare Liechtenstein (2001) z Portugal (2004)

 Liechtenstein (2001)Portugal (2004)
 LiechtensteinPortugal
Administrative divisions 11 communes (gemeinden, singular - gemeinde); Balzers, Eschen, Gamprin, Mauren, Planken, Ruggell, Schaan, Schellenberg, Triesen, Triesenberg, Vaduz 18 districts (distritos, singular - distrito) and 2 autonomous regions* (regioes autonomas, singular - regiao autonoma); Aveiro, Acores (Azores)*, Beja, Braga, Braganca, Castelo Branco, Coimbra, Evora, Faro, Guarda, Leiria, Lisboa, Madeira*, Portalegre, Porto, Santarem, Setubal, Viana do Castelo, Vila Real, Viseu
Age structure 0-14 years:
18.41% (male 2,992; female 2,996)

15-64 years:
70.6% (male 11,455; female 11,511)

65 years and over:
10.99% (male 1,439; female 2,135) (2001 est.)
0-14 years: 16.7% (male 916,106; female 840,574)


15-64 years: 66.4% (male 3,454,970; female 3,535,108)


65 years and over: 16.9% (male 735,407; female 1,041,980) (2004 est.)
Agriculture - products wheat, barley, corn, potatoes; livestock, dairy products grain, potatoes, olives, grapes; sheep, cattle, goats, poultry, beef, dairy products
Airports none 66 (2003 est.)
Airports - with paved runways - total: 42


over 3,047 m: 5


2,438 to 3,047 m: 9


1,524 to 2,437 m: 3


914 to 1,523 m: 15


under 914 m: 10 (2004 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways - total: 23


914 to 1,523 m: 1


under 914 m: 22 (2004 est.)
Area total:
160 sq km

land:
160 sq km

water:
0 sq km
total: 92,391 sq km


land: 91,951 sq km


water: 440 sq km


note: includes Azores and Madeira Islands
Area - comparative about 0.9 times the size of Washington, DC slightly smaller than Indiana
Background The Principality of Liechtenstein was established within the Holy Roman Empire in 1719; it became a sovereign state in 1806. Until the end of World War I, it was closely tied to Austria, but the economic devastation caused by that conflict forced Liechtenstein to conclude a customs and monetary union with Switzerland. Since World War II (in which Liechtenstein remained neutral) the country's low taxes have spurred outstanding economic growth. However, shortcomings in banking regulatory oversight have resulted in concerns about the use of the financial institutions for money laundering. Following its heyday as a world power during the 15th and 16th centuries, Portugal lost much of its wealth and status with the destruction of Lisbon in a 1755 earthquake, occupation during the Napoleonic Wars, and the independence in 1822 of Brazil as a colony. A 1910 revolution deposed the monarchy; for most of the next six decades, repressive governments ran the country. In 1974, a left-wing military coup installed broad democratic reforms. The following year, Portugal granted independence to all of its African colonies. Portugal is a founding member of NATO and entered the EC (now the EU) in 1986.
Birth rate 11.53 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) 10.9 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Budget revenues:
$424.2 million

expenditures:
$414.1 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1998 est.)
revenues: $64.81 billion


expenditures: $69.09 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2003 est.)
Capital Vaduz Lisbon
Climate continental; cold, cloudy winters with frequent snow or rain; cool to moderately warm, cloudy, humid summers maritime temperate; cool and rainy in north, warmer and drier in south
Coastline 0 km (landlocked) 1,793 km
Constitution 5 October 1921 25 April 1976; revised 30 October 1982, 1 June 1989, 5 November 1992, 3 September 1997, 12 December 2001, and 24 July 2004
Country name conventional long form:
Principality of Liechtenstein

conventional short form:
Liechtenstein

local long form:
Fuerstentum Liechtenstein

local short form:
Liechtenstein
conventional long form: Portuguese Republic


conventional short form: Portugal


local long form: Republica Portuguesa


local short form: Portugal
Currency Swiss franc (CHF) euro (EUR)


note: on 1 January 1999, the European Monetary Union introduced the euro as a common currency to be used by financial institutions of member countries; on 1 January 2002, the euro became the sole currency for everyday transactions within the member countries
Death rate 6.7 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) 10.37 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Debt - external $0 (1996) $250.7 billion (2003 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US the US does not have an embassy in Liechtenstein, but the US Ambassador to Switzerland is also accredited to Liechtenstein chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Adrienne S. O'NEAL


embassy: Avenida das Forcas Armadas, 1600-081 Lisbon


mailing address: Apartado 4258, 1507 Lisboa Codex; PSC 83, APO AE 09726


telephone: [351] (21) 727-3300


FAX: [351] (21) 726-9109


consulate(s): Ponta Delgada (Azores)
Diplomatic representation in the US Liechtenstein's Ambassador to the US, Claudia FRITSCHE, is dually accredited to the UN in New York chief of mission: Ambassador Pedro Manuel Dos Reis Alves CATARINO


chancery: 2125 Kalorama Road NW, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 328-8610


FAX: [1] (202) 462-3726


consulate(s) general: Boston, New York, Newark (New Jersey), and San Francisco


consulate(s): Los Angeles, New Bedford (Massachusetts), Providence (Rhode Island)
Disputes - international Liechtenstein's royal family claims restitution for 1,600 sq km of land in the Czech Republic confiscated in 1918 some Portuguese groups assert dormant claims to territories ceded to Spain around the town of Olivenza
Economic aid - donor - ODA, $271 million (1995)
Economic aid - recipient none -
Economy - overview Despite its small size and limited natural resources, Liechtenstein has developed into a prosperous, highly industrialized, free-enterprise economy with a vital financial service sector and living standards on a par with the urban areas of its large European neighbors. Low business taxes - the maximum tax rate is 18% - and easy incorporation rules have induced 73,700 holding or so-called letter box companies to establish nominal offices in Liechtenstein, providing 30% of state revenues. The country participates in a customs union with Switzerland and uses the Swiss franc as its national currency. It imports more than 90% of its energy requirements. Liechtenstein has been a member of the European Economic Area (an organization serving as a bridge between European Free Trade Association (EFTA) and EU) since May 1995. The government is working to harmonize its economic policies with those of an integrated Europe. Portugal has become a diversified and increasingly service-based economy since joining the European Community in 1986. Over the past decade, successive governments have privatized many state-controlled firms and liberalized key areas of the economy, including the financial and telecommunications sectors. The country qualified for the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) in 1998 and began circulating the euro on 1 January 2002 along with 11 other EU member economies. Economic growth has been above the EU average for much of the past decade, but fell back in 2001-03. GDP per capita stands at 70% of that of the leading EU economies. A poor educational system, in particular, has been an obstacle to greater productivity and growth. Portugal has been increasingly overshadowed by lower-cost producers in Central Europe and Asia as a target for foreign direct investment. The coalition government faces tough choices in its attempts to boost Portugal's economic competitiveness and to keep the budget deficit within the 3% EU ceiling.
Electricity - consumption NA kWh 41.48 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports NA kWh 3.479 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports NA kWh 3.743 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - production - 44.32 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
NA%

hydro:
NA%

nuclear:
NA%

other:
NA%
-
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Ruggeller Riet 430 m

highest point:
Grauspitz 2,599 m
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m


highest point: Ponta do Pico (Pico or Pico Alto) on Ilha do Pico in the Azores 2,351 m
Environment - current issues NA soil erosion; air pollution caused by industrial and vehicle emissions; water pollution, especially in coastal areas
Environment - international agreements party to:
Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Law of the Sea
party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Environmental Modification
Ethnic groups Alemannic 87.5%, Italian, Turkish, and other 12.5% homogeneous Mediterranean stock; citizens of black African descent who immigrated to mainland during decolonization number less than 100,000; since 1990 East Europeans have entered Portugal
Exchange rates Swiss francs per US dollar - 1.6303 (January 2001), 1.6888 (2000), 1.5022 (1999), 1.4498 (1998), 1.4513 (1997), 1.2360 (1996) euros per US dollar - 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999)
Executive branch chief of state:
Prince HANS ADAM II (since 13 November 1989, assumed executive powers 26 August 1984); Heir Apparent Prince ALOIS, son of the monarch (born 11 June 1968)

head of government:
Head of Government Mario FRICK (since 15 December 1993) and Deputy Head of Government Michael RITTER (since 2 February 1997)

cabinet:
Cabinet elected by the Diet; confirmed by the monarch

elections:
none; the monarch is hereditary; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party in the Diet is usually appointed the head of government by the monarch and the leader of the largest minority party in the Diet is usually appointed the deputy head of government by the monarch
chief of state: President Jorge SAMPAIO (since 9 March 1996)


head of government: Prime Minister Pedro SANTANA LOPES (since 17 July 2004); note - Prime Minister Jose Manuel DURAO BARROSO resigned 5 July 2004 to take over the Presidency of the European Commission; Prime Minister Pedro SANTANA LOPES and his government resigned 11 December 2004, but will stay on in a caretaker capacity until February 2005 elections


cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister


note: there is also a Council of State that acts as a consultative body to the president


elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 14 January 2001 (next to be held NA January 2006); following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the president


election results: Jorge SAMPAIO reelected president; percent of vote - Jorge SAMPAIO (Socialist) 55.8%, Joaquim FERREIRA Do Amaral (Social Democrat) 34.5%, Antonio ABREU (Communist) 5.1%
Exports $2.47 billion (1996) 28,830 bbl/day (2001)
Exports - commodities small specialty machinery, dental products, stamps, hardware, pottery clothing and footwear, machinery, chemicals, cork and paper products, hides
Exports - partners EU and EFTA countries 60.57% (Switzerland 15.7%) (1995) Spain 22.7%, Germany 15.2%, France 12.9%, UK 10.5%, US 5.8%, Italy 4.8%, Belgium 4.6% (2003)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description two equal horizontal bands of blue (top) and red with a gold crown on the hoist side of the blue band two vertical bands of green (hoist side, two-fifths) and red (three-fifths) with the Portuguese coat of arms centered on the dividing line
GDP purchasing power parity - $730 million (1998 est.) purchasing power parity - $181.8 billion (2003 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
NA%

industry:
NA%

services:
NA%
agriculture: 5.8%


industry: 30.7%


services: 63.2% (2003)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $23,000 (1998 est.) purchasing power parity - $18,000 (2003 est.)
GDP - real growth rate NA% -1.3% (2003 est.)
Geographic coordinates 47 10 N, 9 32 E 39 30 N, 8 00 W
Geography - note along with Uzbekistan, one of only two doubly landlocked countries in the world; variety of microclimatic variations based on elevation Azores and Madeira Islands occupy strategic locations along western sea approaches to Strait of Gibraltar
Highways total:
250 km

paved:
250 km

unpaved:
0 km
total: 68,732 km


paved: 59,110 km (including 1441 km of expressways)


unpaved: 9,622 km (2000)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
lowest 10%: 3.1%


highest 10%: 28.4% (1995 est.)
Illicit drugs multilateral organizations engaged in issuing international guidelines for financial sector oversight have found gaps in Liechtenstein's financial services controls that make it vulnerable to money laundering gateway country for Latin American cocaine and Southwest Asian heroin entering the European market (especially from Brazil); transshipment point for hashish from North Africa to Europe; consumer of Southwest Asian heroin
Imports $917.3 million (1996) 357,300 bbl/day (2001)
Imports - commodities machinery, metal goods, textiles, foodstuffs, motor vehicles machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, petroleum, textiles, agricultural products
Imports - partners EU countries, Switzerland (1996) Spain 29.1%, Germany 14.7%, France 9.9%, Italy 6.4%, UK 4.9%, Netherlands 4.6% (2003)
Independence 23 January 1719 Imperial Principality of Liechtenstein established; 12 July 1806 established independence from the Holy Roman Empire 1143 (Kingdom of Portugal recognized); 5 October 1910 (independent republic proclaimed)
Industrial production growth rate NA% 0.4% (2003 est.)
Industries electronics, metal manufacturing, textiles, ceramics, pharmaceuticals, food products, precision instruments, tourism textiles and footwear; wood pulp, paper, and cork; metalworking; oil refining; chemicals; fish canning; wine; tourism
Infant mortality rate 4.99 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) total: 5.13 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 5.6 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 4.62 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 0.5% (1997 est.) 3.3% (2003 est.)
International organization participation CE, EBRD, ECE, EFTA, IAEA, ICRM, IFRCS, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ITU, OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO (observer), WIPO, WTrO AfDB, AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAIA (observer), MIGA, NAM (guest), NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, ONUB, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIK, UNMISET, UPU, WCL, WCO, WEU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO, ZC
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 44 (Liechtenstein and Switzerland) (2000) -
Irrigated land NA sq km 6,320 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court or Oberster Gerichtshof; Superior Court or Obergericht Supreme Court or Supremo Tribunal de Justica (judges appointed for life by the Conselho Superior da Magistratura)
Labor force 22,891 of which 13,847 are foreigners; 8,231 commute from Austria and Switzerland to work each day 5.409 million (2003)
Labor force - by occupation industry, trade, and building 45%, services 53%, agriculture, fishing, forestry, and horticulture 2% (1997 est.) agriculture 10%, industry 30%, services 60% (1999 est.)
Land boundaries total:
76 km

border countries:
Austria 35 km, Switzerland 41 km
total: 1,214 km


border countries: Spain 1,214 km
Land use arable land:
24%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
16%

forests and woodland:
35%

other:
25% (1993 est.)
arable land: 21.75%


permanent crops: 7.81%


other: 70.44% (2001)
Languages German (official), Alemannic dialect Portuguese (official), Mirandese (official - but locally used)
Legal system local civil and penal codes; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations civil law system; the Constitutional Tribunal reviews the constitutionality of legislation; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Legislative branch unicameral Diet or Landtag (25 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote under proportional representation to serve four-year terms)

elections:
last held on 9-11 February 2001 (next to be held by NA 2005)

election results:
percent of vote by party - FBP 49.90%, VU 41.35%, FL 8.71%; seats by party - FBP 13, VU 11, FL 1
unicameral Assembly of the Republic or Assembleia da Republica (230 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)


elections: last held 17 March 2002 (next to be held 20 February 2005); note - President SAMPAIO called for early elections after dissolving Parliament on 10 December 2004 because he lacked confidence in the four-month center-right government


election results: percent of vote by party - PSD 40.1%, PS 37.8%, PP 8.7%, PCP/PEV 6.9%, The Left Bloc 2.7%; seats by party - PSD 105, PS 96, PP 14, PCP/PEV 12, The Left Bloc 3
Life expectancy at birth total population:
78.95 years

male:
75.32 years

female:
82.6 years (2001 est.)
total population: 77.35 years


male: 74.06 years


female: 80.85 years (2004 est.)
Literacy definition:
age 10 and over can read and write

total population:
100%

male:
100%

female:
100% (1981 est.)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 93.3%


male: 95.5%


female: 91.3% (2003 est.)
Location Central Europe, between Austria and Switzerland Southwestern Europe, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Spain
Map references Europe Europe
Maritime claims none (landlocked) territorial sea: 12 nm


contiguous zone: 24 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm


continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
Merchant marine - total: 122 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 872,557 GRT/1,236,025 DWT


by type: bulk 12, cargo 49, chemical tanker 19, container 8, liquefied gas 7, multi-functional large load carrier 1, passenger 6, petroleum tanker 7, refrigerated cargo 1, roll on/roll off 5, short-sea/passenger 5, vehicle carrier 2


foreign-owned: Australia 1, Belgium 1, Cyprus 1, Denmark 7, Germany 21, Greece 2, Guadeloupe 1, Iceland 1, Italy 16, Japan 1, Malta 1, Norway 7, Panama 1, Spain 18, Switzerland 7, Ukraine 1, United Kingdom 1


registered in other countries: 24 (2004 est.)
Military - note defense is the responsibility of Switzerland -
Military branches - Army, Navy (PON; including Marines), Air Force (FAP), Republican Guard (including Fiscal Guard)
Military expenditures - dollar figure - $3,497.8 million (2003)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP - 2.3% (2003)
Military manpower - availability - males age 15-49: 2,628,892 (2004 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service - males age 15-49: 2,107,502 (2004 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually - males: 72,821 (2004 est.)
National holiday Assumption Day, 15 August Portugal Day, 10 June (1580); note - also called Camoes Day, the day that revered national poet Luis de Camoes (1524-80) died
Nationality noun:
Liechtensteiner(s)

adjective:
Liechtenstein
noun: Portuguese (singular and plural)


adjective: Portuguese
Natural hazards NA Azores subject to severe earthquakes
Natural resources hydroelectric potential, arable land fish, forests (cork), iron ore, copper, zinc, tin, tungsten, silver, gold, uranium, marble, clay, gypsum, salt, arable land, hydropower
Net migration rate 4.98 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) 3.57 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Pipelines - gas 1,099 km; oil 8 km; refined products 174 km (2004)
Political parties and leaders Fatherland Union or VU [Dr. Oswald KRANZ]; Progressive Citizens' Party or FBP [Dr. Ernst WALCH]; The Free List or FL [Dr. Pepo FRICK, Karin JENNY, Rene HASLER] Green Ecologist Party or PEV [Heloisa APOLONIA]; Popular Party or PP [Paulo PORTAS]; Portuguese Communist Party or PCP [Jeronimo de SOUSA]; Portuguese Socialist Party or PS [Jose SOCRATES Carvalho Pinto de Sousa]; Social Democratic Party or PSD [Pedro Miguel SANTANA LOPES]; The Left Bloc or BE [Franciso Anacleto LOUCA]
Political pressure groups and leaders NA NA
Population 32,528 (July 2001 est.) 10,524,145 (July 2004 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% NA
Population growth rate 0.98% (2001 est.) 0.41% (2004 est.)
Ports and harbors none Aveiro, Funchal (Madeira Islands), Horta (Azores), Leixoes, Lisbon, Porto, Ponta Delgada (Azores), Praia da Vitoria (Azores), Setubal, Viana do Castelo
Radio broadcast stations AM 0, FM 4, shortwave 0 (1998) AM 47, FM 172 (many are repeaters), shortwave 2 (1998)
Radios 21,000 (1997) -
Railways total:
18.5 km; note - owned, operated, and included in statistics of Austrian Federal Railways

standard gauge:
18.5 km 1.435-m gauge (electrified)
total: 2,850 km


broad gauge: 2,576 km 1.668-m gauge (623 km electrified)


narrow gauge: 274 km 1.000-m gauge (2003)
Religions Roman Catholic 80%, Protestant 7.4%, unknown 7.7%, other 4.9% (1996) Roman Catholic 94%, Protestant (1995)
Sex ratio at birth:
1.01 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.67 male(s)/female

total population:
0.95 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.09 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.71 male(s)/female


total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2004 est.)
Suffrage 20 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment:
automatic telephone system

domestic:
NA

international:
linked to Swiss networks by cable and microwave radio relay
general assessment: Portugal's telephone system has achieved a state-of-the-art network with broadband, high-speed capabilities and a main line telephone density of 53%


domestic: integrated network of coaxial cables, open-wire, microwave radio relay, and domestic satellite earth stations


international: country code - 351; 6 submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean), NA Eutelsat; tropospheric scatter to Azores; note - an earth station for Inmarsat (Atlantic Ocean region) is planned
Telephones - main lines in use 20,000 (1997) 4,278,800 (2003)
Telephones - mobile cellular NA 9,341,400 (2003)
Television broadcast stations NA (linked to Swiss networks) (1997) 62 (plus 166 repeaters)


note: includes Azores and Madeira Islands (1995)
Terrain mostly mountainous (Alps) with Rhine Valley in western third mountainous north of the Tagus River, rolling plains in south
Total fertility rate 1.5 children born/woman (2001 est.) 1.46 children born/woman (2004 est.)
Unemployment rate 1.8% (February 1999) 6.4% (2003 est.)
Waterways none 210 km (on Douro River from Porto) (2003)
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