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Compare Djibouti (2001) - Burma (2004)

Compare Djibouti (2001) z Burma (2004)

 Djibouti (2001)Burma (2004)
 DjiboutiBurma
Administrative divisions 5 districts (cercles, singular - cercle); 'Ali Sabih, Dikhil, Djibouti, Obock, Tadjoura 7 divisions (taing-myar, singular - taing) and 7 states (pyi ne-myar, singular - pyi ne)

divisions: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing, Tanintharyi, Yangon (Rangoon)

states: Chin State, Kachin State, Kayin State, Kayah State, Mon State, Rakhine State, Shan State
Age structure 0-14 years:
42.58% (male 98,314; female 97,859)

15-64 years:
54.58% (male 132,619; female 118,841)

65 years and over:
2.84% (male 6,787; female 6,280) (2001 est.)
0-14 years: 27.6% (male 6,023,874; female 5,774,055)


15-64 years: 67.5% (male 14,317,308; female 14,504,500)


65 years and over: 4.9% (male 927,570; female 1,172,889) (2004 est.)
Agriculture - products fruits, vegetables; goats, sheep, camels rice, pulses, beans, sesame, groundnuts, sugarcane; hardwood; fish and fish products
Airports 12 (2000 est.) 79 (2003 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total:
2

over 3,047 m:
1

2,438 to 3,047 m:
1 (2000 est.)
total: 9


over 3,047 m: 2


2,438 to 3,047 m: 5


1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
10

1,524 to 2,437 m:
2

914 to 1,523 m:
5

under 914 m:
3 (2000 est.)
total: 69


over 3,047 m: 2


1,524 to 2,437 m: 16


914 to 1,523 m: 20


under 914 m: 31 (2004 est.)
Area total:
22,000 sq km

land:
21,980 sq km

water:
20 sq km
total: 678,500 sq km


land: 657,740 sq km


water: 20,760 sq km
Area - comparative slightly smaller than Massachusetts slightly smaller than Texas
Background The French Territory of the Afars and the Issas became Djibouti in 1977. A peace accord in 1994 ended a three-year uprising by Afars rebels. Britain conquered Burma over a period of 62 years (1824-1886) and incorporated it into its Indian Empire. Burma was administered as a province of India until 1937 when it became a separate, self-governing colony; independence from the Commonwealth was attained in 1948. Gen. NE WIN dominated the government from 1962 to 1988, first as military ruler, then as self-appointed president, and later as political kingpin. Despite multiparty legislative elections in 1990 that resulted in the main opposition party - the National League for Democracy (NLD) - winning a landslide victory, the ruling junta refused to hand over power. NLD leader and Nobel Peace Prize recipient AUNG SAN SUU KYI, who was under house arrest from 1989 to 1995 and 2000 to 2002, was imprisoned in May 2003 and is currently under house arrest. In December 2004, the junta announced it was extending her detention for at least an additional year. Her supporters, as well as all those who promote democracy and improved human rights, are routinely harassed or jailed.
Birth rate 40.66 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) 18.64 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Budget revenues:
$133 million

expenditures:
$187 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1999 est.)
revenues: $7.9 billion


expenditures: $12.2 billion, including capital expenditures of $5.7 billion (FY96/97)
Capital Djibouti Rangoon (government refers to the capital as Yangon)
Climate desert; torrid, dry tropical monsoon; cloudy, rainy, hot, humid summers (southwest monsoon, June to September); less cloudy, scant rainfall, mild temperatures, lower humidity during winter (northeast monsoon, December to April)
Coastline 314 km 1,930 km
Constitution multiparty constitution approved by referendum 4 September 1992 3 January 1974 (suspended since 18 September 1988); national convention convened in 1993 to draft a new constitution but collapsed in 1996; reconvened in 2004 but does not include participation of democratic opposition
Country name conventional long form:
Republic of Djibouti

conventional short form:
Djibouti

former:
French Territory of the Afars and Issas, French Somaliland
conventional long form: Union of Burma


conventional short form: Burma


local long form: Pyidaungzu Myanma Naingngandaw (translated by the US Government as Union of Myanma and by the Burmese as Union of Myanmar)


local short form: Myanma Naingngandaw


former: Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma


note: since 1989 the military authorities in Burma have promoted the name Myanmar as a conventional name for their state; this decision was not approved by any sitting legislature in Burma, and the US Government did not adopt the name, which is a derivative of the Burmese short-form name Myanma Naingngandaw
Currency Djiboutian franc (DJF) kyat (MMK)
Death rate 14.66 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) 12.16 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Debt - external $356 million (1999 est.) $6.011 billion (2003 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Donald YAMAMOTO

embassy:
Plateau du Serpent, Boulevard Marechal Joffre, Djibouti

mailing address:
B. P. 185, Djibouti

telephone:
[253] 35 39 95

FAX:
[253] 35 39 40
chief of mission: Charge d'Affaires Carmen M. MARTINEZ


embassy: 581 Merchant Street, Rangoon (GPO 521)


mailing address: Box B, APO AP 96546


telephone: [95] (1) 379 880, 379 881


FAX: [95] (1) 256 018
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission:
Ambassador ROBLE Olhaye Oudine

chancery:
Suite 515, 1156 15th Street NW, Washington, DC 20005

telephone:
[1] (202) 331-0270

FAX:
[1] (202) 331-0302
chief of mission: vacant


chancery: 2300 S Street NW, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 332-9044


FAX: [1] (202) 332-9046


consulate(s) general: New York (UN)
Disputes - international none despite continuing border committee talks, significant differences remain with Thailand over boundary alignment and the handling of ethnic rebels, refugees, and illegal cross-border activities; groups in Burma and Thailand express concern over China's construction of 13 hydroelectric dams on the Salween River in Yunnan Province; India seeks cooperation from Burma to keep out Indian Nagaland insurgents
Economic aid - recipient $106.3 million (1995) $127 million (2001 est.)
Economy - overview The economy is based on service activities connected with the country's strategic location and status as a free trade zone in northeast Africa. Two-thirds of the inhabitants live in the capital city, the remainder being mostly nomadic herders. Scanty rainfall limits crop production to fruits and vegetables, and most food must be imported. Djibouti provides services as both a transit port for the region and an international transshipment and refueling center. It has few natural resources and little industry. The nation is, therefore, heavily dependent on foreign assistance to help support its balance of payments and to finance development projects. An unemployment rate of 40% to 50% continues to be a major problem. Inflation is not a concern, however, because of the fixed tie of the franc to the US dollar. Per capita consumption dropped an estimated 35% over the last seven years because of recession, civil war, and a high population growth rate (including immigrants and refugees). Faced with a multitude of economic difficulties, the government has fallen in arrears on long-term external debt and has been struggling to meet the stipulations of foreign aid donors. The year 2001 will see only small growth as port activity should decrease now that Ethiopia has more trade route options. Burma is a resource-rich country that suffers from government controls and abject rural poverty. The military regime took steps in the early 1990s to liberalize the economy after decades of failure under the "Burmese Way to Socialism", but those efforts have since stalled. Burma has been unable to achieve monetary or fiscal stability, resulting in an economy that suffers from serious macroeconomic imbalances - including a steep inflation rate and an official exchange rate that overvalues the Burmese kyat by more than 100 times the market rate. In addition, most overseas development assistance ceased after the junta suppressed the democracy movement in 1988 and subsequently ignored the results of the 1990 election. A crisis in the private banking sector in early 2003 followed by economic moves against Burma by the United States, the European Union, and Japan - including a US ban on imports from Burma and a Japanese freeze on new bilateral economic aid - further weakened the Burmese economy. Burma is data poor, and official statistics are often dated and inaccurate. Published estimates of Burma's foreign trade are greatly understated because of the size of the black market and border trade - often estimated to be one to two times the official economy. Better relations with foreign countries and relaxed controls at home are needed to promote foreign investment, exports, and tourism. In February 2003, a major banking crisis hit the country's 20 private banks, shutting them down and disrupting the economy. In July and August 2003, the United States imposed a ban on all Burmese imports and a ban on provision of financial services, hampering Burma's ability to obtain foreign exchange. As of January 2004, the largest private banks remained moribund, leaving the private sector with little formal access to credit outside of government contracts.
Electricity - consumption 167.4 million kWh (1999) 5.709 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (1999) 0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (1999) 0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - production 180 million kWh (1999) 6.139 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
100%

hydro:
0%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
-
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Lac Assal -155 m

highest point:
Moussa Ali 2,028 m
lowest point: Andaman Sea 0 m


highest point: Hkakabo Razi 5,881 m
Environment - current issues inadequate supplies of potable water; desertification deforestation; industrial pollution of air, soil, and water; inadequate sanitation and water treatment contribute to disease
Environment - international agreements party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution

signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups Somali 60%, Afar 35%, French, Arab, Ethiopian, and Italian 5% Burman 68%, Shan 9%, Karen 7%, Rakhine 4%, Chinese 3%, Indian 2%, Mon 2%, other 5%
Exchange rates Djiboutian francs per US dollar - 177.721 (fixed rate since 1973) kyats per US dollar - 6.0764 (2003), 6.5734 (2002), 6.6841 (2001), 6.5167 (2000), 6.2858 (1999)


note: these are official exchange rates; unofficial exchange rates ranged in 2003 from 100 kyat/US dollar to nearly 1000 kyat/US dollar
Executive branch chief of state:
President GUELLEH Ismail Omar (since 8 May 1999);

head of government:
Prime Minister DILLEITA Mohamed Dilleita (since 4 March 2001)

cabinet:
Council of Ministers responsible to the president

elections:
president elected by popular vote for a six-year term; election last held 9 April 1999 (next to be held NA 2005); prime minister appointed by the president

election results:
GUELLEH Ismail Omar elected president; percent of vote - GUELLEH Ismail Omar 74.4%, IDRIS Moussa Ahmed 25.6%
chief of state: Chairman of the State Peace and Development Council Sr. Gen. THAN SHWE (since 23 April 1992)


head of government: Prime Minister, Gen SOE WIN (since 19 October 2004)


cabinet: State Peace and Development Council (SPDC); military junta, so named 15 November 1997, which initially assumed power 18 September 1988 under the name State Law and Order Restoration Council (SLORC); the SPDC oversees the cabinet


elections: none
Exports $260 million (f.o.b., 1999 est.) NA (2001)
Exports - commodities reexports, hides and skins, coffee (in transit) Clothing, gas, wood products, pulses, beans, fish, rice
Exports - partners Somalia 53%, Yemen 23%, Ethiopia 5%, (1998) Thailand 31.5%, US 10.2%, India 9.3%, China 5.8%, Japan 4.8% (2003)
Fiscal year calendar year 1 April - 31 March
Flag description two equal horizontal bands of light blue (top) and light green with a white isosceles triangle based on the hoist side bearing a red five-pointed star in the center red with a blue rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner bearing, 14 white five-pointed stars encircling a cogwheel containing a stalk of rice; the 14 stars represent the 7 administrative divisions and 7 states
GDP purchasing power parity - $574 million (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $74.53 billion (2003 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
3%

industry:
22%

services:
75% (1998 est.)
agriculture: 57.2%


industry: 9.6%


services: 33.1% (2003 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $1,300 (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $1,800 (2003 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 2% (2000 est.) -0.5% (2003 est.)
Geographic coordinates 11 30 N, 43 00 E 22 00 N, 98 00 E
Geography - note strategic location near world's busiest shipping lanes and close to Arabian oilfields; terminus of rail traffic into Ethiopia; mostly wasteland strategic location near major Indian Ocean shipping lanes
Heliports - 1 (2003 est.)
Highways total:
2,890 km

paved:
364 km

unpaved:
2,526 km (1996)
total: 28,200 km


paved: 3,440 km


unpaved: 24,760 km (1996 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
lowest 10%: 2.8%


highest 10%: 32.4% (1998)
Illicit drugs - world's second largest producer of illicit opium (potential production in 2003 - 484 metric tons, down 23% due to eradication efforts and alternate development; cultivation in 2003 - 47,130 hectares, a 39% decline from 2002); surrender of drug warlord KHUN SA's Mong Tai Army in January 1996 was hailed by Rangoon as a major counternarcotics success, but lack of government will and ability to take on major narcotrafficking groups and lack of serious commitment against money laundering continues to hinder the overall antidrug effort; major source of methamphetamine and heroin for regional consumption; currently under Financial Action Task Force countermeasures due to continued failure to address its inadequate money-laundering controls
Imports $440 million (f.o.b., 1999 est.) NA (2001)
Imports - commodities foods, beverages, transport equipment, chemicals, petroleum products Fabric, petroleum products, plastics, machinery, transport equipment, construction materials, crude oil; food products
Imports - partners France 13%, Ethiopia 12%, Italy 9%, Saudi Arabia 6%, UK 6% (1998) China 31.1%, Singapore 22.3%, Thailand 15.1%, South Korea 6.3%, Malaysia 4.8%, Japan 4.3% (2003)
Independence 27 June 1977 (from France) 4 January 1948 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate 3% (1996 est.) NA
Industries limited to a few small-scale enterprises, such as dairy products and mineral-water bottling agricultural processing; knit and woven apparel; wood and wood products; copper, tin, tungsten, iron; construction materials; pharmaceuticals; fertilizer; cement
Infant mortality rate 101.51 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) total: 68.78 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 74.78 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 62.42 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2% (2000 est.) 49.7% (2003 est.)
International organization participation ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AFESD, AL, AMF, ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), Interpol, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WToO, WTrO ARF, AsDB, ASEAN, CP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, NAM, OPCW (signatory), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 1 (2000) -
Irrigated land NA sq km 15,920 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court or Cour Supreme remnants of the British-era legal system are in place, but there is no guarantee of a fair public trial; the judiciary is not independent of the executive
Labor force 282,000 22.14 million (2003 est.)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 75%, industry 11%, services 14% (1991 est.) agriculture 70%, industry 7%, services 23% (2001 est.)
Land boundaries total:
508 km

border countries:
Eritrea 113 km, Ethiopia 337 km, Somalia 58 km
total: 5,876 km


border countries: Bangladesh 193 km, China 2,185 km, India 1,463 km, Laos 235 km, Thailand 1,800 km
Land use arable land:
0%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
9%

forests and woodland:
0%

other:
91% (1993 est.)
arable land: 15.19%


permanent crops: 0.97%


other: 83.84% (2001)
Languages French (official), Arabic (official), Somali, Afar Burmese, minority ethnic groups have their own languages
Legal system based on French civil law system, traditional practices, and Islamic law has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch unicameral Chamber of Deputies or Chambre des Deputes (65 seats; members elected by popular vote for five-year terms)

elections:
last held 19 December 1997 (next to be held NA 2002)

election results:
percent of vote - NA%; seats - RPP 65; note - RPP (the ruling party) dominated the election
unicameral People's Assembly or Pyithu Hluttaw (485 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)


elections: last held 27 May 1990, but Assembly never allowed by junta to convene


election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NLD 392 (opposition), SNLD 23 (opposition), NUP 10 (pro-government), other 60
Life expectancy at birth total population:
51.21 years

male:
49.37 years

female:
53.1 years (2001 est.)
total population: 56.01 years


male: 54.22 years


female: 57.9 years (2004 est.)
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
46.2%

male:
60.3%

female:
32.7% (1995 est.)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 85.3%


male: 89.2%


female: 81.4% (2002)
Location Eastern Africa, bordering the Gulf of Aden and the Red Sea, between Eritrea and Somalia Southeastern Asia, bordering the Andaman Sea and the Bay of Bengal, between Bangladesh and Thailand
Map references Africa Southeast Asia
Maritime claims contiguous zone:
24 NM

exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
territorial sea: 12 nm


contiguous zone: 24 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm


continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin
Merchant marine total:
1 ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,369 GRT/3,030 DWT

ships by type:
cargo 1 (2000 est.)
total: 31 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 384,529 GRT/608,609 DWT


by type: bulk 8, cargo 18, container 1, passenger/cargo 3, petroleum tanker 1


foreign-owned: Germany 6, Japan 4 (2004 est.)
Military branches Djibouti National Army (includes Navy and Air Force) Army, Navy, Air Force
Military expenditures - dollar figure $23 million (FY97) $39 million (FY97)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 4.5% (FY97) 2.1% (FY97)
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49:
108,038 (2001 est.)
males age 15-49: 12,450,884


females age 15-49: 12,457,077 (2004 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49:
63,589 (2001 est.)
males age 15-49: 6,609,995


females age 15-49: 6,595,611 (2004 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually - males: 441,333


females: 440,914 (2004 est.)
National holiday Independence Day, 27 June (1977) Independence Day, 4 January (1948); Union Day, 12 February (1947)
Nationality noun:
Djiboutian(s)

adjective:
Djiboutian
noun: Burmese (singular and plural)


adjective: Burmese
Natural hazards earthquakes; droughts; occasional cyclonic disturbances from the Indian Ocean bring heavy rains and flash floods destructive earthquakes and cyclones; flooding and landslides common during rainy season (June to September); periodic droughts
Natural resources geothermal areas petroleum, timber, tin, antimony, zinc, copper, tungsten, lead, coal, some marble, limestone, precious stones, natural gas, hydropower
Net migration rate 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) -1.8 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Pipelines - gas 2,056 km; oil 558 km (2004)
Political parties and leaders Democratic National Party or PND [ADEN Robleh Awaleh]; Democratic Renewal Party or PRD [Abdillahi HAMARITEH]; People's Progress Assembly or RPP (governing party) [Ismail Omar GELLEH] National League for Democracy or NLD [AUNG SHWE, chairman, AUNG SAN SUU KYI, general secretary]; National Unity Party or NUP (progovernment) [THA KYAW]; Shan Nationalities League for Democracy or SNLD [KHUN HTUN OO]; and other smaller parties
Political pressure groups and leaders Front for the Restoration of Unity and Democracy or FRUD and affiliates; Movement for Unity and Democracy or MUD National Coalition Government of the Union of Burma or NCGUB (self-proclaimed government in exile) ["Prime Minister" Dr. SEIN WIN] consists of individuals, some legitimately elected to the People's Assembly in 1990 (the group fled to a border area and joined insurgents in December 1990 to form parallel government in exile); Kachin Independence Army or KIA; Karen National Union or KNU; several Shan factions; United Wa State Army or UWSA; Union Solidarity and Development Association or USDA (progovernment, a social and political organization) [THAN AUNG, general secretary]
Population 460,700 (July 2001 est.) 42,720,196


note: estimates for this country take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2004 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% 25% (2000 est.)
Population growth rate 2.6% (2001 est.) 0.47% (2004 est.)
Ports and harbors Djibouti Bhamo, Chauk, Mandalay, Moulmein, Myitkyina, Pathein, Rangoon, Sittwe, Tavoy
Radio broadcast stations AM 2, FM 2, shortwave 0 (1998) AM 1, FM 1 (2004)
Radios 52,000 (1997) -
Railways total:
100 km (Djibouti segment of the Addis Ababa-Djibouti railroad)

narrow gauge:
100 km 1.000-m gauge

note:
Djibouti and Ethiopia plan to revitalize the century-old railroad that links their capitals by 2003
total: 3,955 km


narrow gauge: 3,955 km 1.000-m gauge (2003)
Religions Muslim 94%, Christian 6% Buddhist 89%, Christian 4% (Baptist 3%, Roman Catholic 1%), Muslim 4%, animist 1%, other 2%
Sex ratio at birth:
1.03 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1.12 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
1.08 male(s)/female

total population:
1.07 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.79 male(s)/female


total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2004 est.)
Suffrage NA years of age; universal adult 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment:
telephone facilities in the city of Djibouti are adequate as are the microwave radio relay connections to outlying areas of the country

domestic:
microwave radio relay network

international:
submarine cable to Jiddah, Suez, Sicily, Marseilles, Colombo, and Singapore; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) and 1 Arabsat; Medarabtel regional microwave radio relay telephone network
general assessment: barely meets minimum requirements for local and intercity service for business and government; international service is fair


domestic: NA


international: country code - 95; satellite earth station - 2, Intelsat (Indian Ocean), and ShinSat
Telephones - main lines in use 8,000 (1997) 357,300 (2003)
Telephones - mobile cellular 203 (1997) 66,500 (2003)
Television broadcast stations 1 (plus 5 low-power repeaters) (1998) 2 (2004)
Terrain coastal plain and plateau separated by central mountains central lowlands ringed by steep, rugged highlands
Total fertility rate 5.72 children born/woman (2001 est.) 2.08 children born/woman (2004 est.)
Unemployment rate 50% (2000 est.) 4.2% (2003)
Waterways none 12,800 km (2004)
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