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Compare Honduras (2001) - Moldova (2004)

Compare Honduras (2001) z Moldova (2004)

 Honduras (2001)Moldova (2004)
 HondurasMoldova
Administrative divisions 18 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento); Atlantida, Choluteca, Colon, Comayagua, Copan, Cortes, El Paraiso, Francisco Morazan, Gracias a Dios, Intibuca, Islas de la Bahia, La Paz, Lempira, Ocotepeque, Olancho, Santa Barbara, Valle, Yoro 32 raions (raioane, singular - raionul), 3 municipalities (municipiul), 1 autonomous territorial unit (unitatea teritoriala autonoma), and 1 territorial unit (unitatea teritoriala)

counties: Anenii Noi, Basarabeasca, Briceni, Cahul, Cantemir, Calarasi, Causeni, Cimislia, Criuleni, Donduseni, Drochia, Dubasari, Edinet, Falesti, Floresti, Glodeni, Hincesti, Ialoveni, Leova, Nisporeni, Ocnita, Orhei, Rezina, Riscani, Singerei, Soldanesti, Soroca, Stefan-Voda, Straseni, Taraclia, Telenesti, Ungheni

municipalities: Balti, Bender, Chisinau

autonomous territorial unit: Gagauzia

territorial unit: Stinga Nistrului
Age structure 0-14 years:
42.22% (male 1,381,823; female 1,322,684)

15-64 years:
54.21% (male 1,719,593; female 1,753,003)

65 years and over:
3.57% (male 108,271; female 120,678) (2001 est.)
0-14 years: 20.6% (male 466,485; female 449,645)


15-64 years: 69.1% (male 1,478,220; female 1,595,695)


65 years and over: 10.3% (male 169,026; female 287,384) (2004 est.)
Agriculture - products bananas, coffee, citrus; beef; timber; shrimp vegetables, fruits, wine, grain, sugar beets, sunflower seed, tobacco; beef, milk
Airports 119 (2000 est.) 24 (2003 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total:
12

2,438 to 3,047 m:
3

1,524 to 2,437 m:
2

914 to 1,523 m:
4

under 914 m:
3 (2000 est.)
total: 6


over 3,047 m: 1


2,438 to 3,047 m: 2


1,524 to 2,437 m: 2


under 914 m: 1 (2003 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
107

1,524 to 2,437 m:
2

914 to 1,523 m:
21

under 914 m:
84 (2000 est.)
total: 18


2,438 to 3,047 m: 2


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 4


under 914 m: 11 (2003 est.)
Area total:
112,090 sq km

land:
111,890 sq km

water:
200 sq km
total: 33,843 sq km


land: 33,371 sq km


water: 472 sq km
Area - comparative slightly larger than Tennessee slightly larger than Maryland
Background Part of Spain's vast empire in the New World, Honduras became an independent nation in 1821. After two and one-half decades of mostly military rule, a freely elected civilian government came to power in 1982. During the 1980s, Honduras proved a haven for anti-Sandinista contras fighting the Marxist Nicaraguan Government and an ally to Salvadoran Government forces fighting against leftist guerrillas. Formerly part of Romania, Moldova was incorporated into the Soviet Union at the close of World War II. Although independent from the USSR since 1991, Russian forces have remained on Moldovan territory east of the Dniester River supporting the Slavic majority population, mostly Ukrainians and Russians, who have proclaimed a "Transnistria" republic. The poorest nation in Europe, Moldova became the first former Soviet state to elect a Communist as its president in 2001.
Birth rate 31.94 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) 14.81 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Budget revenues:
$607 million

expenditures:
$411.9 million, including capital expenditures of $106 million (1999 est.)
revenues: $474.8 million


expenditures: $443.4 million, including capital expenditures of NA (2003 est.)
Capital Tegucigalpa Chisinau
Climate subtropical in lowlands, temperate in mountains moderate winters, warm summers
Coastline 820 km 0 km (landlocked)
Constitution 11 January 1982, effective 20 January 1982; amended 1995 new constitution adopted 28 July 1994; replaces old Soviet constitution of 1979
Country name conventional long form:
Republic of Honduras

conventional short form:
Honduras

local long form:
Republica de Honduras

local short form:
Honduras
conventional long form: Republic of Moldova


conventional short form: Moldova


local long form: Republica Moldova


local short form: none


former: Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic; Moldovan Soviet Socialist Republic
Currency lempira (HNL) Moldovan leu (MDL)
Death rate 5.52 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) 12.76 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Debt - external $5.4 billion (2000) $1.515 billion (2003)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Frank ALMAGUER

embassy:
Avenida La Paz, Apartado Postal No. 3453, Tegucigalpa

mailing address:
American Embassy, APO AA 34022, Tegucigalpa

telephone:
[504] 238-5114, 236-9320

FAX:
[504] 236-9037
chief of mission: Ambassador Heather M. HODGES


embassy: 103 Mateevici Street, Chisinau MD-2009


mailing address: use embassy street address


telephone: [373] (22) 408-300


FAX: [373] (22) 23-30-44
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Hugo NOE PINO

chancery:
Suite 4-M, 3007 Tilden Street NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:
[1] (202) 966-7702

FAX:
[1] (202) 966-9751

consulate(s) general:
Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New Orleans, New York, San Francisco, San Juan (Puerto Rico)

honorary consulate(s):
Boston, Detroit, and Jacksonville
chief of mission: Ambassador Mihail MANOLI


chancery: 2101 S Street NW, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 667-1130


FAX: [1] (202) 667-1204
Disputes - international with respect to the maritime boundary in the Golfo de Fonseca, the ICJ referred to the line determined by the 1900 Honduras-Nicaragua Mixed Boundary Commission and advised that some tripartite resolution among El Salvador, Honduras, and Nicaragua likely would be required; the maritime boundary dispute with Nicaragua in the Caribbean Sea is before the ICJ difficulties with the Transnistria region complicate controlling border crossing and customs regimes with Ukraine, despite concordance on 2003 delimitation and customs protocols and OSCE assistance
Economic aid - recipient $557.8 million (1999) $100 million (2000)
Economy - overview Honduras, one of the poorest countries in the Western Hemisphere, is banking on expanded trade privileges under the Enhanced Caribbean Basin Initiative and on debt relief under the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) initiative. While reconstruction from 1998's Hurricane Mitch is at an advanced stage, and the country has met most of its macroeconomic targets, it failed to meet the IMF's goals to liberalize its energy and telecommunications sectors. Economic growth has rebounded nicely since the hurricane and should continue in 2001. Moldova remains the poorest country in Europe despite recent progress from its small economic base. It enjoys a favorable climate and good farmland but has no major mineral deposits. As a result, the economy depends heavily on agriculture, featuring fruits, vegetables, wine, and tobacco. Moldova must import almost all of its energy supplies from Russia. Energy shortages contributed to sharp production declines after the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991. As part of an ambitious reform effort, Moldova introduced a convertible currency, freed prices, stopped issuing preferential credits to state enterprises, backed steady land privatization, removed export controls, and freed interest rates. The government entered into agreements with the World Bank and the IMF to promote growth and reduce poverty. The economy returned to positive growth, of 2.1% in 2000, 6.1% in 2001, 7.2% in 2002, and 6.3% in 2003. Further reforms will come slowly because of strong political forces backing government controls. The economy remains vulnerable to higher fuel prices, poor agricultural weather, and the skepticism of foreign investors.
Electricity - consumption 3.232 billion kWh (1999) 3.216 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (1999) 0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports 145 million kWh (1999) 60 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - production 3.319 billion kWh (1999) 3.394 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
44.71%

hydro:
55.29%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
-
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Caribbean Sea 0 m

highest point:
Cerro Las Minas 2,870 m
lowest point: Dniester River 2 m


highest point: Dealul Balanesti 430 m
Environment - current issues urban population expanding; deforestation results from logging and the clearing of land for agricultural purposes; further land degradation and soil erosion hastened by uncontrolled development and improper land use practices such as farming of marginal lands; mining activities polluting Lago de Yojoa (the country's largest source of fresh water) as well as several rivers and streams with heavy metals; severe Hurricane Mitch damage heavy use of agricultural chemicals, including banned pesticides such as DDT, has contaminated soil and groundwater; extensive soil erosion from poor farming methods
Environment - international agreements party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements
party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection


signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants
Ethnic groups mestizo (mixed Amerindian and European) 90%, Amerindian 7%, black 2%, white 1% Moldovan/Romanian 64.5%, Ukrainian 13.8%, Russian 13%, Jewish 1.5%, Bulgarian 2%, Gagauz and other 5.2% (1989 est.)


note: internal disputes with ethnic Slavs in the Transnistrian region
Exchange rates lempiras per US dollar - 15.1407 (December 2000), 15.1407 (2000), 14.5039 (1999), 13.8076 (1998), 13.0942 (1997), 12.8694 (1996) lei per US dollar - 13.9449 (2003), 13.5705 (2002), 12.8651 (2001), 12.4342 (2000), 10.5158 (1999)
Executive branch chief of state:
President Carlos Roberto FLORES Facusse (since 27 January 1998); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government; First Vice President William HANDAL (since NA); Second Vice President Gladys CABALLERO de Arevalo (since NA); Third Vice President Hector Vidal CERRATO Hernandez (since NA)

head of government:
President Carlos Roberto FLORES Facusse (since 27 January 1998); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government; First Vice President William HANDAL (since NA); Second Vice President Gladys CABALLERO de Arevalo (since NA); Third Vice President Hector Vidal CERRATO Hernandez (since NA)

cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by president

elections:
president elected by popular vote for a four-year term; election last held 30 November 1997 (next to be held 25 November 2001)

election results:
Carlos Roberto FLORES Facusse elected president; percent of vote - Carlos Roberto FLORES Facusse (PL) 50%, Nora de MELGAR (PN) 40%, other 10%
chief of state: President Vladimir VORONIN (since 4 April 2001)


head of government: Prime Minister Vasile TARLEV (since 15 April 2001), First Deputy Prime Minister Vasile IOVV (since 29 January 2002)


cabinet: selected by president, subject to approval of Parliament


elections: president elected by Parliament for a four-year term; election last held 4 April 2001 (next to be held NA 2005); note - presidential elections were scheduled for December 2000, but in July 2000, Parliament canceled direct, popular elections; Parliament's failure to choose a new president in December 2000 led to early parliamentary elections in February 2001; prime minister designated by the president, upon consultation with Parliament; note - within 15 days from designation, the prime minister-designate must request a vote of confidence from the Parliament regarding his/her work program and entire cabinet; prime minister designated 15 April 2001, cabinet received a vote of confidence 19 April 2001


election results: Vladimir VORONIN elected president; parliamentary votes - Vladimir VORONIN 71, Dumitru BRAGHIS 15, Valerian CRISTEA 3; Vasile TARLEV designated prime minister; parliamentary votes of confidence - 75 of 101
Exports $2 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.) NA (2001)
Exports - commodities coffee, bananas, shrimp, lobster, meat; zinc, lumber foodstuffs, textiles, machinery
Exports - partners US 35.4%, Germany 7.5%, El Salvador 6.4%, Guatemala 5.8%, Nicaragua 4.8% (1999) Russia 39%, Romania 11.4%, Italy 10.4%, Germany 7.1%, Ukraine 7.1%, Belarus 5.2%, US 4.3% (2003)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, and blue with five blue five-pointed stars arranged in an X pattern centered in the white band; the stars represent the members of the former Federal Republic of Central America - Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua; similar to the flag of El Salvador, which features a round emblem encircled by the words REPUBLICA DE EL SALVADOR EN LA AMERICA CENTRAL centered in the white band; also similar to the flag of Nicaragua, which features a triangle encircled by the word REPUBLICA DE NICARAGUA on top and AMERICA CENTRAL on the bottom, centered in the white band same color scheme as Romania - three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red; emblem in center of flag is of a Roman eagle of gold outlined in black with a red beak and talons carrying a yellow cross in its beak and a green olive branch in its right talons and a yellow scepter in its left talons; on its breast is a shield divided horizontally red over blue with a stylized ox head, star, rose, and crescent all in black-outlined yellow
GDP purchasing power parity - $17 billion (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $7.792 billion (2003 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
16.2%

industry:
31.9%

services:
51.9% (1999 est.)
agriculture: 21%


industry: 27%


services: 52% (2003)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $2,700 (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $1,800 (2003 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 5% (2000 est.) 6.3% (2003 est.)
Geographic coordinates 15 00 N, 86 30 W 47 00 N, 29 00 E
Geography - note - landlocked; well endowed with various sedimentary rocks and minerals including sand, gravel, gypsum, and limestone
Highways total:
15,400 km

paved:
3,126 km

unpaved:
12,274 km (1999 est.)
total: 12,657 km


paved: 11,012 km


unpaved: 1,645 km (1999)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
1.2%

highest 10%:
42.1% (1996)
lowest 10%: 2.2%


highest 10%: 30.7% (1997)
Illicit drugs transshipment point for drugs and narcotics; illicit producer of cannabis, cultivated on small plots and used principally for local consumption; corruption is a major problem; vulnerable to money laundering limited cultivation of opium poppy and cannabis, mostly for CIS consumption; transshipment point for illicit drugs from Southwest Asia via Central Asia to Russia, Western Europe, and possibly the US; widespread crime and underground economic activity
Imports $2.8 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.) NA (2001)
Imports - commodities machinery and transport equipment, industrial raw materials, chemical products, fuels, foodstuffs mineral products and fuel 32%, machinery and equipment, chemicals, textiles (2000)
Imports - partners US 47.1%, Guatemala 7.4%, El Salvador 5.9%, Mexico 4.8%, Japan 4.7% (1999) Ukraine 22%, Russia 13%, Germany 9.7%, Italy 8.3%, Romania 7% (2003)
Independence 15 September 1821 (from Spain) 27 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)
Industrial production growth rate 4% (1999 est.) 17% (2003 est.)
Industries sugar, coffee, textiles, clothing, wood products food processing, agricultural machinery, foundry equipment, refrigerators and freezers, washing machines, hosiery, sugar, vegetable oil, shoes, textiles
Infant mortality rate 30.88 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) total: 41 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 43.96 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 37.89 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 11% (2000 est.) 11.6% (2003 est.)
International organization participation BCIE, CACM, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, LAES, LAIA (observer), MINURSO, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO ACCT, BSEC, CE, CEI, CIS, EAPC, EBRD, FAO, GUUAM, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICFTU, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNOCI, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 8 (2000) -
Irrigated land 740 sq km (1993 est.) 3,070 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (judges are elected for four-year terms by the National Congress) Supreme Court; Constitutional Court (the sole authority for constitutional judicature)
Labor force 2.3 million (1997 est.) 1.383 million (2003)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 29%, industry 21%, services 50% (1998 est.) agriculture 40%, industry 14%, services 46% (1998)
Land boundaries total:
1,520 km

border countries:
Guatemala 256 km, El Salvador 342 km, Nicaragua 922 km
total: 1,389 km


border countries: Romania 450 km, Ukraine 939 km
Land use arable land:
15%

permanent crops:
3%

permanent pastures:
14%

forests and woodland:
54%

other:
14% (1993 est.)
arable land: 55.3%


permanent crops: 10.79%


other: 33.91% (2001)
Languages Spanish, Amerindian dialects Moldovan (official, virtually the same as the Romanian language), Russian, Gagauz (a Turkish dialect)
Legal system rooted in Roman and Spanish civil law with increasing influence of English common law; recent judicial reforms include abandoning Napoleonic legal codes in favor of the oral adversarial system; accepts ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations based on civil law system; Constitutional Court reviews legality of legislative acts and governmental decisions of resolution; it is unclear if Moldova accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction but accepts many UN and Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) documents
Legislative branch unicameral National Congress or Congreso Nacional (128 seats; members are elected proportionally to the number of votes their party's presidential candidate receives to serve four-year terms)

elections:
last held on 30 November 1997 (next to be held 25 November 2001)

election results:
percent of vote by party - PL 46%, PN 38%, PINU-SD 4%, PDC 2%, PUD 2%; seats by party - PL 67, PN 55, PINU-SD 3, PDC 2, PUD 1
unicameral Parliament or Parlamentul (101 seats; parties and electoral blocs elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)


elections: last held 25 February 2001 (next to be held NA 2005)


election results: percent of vote by party - PCRM 50.1%, Braghis Alliance (now Our Moldova Alliance) 13.4%, PPCD 8.2%, other parties 28.3%; seats by party - PCRM 71, Braghis Alliance (now Our Moldova Alliance) 19, PPCD 11
Life expectancy at birth total population:
69.35 years

male:
67.51 years

female:
71.28 years (2001 est.)
total population: 65.03 years


male: 60.88 years


female: 69.39 years (2004 est.)
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
72.7%

male:
72.6%

female:
72.7% (1995 est.)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 99.1%


male: 99.6%


female: 98.7% (2003 est.)
Location Middle America, bordering the Caribbean Sea, between Guatemala and Nicaragua and bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between El Salvador and Nicaragua Eastern Europe, northeast of Romania
Map references Central America and the Caribbean Europe
Maritime claims contiguous zone:
24 NM

continental shelf:
natural extension of territory or to 200 NM

exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
none (landlocked)
Merchant marine total:
313 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 760,819 GRT/820,582 DWT

ships by type:
bulk 21, cargo 187, chemical tanker 7, container 4, livestock carrier 2, passenger 2, passenger/cargo 4, petroleum tanker 52, refrigerated cargo 17, roll on/roll off 8, short-sea passenger 5, specialized tanker 2, vehicle carrier 2

note:
includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Russia 4, Singapore 2, Vietnam 1 (2000 est.)
total: 1 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 1,636 GRT/1,088 DWT


by type: cargo 1


foreign-owned: 2 Russia 1


registered in other countries: 4
Military branches Army, Navy (includes Marines), Air Force National Army: Ground Forces, Air Force
Military expenditures - dollar figure $35 million (FY99) $9.5 million (FY03)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 0.6% (FY99) 0.4% (FY02)
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49:
1,515,101 (2001 est.)
males age 15-49: 1,186,818 (2004 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49:
902,220 (2001 est.)
males age 15-49: 942,071 (2004 est.)
Military manpower - military age 18 years of age -
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males:
72,335 (2001 est.)
males: 44,466 (2004 est.)
National holiday Independence Day, 15 September (1821) Independence Day, 27 August (1991)
Nationality noun:
Honduran(s)

adjective:
Honduran
noun: Moldovan(s)


adjective: Moldovan
Natural hazards frequent, but generally mild, earthquakes; damaging hurricanes and floods along Caribbean coast landslides (57 cases in 1998)
Natural resources timber, gold, silver, copper, lead, zinc, iron ore, antimony, coal, fish, hydropower lignite, phosphorites, gypsum, arable land, limestone
Net migration rate -2.12 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) -0.26 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Pipelines - gas 606 km (2004)
Political parties and leaders Christian Democratic Party or PDC [Efrain DIAZ Arrivillaga, president]; Democratic Unification Party or PUD [Marias FUNES Valladares, president]; Liberal Party or PL [Carlos Roberto FLORES Facusse, president]; National Innovation and Unity Party-Social Democratic Party or PINU-SD [Olban VALLADARES, president]; National Party of Honduras or PN [Carlos URBIZO, president] Democratic Modova Bloc [Serafim URECHEANU] includes: Democratic Party [Dumitru DIACOV], Our Moldova Alliance [Dumitru BRAGHIS, Serafim URECHEANU], Social Liberal Party [Oleg SEREBRIAN]; Communist Party of the Republic of Moldova or PCRM [Vladimir VORONIN, first chairman]; Popular Christian Democratic Party or PPCD [Iurie ROSCA]
Political pressure groups and leaders Committee for the Defense of Human Rights in Honduras or CODEH; Confederation of Honduran Workers or CTH; Coordinating Committee of Popular Organizations or CCOP; General Workers Confederation or CGT; Honduran Council of Private Enterprise or COHEP; National Association of Honduran Campesinos or ANACH; National Union of Campesinos or UNC; Popular Bloc or BP; United Federation of Honduran Workers or FUTH NA
Population 6,406,052

note:
estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2001 est.)
4,446,455 (July 2004 est.)
Population below poverty line 53% (1993 est.) 80% (2001 est.)
Population growth rate 2.43% (2001 est.) 0.18% (2004 est.)
Ports and harbors La Ceiba, Puerto Castilla, Puerto Cortes, San Lorenzo, Tela, Puerto Lempira none
Radio broadcast stations AM 241, FM 53, shortwave 12 (1998) AM 7, FM 50, shortwave 3 (1998)
Radios 2.45 million (1997) -
Railways total:
595 km

narrow gauge:
349 km 1.067-m gauge; 246 km 0.914-m gauge (1999)
total: 1,138 km


broad gauge: 1,124 km 1.520-m gauge


standard gauge: 14 km 1.435-m gauge (2003)
Religions Roman Catholic 97%, Protestant minority Eastern Orthodox 98%, Jewish 1.5%, Baptist and other 0.5% (2000)
Sex ratio at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.04 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.98 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.9 male(s)/female

total population:
1 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.93 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.59 male(s)/female


total population: 0.91 male(s)/female (2004 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal and compulsory 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment:
inadequate system

domestic:
NA

international:
satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); connected to Central American Microwave System
general assessment: inadequate, outmoded, poor service outside Chisinau; some effort to modernize is under way


domestic: new subscribers face long wait for service; mobile cellular telephone service being introduced


international: country code - 373; service through Romania and Russia via landline; satellite earth stations - Intelsat, Eutelsat, and Intersputnik
Telephones - main lines in use 234,000 (1997) 706,900 (2002)
Telephones - mobile cellular 14,427 (1997) 338,200 (2002)
Television broadcast stations 11 (plus 17 repeaters) (1997) 1 (plus 30 repeaters) (1995)
Terrain mostly mountains in interior, narrow coastal plains rolling steppe, gradual slope south to Black Sea
Total fertility rate 4.15 children born/woman (2001 est.) 1.78 children born/woman (2004 est.)
Unemployment rate 28% (2000 est.) 8% (roughly 25% of working age Moldovans are employed abroad) (2002 est.)
Waterways 465 km (navigable by small craft) 424 km (2004)
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