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Compare Honduras (2001) - Bhutan (2006)

Compare Honduras (2001) z Bhutan (2006)

 Honduras (2001)Bhutan (2006)
 HondurasBhutan
Administrative divisions 18 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento); Atlantida, Choluteca, Colon, Comayagua, Copan, Cortes, El Paraiso, Francisco Morazan, Gracias a Dios, Intibuca, Islas de la Bahia, La Paz, Lempira, Ocotepeque, Olancho, Santa Barbara, Valle, Yoro 18 districts (dzongkhag, singular and plural); Bumthang, Chhukha, Chirang, Dagana, Geylegphug, Ha, Lhuntshi, Mongar, Paro, Pemagatsel, Punakha, Samchi, Samdrup Jongkhar, Shemgang, Tashigang, Thimphu, Tongsa, Wangdi Phodrang


note: there may be two new districts named Gasa and Yangtse
Age structure 0-14 years:
42.22% (male 1,381,823; female 1,322,684)

15-64 years:
54.21% (male 1,719,593; female 1,753,003)

65 years and over:
3.57% (male 108,271; female 120,678) (2001 est.)
0-14 years: 38.9% (male 458,801/female 426,947)


15-64 years: 57.1% (male 671,057/female 631,078)


65 years and over: 4% (male 46,217/female 45,623) (2006 est.)
Agriculture - products bananas, coffee, citrus; beef; timber; shrimp rice, corn, root crops, citrus, foodgrains; dairy products, eggs
Airports 119 (2000 est.) 2 (2006)
Airports - with paved runways total:
12

2,438 to 3,047 m:
3

1,524 to 2,437 m:
2

914 to 1,523 m:
4

under 914 m:
3 (2000 est.)
total: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2006)
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
107

1,524 to 2,437 m:
2

914 to 1,523 m:
21

under 914 m:
84 (2000 est.)
total: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2006)
Area total:
112,090 sq km

land:
111,890 sq km

water:
200 sq km
total: 47,000 sq km


land: 47,000 sq km


water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative slightly larger than Tennessee about half the size of Indiana
Background Part of Spain's vast empire in the New World, Honduras became an independent nation in 1821. After two and one-half decades of mostly military rule, a freely elected civilian government came to power in 1982. During the 1980s, Honduras proved a haven for anti-Sandinista contras fighting the Marxist Nicaraguan Government and an ally to Salvadoran Government forces fighting against leftist guerrillas. In 1865, Britain and Bhutan signed the Treaty of Sinchulu, under which Bhutan would receive an annual subsidy in exchange for ceding some border land to British India. Under British influence, a monarchy was set up in 1907; three years later, a treaty was signed whereby the British agreed not to interfere in Bhutanese internal affairs and Bhutan allowed Britain to direct its foreign affairs. This role was assumed by independent India after 1947. Two years later, a formal Indo-Bhutanese accord returned the areas of Bhutan annexed by the British, formalized the annual subsidies the country received, and defined India's responsibilities in defense and foreign relations. A refugee issue of some 100,000 Bhutanese in Nepal remains unresolved; 90% of the refugees are housed in seven United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) camps. In March 2005, King Jigme Singye WANGCHUCK unveiled the government's draft constitution - which would introduce major democratic reforms - and pledged to hold a national referendum for its approval. A referendum date has yet to be named.
Birth rate 31.94 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) 33.65 births/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Budget revenues:
$607 million

expenditures:
$411.9 million, including capital expenditures of $106 million (1999 est.)
revenues: $346.6 million


expenditures: including capital expenditures of $NA


note: the government of India finances nearly three-fifths of Bhutan's budget expenditures (FY95/96 est.)
Capital Tegucigalpa name: Thimphu


geographic coordinates: 27 28 N, 89 39 E


time difference: UTC+6 (11 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Climate subtropical in lowlands, temperate in mountains varies; tropical in southern plains; cool winters and hot summers in central valleys; severe winters and cool summers in Himalayas
Coastline 820 km 0 km (landlocked)
Constitution 11 January 1982, effective 20 January 1982; amended 1995 no written constitution or bill of rights; note - in 2001, the king commissioned the drafting of a constitution, and in March 2005 publicly unveiled it; is awaiting national referendum
Country name conventional long form:
Republic of Honduras

conventional short form:
Honduras

local long form:
Republica de Honduras

local short form:
Honduras
conventional long form: Kingdom of Bhutan


conventional short form: Bhutan


local long form: Druk Gyalkhap


local short form: Druk Yul
Currency lempira (HNL) -
Death rate 5.52 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) 12.7 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Debt - external $5.4 billion (2000) $593 million (2004)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Frank ALMAGUER

embassy:
Avenida La Paz, Apartado Postal No. 3453, Tegucigalpa

mailing address:
American Embassy, APO AA 34022, Tegucigalpa

telephone:
[504] 238-5114, 236-9320

FAX:
[504] 236-9037
the US and Bhutan have no formal diplomatic relations, although informal contact is maintained between the Bhutanese and US Embassy in New Delhi (India)
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Hugo NOE PINO

chancery:
Suite 4-M, 3007 Tilden Street NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:
[1] (202) 966-7702

FAX:
[1] (202) 966-9751

consulate(s) general:
Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New Orleans, New York, San Francisco, San Juan (Puerto Rico)

honorary consulate(s):
Boston, Detroit, and Jacksonville
none; note - Bhutan has a Permanent Mission to the UN; address: 2 United Nations Plaza, 27th Floor, New York, NY 10017; telephone [1] (212) 826-1919; FAX [1] (212) 826-2998; the Bhutanese mission to the UN has consular jurisdiction in the US


consulate(s) general: New York
Disputes - international with respect to the maritime boundary in the Golfo de Fonseca, the ICJ referred to the line determined by the 1900 Honduras-Nicaragua Mixed Boundary Commission and advised that some tripartite resolution among El Salvador, Honduras, and Nicaragua likely would be required; the maritime boundary dispute with Nicaragua in the Caribbean Sea is before the ICJ approximately 105,000 Bhutanese have lived decades as refugees in Nepal, 90% of whom reside in seven UN Office of the High Commissioner for Refugees camps; Bhutan cooperates with India to expel Indian separatists
Economic aid - recipient $557.8 million (1999) $78 million substantial aid from India and other nations
Economy - overview Honduras, one of the poorest countries in the Western Hemisphere, is banking on expanded trade privileges under the Enhanced Caribbean Basin Initiative and on debt relief under the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) initiative. While reconstruction from 1998's Hurricane Mitch is at an advanced stage, and the country has met most of its macroeconomic targets, it failed to meet the IMF's goals to liberalize its energy and telecommunications sectors. Economic growth has rebounded nicely since the hurricane and should continue in 2001. The economy, one of the world's smallest and least developed, is based on agriculture and forestry, which provide the main livelihood for more than 90% of the population. Agriculture consists largely of subsistence farming and animal husbandry. Rugged mountains dominate the terrain and make the building of roads and other infrastructure difficult and expensive. The economy is closely aligned with India's through strong trade and monetary links and dependence on India's financial assistance. The industrial sector is technologically backward, with most production of the cottage industry type. Most development projects, such as road construction, rely on Indian migrant labor. Bhutan's hydropower potential and its attraction for tourists are key resources. Model education, social, and environment programs are underway with support from multilateral development organizations. Each economic program takes into account the government's desire to protect the country's environment and cultural traditions. For example, the government, in its cautious expansion of the tourist sector, encourages visits by upscale, environmentally conscientious tourists. Detailed controls and uncertain policies in areas like industrial licensing, trade, labor, and finance continue to hamper foreign investment.
Electricity - consumption 3.232 billion kWh (1999) 250.3 million kWh (2003)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (1999) 1.51 billion kWh (2003)
Electricity - imports 145 million kWh (1999) 10 million kWh (2003)
Electricity - production 3.319 billion kWh (1999) 1.882 billion kWh (2003)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
44.71%

hydro:
55.29%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
-
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Caribbean Sea 0 m

highest point:
Cerro Las Minas 2,870 m
lowest point: Drangme Chhu 97 m


highest point: Kula Kangri 7,553 m
Environment - current issues urban population expanding; deforestation results from logging and the clearing of land for agricultural purposes; further land degradation and soil erosion hastened by uncontrolled development and improper land use practices such as farming of marginal lands; mining activities polluting Lago de Yojoa (the country's largest source of fresh water) as well as several rivers and streams with heavy metals; severe Hurricane Mitch damage soil erosion; limited access to potable water
Environment - international agreements party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes


signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
Ethnic groups mestizo (mixed Amerindian and European) 90%, Amerindian 7%, black 2%, white 1% Bhote 50%, ethnic Nepalese 35% (includes Lhotsampas - one of several Nepalese ethnic groups), indigenous or migrant tribes 15%
Exchange rates lempiras per US dollar - 15.1407 (December 2000), 15.1407 (2000), 14.5039 (1999), 13.8076 (1998), 13.0942 (1997), 12.8694 (1996) ngultrum per US dollar - 44.101 (2005), 45.317 (2004), 46.583 (2003), 48.61 (2002), 47.186 (2001)
Executive branch chief of state:
President Carlos Roberto FLORES Facusse (since 27 January 1998); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government; First Vice President William HANDAL (since NA); Second Vice President Gladys CABALLERO de Arevalo (since NA); Third Vice President Hector Vidal CERRATO Hernandez (since NA)

head of government:
President Carlos Roberto FLORES Facusse (since 27 January 1998); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government; First Vice President William HANDAL (since NA); Second Vice President Gladys CABALLERO de Arevalo (since NA); Third Vice President Hector Vidal CERRATO Hernandez (since NA)

cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by president

elections:
president elected by popular vote for a four-year term; election last held 30 November 1997 (next to be held 25 November 2001)

election results:
Carlos Roberto FLORES Facusse elected president; percent of vote - Carlos Roberto FLORES Facusse (PL) 50%, Nora de MELGAR (PN) 40%, other 10%
chief of state: King Jigme Singye WANGCHUCK (since 24 July 1972)


head of government: Chairman of the Council of Ministers Sangay NGEDUP (since 5 September 2005)


cabinet: Council of Ministers (Lhengye Shungtsog) nominated by the monarch, approved by the National Assembly; members serve fixed, five-year terms; note - there is also a Royal Advisory Council (Lodoi Tsokde), members nominated by the monarch


elections: none; the monarch is hereditary, but democratic reforms in July 1998 grant the National Assembly authority to remove the monarch with two-thirds vote
Exports $2 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.) NA bbl/day
Exports - commodities coffee, bananas, shrimp, lobster, meat; zinc, lumber electricity (to India), cardamom, gypsum, timber, handicrafts, cement, fruit, precious stones, spices
Exports - partners US 35.4%, Germany 7.5%, El Salvador 6.4%, Guatemala 5.8%, Nicaragua 4.8% (1999) Japan 33.2%, Germany 13.6%, France 13.5%, South Korea 7.8%, US 7.7%, Thailand 5.8%, Italy 5.1% (2005)
Fiscal year calendar year 1 July - 30 June
Flag description three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, and blue with five blue five-pointed stars arranged in an X pattern centered in the white band; the stars represent the members of the former Federal Republic of Central America - Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua; similar to the flag of El Salvador, which features a round emblem encircled by the words REPUBLICA DE EL SALVADOR EN LA AMERICA CENTRAL centered in the white band; also similar to the flag of Nicaragua, which features a triangle encircled by the word REPUBLICA DE NICARAGUA on top and AMERICA CENTRAL on the bottom, centered in the white band divided diagonally from the lower hoist side corner; the upper triangle is yellow and the lower triangle is orange; centered along the dividing line is a large black and white dragon facing away from the hoist side
GDP purchasing power parity - $17 billion (2000 est.) -
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
16.2%

industry:
31.9%

services:
51.9% (1999 est.)
agriculture: 25.8%


industry: 37.9%


services: 36.3% (2002 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $2,700 (2000 est.) -
GDP - real growth rate 5% (2000 est.) 5.9% (2005 est.)
Geographic coordinates 15 00 N, 86 30 W 27 30 N, 90 30 E
Geography - note - landlocked; strategic location between China and India; controls several key Himalayan mountain passes
Highways total:
15,400 km

paved:
3,126 km

unpaved:
12,274 km (1999 est.)
-
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
1.2%

highest 10%:
42.1% (1996)
lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
Illicit drugs transshipment point for drugs and narcotics; illicit producer of cannabis, cultivated on small plots and used principally for local consumption; corruption is a major problem; vulnerable to money laundering -
Imports $2.8 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.) NA bbl/day
Imports - commodities machinery and transport equipment, industrial raw materials, chemical products, fuels, foodstuffs fuel and lubricants, grain, machinery and parts, vehicles, fabrics, rice
Imports - partners US 47.1%, Guatemala 7.4%, El Salvador 5.9%, Mexico 4.8%, Japan 4.7% (1999) Hong Kong 68.4%, Mexico 20.8%, France 3.9% (2005)
Independence 15 September 1821 (from Spain) 8 August 1949 (from India)
Industrial production growth rate 4% (1999 est.) 9.3% (1996 est.)
Industries sugar, coffee, textiles, clothing, wood products cement, wood products, processed fruits, alcoholic beverages, calcium carbide
Infant mortality rate 30.88 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) total: 98.41 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 96.14 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 100.79 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 11% (2000 est.) 7% (2005 est.)
International organization participation BCIE, CACM, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, LAES, LAIA (observer), MINURSO, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO AsDB, BIMSTEC, CP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OPCW, SAARC, SACEP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO (observer)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 8 (2000) -
Irrigated land 740 sq km (1993 est.) 400 sq km (2003)
Judicial branch Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (judges are elected for four-year terms by the National Congress) Supreme Court of Appeal (the monarch); High Court (judges appointed by the monarch)
Labor force 2.3 million (1997 est.) NA


note: major shortage of skilled labor
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 29%, industry 21%, services 50% (1998 est.) agriculture: 93%


industry: 2%


services: 5%
Land boundaries total:
1,520 km

border countries:
Guatemala 256 km, El Salvador 342 km, Nicaragua 922 km
total: 1,075 km


border countries: China 470 km, India 605 km
Land use arable land:
15%

permanent crops:
3%

permanent pastures:
14%

forests and woodland:
54%

other:
14% (1993 est.)
arable land: 2.3%


permanent crops: 0.43%


other: 97.27% (2005)
Languages Spanish, Amerindian dialects Dzongkha (official), Bhotes speak various Tibetan dialects, Nepalese speak various Nepalese dialects
Legal system rooted in Roman and Spanish civil law with increasing influence of English common law; recent judicial reforms include abandoning Napoleonic legal codes in favor of the oral adversarial system; accepts ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations based on Indian law and English common law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch unicameral National Congress or Congreso Nacional (128 seats; members are elected proportionally to the number of votes their party's presidential candidate receives to serve four-year terms)

elections:
last held on 30 November 1997 (next to be held 25 November 2001)

election results:
percent of vote by party - PL 46%, PN 38%, PINU-SD 4%, PDC 2%, PUD 2%; seats by party - PL 67, PN 55, PINU-SD 3, PDC 2, PUD 1
unicameral National Assembly or Tshogdu (150 seats; 105 elected from village constituencies, 10 represent religious bodies, and 35 are designated by the monarch to represent government and other secular interests; members serve three-year terms)


elections: local elections last held August 2005 (next to be held in 2008)


election results: NA
Life expectancy at birth total population:
69.35 years

male:
67.51 years

female:
71.28 years (2001 est.)
total population: 54.78 years


male: 55.02 years


female: 54.53 years (2006 est.)
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
72.7%

male:
72.6%

female:
72.7% (1995 est.)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 47%


male: 60%


female: 34% (2003 est.)
Location Middle America, bordering the Caribbean Sea, between Guatemala and Nicaragua and bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between El Salvador and Nicaragua Southern Asia, between China and India
Map references Central America and the Caribbean Asia
Maritime claims contiguous zone:
24 NM

continental shelf:
natural extension of territory or to 200 NM

exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
none (landlocked)
Merchant marine total:
313 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 760,819 GRT/820,582 DWT

ships by type:
bulk 21, cargo 187, chemical tanker 7, container 4, livestock carrier 2, passenger 2, passenger/cargo 4, petroleum tanker 52, refrigerated cargo 17, roll on/roll off 8, short-sea passenger 5, specialized tanker 2, vehicle carrier 2

note:
includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Russia 4, Singapore 2, Vietnam 1 (2000 est.)
-
Military branches Army, Navy (includes Marines), Air Force Royal Bhutan Army: Royal Bodyguard, Royal Bhutan Police (2005)
Military expenditures - dollar figure $35 million (FY99) $8.29 million (2005 est.)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 0.6% (FY99) 1% (2005 est.)
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49:
1,515,101 (2001 est.)
-
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49:
902,220 (2001 est.)
-
Military manpower - military age 18 years of age -
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males:
72,335 (2001 est.)
-
National holiday Independence Day, 15 September (1821) National Day (Ugyen WANGCHUCK became first hereditary king), 17 December (1907)
Nationality noun:
Honduran(s)

adjective:
Honduran
noun: Bhutanese (singular and plural)


adjective: Bhutanese
Natural hazards frequent, but generally mild, earthquakes; damaging hurricanes and floods along Caribbean coast violent storms from the Himalayas are the source of the country's name, which translates as Land of the Thunder Dragon; frequent landslides during the rainy season
Natural resources timber, gold, silver, copper, lead, zinc, iron ore, antimony, coal, fish, hydropower timber, hydropower, gypsum, calcium carbonate
Net migration rate -2.12 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Political parties and leaders Christian Democratic Party or PDC [Efrain DIAZ Arrivillaga, president]; Democratic Unification Party or PUD [Marias FUNES Valladares, president]; Liberal Party or PL [Carlos Roberto FLORES Facusse, president]; National Innovation and Unity Party-Social Democratic Party or PINU-SD [Olban VALLADARES, president]; National Party of Honduras or PN [Carlos URBIZO, president] no legal parties
Political pressure groups and leaders Committee for the Defense of Human Rights in Honduras or CODEH; Confederation of Honduran Workers or CTH; Coordinating Committee of Popular Organizations or CCOP; General Workers Confederation or CGT; Honduran Council of Private Enterprise or COHEP; National Association of Honduran Campesinos or ANACH; National Union of Campesinos or UNC; Popular Bloc or BP; United Federation of Honduran Workers or FUTH Buddhist clergy; ethnic Nepalese organizations leading militant antigovernment campaign; Indian merchant community; United Front for Democracy (exiled)
Population 6,406,052

note:
estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2001 est.)
2,279,723


note: other estimates range as low as 810,000 (July 2006 est.)
Population below poverty line 53% (1993 est.) NA%
Population growth rate 2.43% (2001 est.) 2.1% (2006 est.)
Ports and harbors La Ceiba, Puerto Castilla, Puerto Cortes, San Lorenzo, Tela, Puerto Lempira -
Radio broadcast stations AM 241, FM 53, shortwave 12 (1998) AM 0, FM 9, shortwave 1 (2006)
Radios 2.45 million (1997) -
Railways total:
595 km

narrow gauge:
349 km 1.067-m gauge; 246 km 0.914-m gauge (1999)
-
Religions Roman Catholic 97%, Protestant minority Lamaistic Buddhist 75%, Indian- and Nepalese-influenced Hinduism 25%
Sex ratio at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.04 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.98 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.9 male(s)/female

total population:
1 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.06 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 1.01 male(s)/female


total population: 1.07 male(s)/female (2006 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal and compulsory each family has one vote in village-level elections; note - in late 2003 Bhutan's legislature passed a new election law
Telephone system general assessment:
inadequate system

domestic:
NA

international:
satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); connected to Central American Microwave System
general assessment: telecommunications facilities are poor


domestic: very low teledensity; domestic service is very poor especially in rural areas; wireless service available since 2003


international: country code - 975; international telephone and telegraph service via landline and microwave relay through India; satellite earth station - 1 (2005)
Telephones - main lines in use 234,000 (1997) 32,700 (2005)
Telephones - mobile cellular 14,427 (1997) 37,800 (2005)
Television broadcast stations 11 (plus 17 repeaters) (1997) 1 (2006)
Terrain mostly mountains in interior, narrow coastal plains mostly mountainous with some fertile valleys and savanna
Total fertility rate 4.15 children born/woman (2001 est.) 4.74 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Unemployment rate 28% (2000 est.) NA%
Waterways 465 km (navigable by small craft) -
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