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Compare Botswana (2001) - Finland (2004)

Compare Botswana (2001) z Finland (2004)

 Botswana (2001)Finland (2004)
 BotswanaFinland
Administrative divisions 10 districts and four town councils*; Central, Chobe, Francistown*, Gaborone*, Ghanzi, Kgalagadi, Kgatleng, Kweneng, Lobatse*, Ngamiland, North-East, Selebi-Pikwe*, South-East, Southern 6 provinces (laanit, singular - laani); Aland, Etela-Suomen Laani, Ita-Suomen Laani, Lansi-Suomen Laani, Lappi, Oulun Laani
Age structure 0-14 years:
40.3% (male 321,164; female 318,007)

15-64 years:
55.56% (male 423,954; female 457,227)

65 years and over:
4.14% (male 26,691; female 39,076) (2001 est.)
0-14 years: 17.5% (male 466,036; female 448,339)


15-64 years: 66.7% (male 1,760,472; female 1,719,917)


65 years and over: 15.7% (male 323,082; female 496,666) (2004 est.)
Agriculture - products sorghum, corn, millet, pulses, groundnuts (peanuts), beans, cowpeas, sunflower seed; livestock barley, wheat, sugar beets, potatoes; dairy cattle; fish
Airports 92 (2000 est.) 148 (2003 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total:
11

2,438 to 3,047 m:
2

1,524 to 2,437 m:
8

914 to 1,523 m:
1 (2000 est.)
total: 75


over 3,047 m: 2


2,438 to 3,047 m: 27


1,524 to 2,437 m: 10


914 to 1,523 m: 23


under 914 m: 13 (2004 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
81

1,524 to 2,437 m:
3

914 to 1,523 m:
56

under 914 m:
22 (2000 est.)
total: 73


914 to 1,523 m: 4


under 914 m: 69 (2004 est.)
Area total:
600,370 sq km

land:
585,370 sq km

water:
15,000 sq km
total: 338,145 sq km


land: 304,473 sq km


water: 33,672 sq km
Area - comparative slightly smaller than Texas slightly smaller than Montana
Background Formerly the British protectorate of Bechuanaland, Botswana adopted its new name upon independence in 1966. The economy, one of the most robust on the continent, is dominated by diamond mining. Finland was a province and then a grand duchy under Sweden from the 12th to the 19th centuries and an autonomous grand duchy of Russia after 1809. It won its complete independence in 1917. During World War II, it was able to successfully defend its freedom and resist invasions by the Soviet Union - albeit with some loss of territory. In the subsequent half century, the Finns made a remarkable transformation from a farm/forest economy to a diversified modern industrial economy; per capita income is now on par with Western Europe. As a member of the European Union, Finland was the only Nordic state to join the euro system at its initiation in January 1999.
Birth rate 28.85 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) 10.56 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Budget revenues:
$1.6 billion

expenditures:
$1.8 billion, including capital expenditures of $560 million (FY96)
revenues: $87.03 billion


expenditures: $81.62 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2003 est.)
Capital Gaborone Helsinki
Climate semiarid; warm winters and hot summers cold temperate; potentially subarctic but comparatively mild because of moderating influence of the North Atlantic Current, Baltic Sea, and more than 60,000 lakes
Coastline 0 km (landlocked) 1,250 km
Constitution March 1965, effective 30 September 1966 1 March 2000
Country name conventional long form:
Republic of Botswana

conventional short form:
Botswana

former:
Bechuanaland
conventional long form: Republic of Finland


conventional short form: Finland


local long form: Suomen Tasavalta


local short form: Suomi
Currency pula (BWP) euro (EUR)


note: on 1 January 1999, the European Monetary Union introduced the euro as a common currency to be used by financial institutions of member countries; on 1 January 2002, the euro became the sole currency for everyday transactions within the member countries
Death rate 24.18 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) 9.69 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Debt - external $455 million (2000) $30 billion (December 1993)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission:
Ambassador John E. LANGE

embassy:
address NA, Gaborone

mailing address:
P. O. Box 90, Gaborone

telephone:
[267] 353982

FAX:
[267] 356947
chief of mission: Ambassador Earle I. MACK


embassy: Itainen Puistotie 14B, FIN-00140, Helsinki


mailing address: APO AE 09723


telephone: [358] (9) 616250


FAX: [358] (9) 6162 5800
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Kgosi SEEPAPITSO IV

chancery:
1531-1533 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036

telephone:
[1] (202) 244-4990

FAX:
[1] (202) 244-4164
chief of mission: Ambassador Jukka Robert VALTASAARI


chancery: 3301 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 298-5800


FAX: [1] (202) 298-6030


consulate(s) general: Los Angeles and New York
Disputes - international none none
Economic aid - donor - ODA, $379 million (2001)
Economic aid - recipient $73 million (1995) -
Economy - overview Botswana has maintained one of the world's highest growth rates since independence in 1966. Through fiscal discipline and sound management, Botswana has transformed itself from one of the poorest countries in the world to a middle-income country with a per capita GDP of $6,600 in 2000. Diamond mining has fueled much of Botswana's economic expansion and currently accounts for more than one-third of GDP and for three-fourths of export earnings. Tourism, subsistence farming, and cattle raising are other key sectors. The government must deal with high rates of unemployment and poverty. Unemployment officially is 19%, but unofficial estimates place it closer to 40%. HIV/AIDS infection rates are the highest in the world and threaten Botswana's impressive economic gains. Finland has a highly industrialized, largely free-market economy, with per capita output roughly that of the UK, France, Germany, and Italy. Its key economic sector is manufacturing - principally the wood, metals, engineering, telecommunications, and electronics industries. Trade is important, with exports equaling one-third of GDP. Except for timber and several minerals, Finland depends on imports of raw materials, energy, and some components for manufactured goods. Because of the climate, agricultural development is limited to maintaining self-sufficiency in basic products. Forestry, an important export earner, provides a secondary occupation for the rural population. Rapidly increasing integration with Western Europe - Finland was one of the 12 countries joining the European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) - will dominate the economic picture over the next several years. Growth in 2003 was held back by the global slowdown but will pick up in 2004 provided the world economy suffers no further blows.
Electricity - consumption 1.517 billion kWh (1999) 76.18 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (1999) 1.81 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports 950 million kWh (1999) 11.77 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - production 610 million kWh (1999) 71.2 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
100%

hydro:
0%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
-
Elevation extremes lowest point:
junction of the Limpopo and Shashe Rivers 513 m

highest point:
Tsodilo Hills 1,489 m
lowest point: Baltic Sea 0 m


highest point: Halti 1,328 m
Environment - current issues overgrazing; desertification; limited fresh water resources air pollution from manufacturing and power plants contributing to acid rain; water pollution from industrial wastes, agricultural chemicals; habitat loss threatens wildlife populations
Environment - international agreements party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements
party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling


signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants
Ethnic groups Tswana (or Setswana) 79%, Kalanga 11%, Basarwa 3%, other, including Kgalagadi and white 7% Finn 93.4%, Swede 5.7%, Russian 0.4%, Estonian 0.2%, Roma 0.2%, Sami 0.1%
Exchange rates pulas per US dollar - 5.4585 (January 2001), 5.1018 (2000), 4.6244 (1999), 4.2259 (1998), 3.6508 (1997), 3.3242 (1996) euros per US dollar - 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999)
Executive branch chief of state:
President Festus MOGAE (since 1 April 1998) and Vice President Seretse Ian KHAMA (since 13 July 1998); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

head of government:
President Festus MOGAE (since 1 April 1998) and Vice President Seretse Ian KHAMA (since 13 July 1998); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the president

elections:
president elected by the National Assembly for a five-year term; election last held 16 October 1999 (next to be held NA October 2004); vice president appointed by the president

election results:
Festus MOGAE elected president; percent of National Assembly vote - 54.3%
chief of state: President Tarja HALONEN (since 1 March 2000)


head of government: Prime Minister Matti VANHANEN (since 24 June 2003) and Deputy Prime Minister Antti KALLIOMAKI (since 17 April 2003); note - former Prime Minister Anneli JAATTEENMAKI resigned


cabinet: Council of State or Valtioneuvosto appointed by the president, responsible to Parliament


elections: president elected by popular vote for a six-year term; election last held 16 January 2000 and 6 February 2000 (next to be held February 2006); the president appoints the prime minister and deputy prime minister from the majority party or the majority coalition after Parliamentary elections and the Parliament must approve the appointment


election results: Tarja HALONEN elected president; percent of vote - Tarja HALONEN (SDP) 51.6%, Esko AHO (Kesk) 48.4%


note: government coalition - KESK, SDP, and SFP
Exports $2.6 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.) 101,000 bbl/day (2001)
Exports - commodities diamonds 72%, vehicles, copper, nickel, meat (1998) machinery and equipment, chemicals, metals; timber, paper, pulp (1999)
Exports - partners EU 77%, Southern African Customs Union (SACU) 18%, Zimbabwe 3% (1998) Germany 11.8%, Sweden 9.9%, US 8.2%, UK 8%, Russia 7.5%, Netherlands 4.8% (2003)
Fiscal year 1 April - 31 March calendar year
Flag description light blue with a horizontal white-edged black stripe in the center white with a blue cross extending to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side in the style of the Dannebrog (Danish flag)
GDP purchasing power parity - $10.4 billion (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $142.2 billion (2003 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
4%

industry:
46% (including 36% mining)

services:
50% (1998 est.)
agriculture: 4.3%


industry: 32.7%


services: 62.9% (2003 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $6,600 (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $27,400 (2003 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 6% (2000 est.) 1.9% (2003 est.)
Geographic coordinates 22 00 S, 24 00 E 64 00 N, 26 00 E
Geography - note landlocked; population concentrated in eastern part of the country long boundary with Russia; Helsinki is northernmost national capital on European continent; population concentrated on small southwestern coastal plain
Highways total:
18,482 km

paved:
4,343 km

unpaved:
14,139 km (1996)
total: 78,137 km


paved: 50,398 km (including 750 km of expressways)


unpaved: 27,739 km (2003)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
lowest 10%: 4.2%


highest 10%: 21.6% (1991)
Imports $2.2 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.) 318,300 bbl/day (2001)
Imports - commodities foodstuffs, machinery and transport equipment, textiles, petroleum products foodstuffs, petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, transport equipment, iron and steel, machinery, textile yarn and fabrics, grains (1999)
Imports - partners Southern African Customs Union (SACU) 76%, Europe 10%, South Korea 5% (1998) Germany 16.2%, Sweden 14.1%, Russia 11.7%, Netherlands 6.3%, Denmark 5.7%, UK 5.3%, France 4.3% (2003)
Independence 30 September 1966 (from UK) 6 December 1917 (from Russia)
Industrial production growth rate 6.2% (2000 est.) 0.8% (2003 est.)
Industries diamonds, copper, nickel, coal, salt, soda ash, potash; livestock processing metal products, electronics, shipbuilding, pulp and paper, copper refining, foodstuffs, chemicals, textiles, clothing
Infant mortality rate 63.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) total: 3.59 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 3.91 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 3.26 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 8.6% (2000 est.) 0.9% (2003 est.)
International organization participation ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, NAM, OAU, OPCW, SACU, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO AfDB, AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, G- 9, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MIGA, NAM (guest), NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMEE, UNMIK, UNMIL, UNMOGIP, UNTSO, UPU, WCO, WEU (observer), WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 3 (2000) -
Irrigated land 20 sq km (1993 est.) 640 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch High Court; Court of Appeal; Magistrates' Courts (one in each district) Supreme Court or Korkein Oikeus (judges appointed by the president)
Labor force 235,000 formal sector employees (1995) 2.599 million (2003 est.)
Labor force - by occupation 100,000 public sector; 135,000 private sector, including 14,300 who are employed in various mines in South Africa; most others engaged in cattle raising and subsistence agriculture (1995 est.) agriculture and forestry 8%, industry 22%, construction 6%, commerce 14%, finance, insurance, and business services 10%, transport and communications 8%, public services 32%
Land boundaries total:
4,013 km

border countries:
Namibia 1,360 km, South Africa 1,840 km, Zimbabwe 813 km
total: 2,690 km


border countries: Norway 736 km, Sweden 614 km, Russia 1,340 km
Land use arable land:
1%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
46%

forests and woodland:
47%

other:
6% (1993 est.)
arable land: 7.19%


permanent crops: 0.03%


other: 92.78% (2001)
Languages English (official), Setswana Finnish 93.4% (official), Swedish 5.9% (official), small Sami- and Russian-speaking minorities
Legal system based on Roman-Dutch law and local customary law; judicial review limited to matters of interpretation; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction civil law system based on Swedish law; the president may request the Supreme Court to review laws; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Legislative branch bicameral Parliament consists of the House of Chiefs (a largely advisory 15-member body consisting of the chiefs of the eight principal tribes, four elected subchiefs, and three members selected by the other 12) and the National Assembly (44 seats, 40 members are directly elected by popular vote and 4 appointed by the majority party; members serve five-year terms)

elections:
National Assembly elections last held 16 October 1999 (next to be held NA October 2004)

election results:
percent of vote by party - BDP 57.2%, BNF 26%, other 16.8%; seats by party - BDP 33, BNF 6, other 1
unicameral Parliament or Eduskunta (200 seats; members are elected by popular vote on a proportional basis to serve four-year terms)


elections: last held 16 March 2003 (next to be held NA March 2007)


election results: percent of vote by party - Kesk 24.7%, SDP 24.5%, Kok 18.5%, VAS 9.9%, VIHR 8%, KD 5.3%, SFP 4.6%; seats by party - Kesk 55, SDP 53, Kok 40, VAS 19, VIHR 14, KD 7, SFP 8, others 4
Life expectancy at birth total population:
37.13 years

male:
36.77 years

female:
37.51 years (2001 est.)
total population: 78.24 years


male: 74.73 years


female: 81.89 years (2004 est.)
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
69.8%

male:
80.5%

female:
59.9% (1995 est.)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 100% (2000 est.)


male: NA


female: NA
Location Southern Africa, north of South Africa Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia, and Gulf of Finland, between Sweden and Russia
Map references Africa Europe
Maritime claims none (landlocked) territorial sea: 12 nm (in the Gulf of Finland - 3 nm)


continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation


exclusive fishing zone: 12 nm; extends to continental shelf boundary with Sweden
Merchant marine - total: 90 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 1,152,175 GRT/1,053,906 DWT


by type: bulk 9, cargo 26, chemical tanker 5, container 1, passenger 2, petroleum tanker 9, roll on/roll off 28, short-sea/passenger 10


foreign-owned: Estonia 1


registered in other countries: 39 (2004 est.)
Military branches Botswana Defense Force (includes Army and Air Wing), Botswana National Police Army, Navy, Air Force
Military expenditures - dollar figure $61 million (FY99) $1.8 billion (FY98/99)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 1.2% (FY99) 2% (FY98/99)
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49:
380,152 (2001 est.)
males age 15-49: 1,226,890 (2004 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49:
199,995 (2001 est.)
males age 15-49: 1,013,961 (2004 est.)
Military manpower - military age 18 years of age -
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males:
19,479 (2001 est.)
males: 32,058 (2004 est.)
National holiday Independence Day, 30 September (1966) Independence Day, 6 December (1917)
Nationality noun:
Motswana (singular), Batswana (plural)

adjective:
Motswana (singular), Batswana (plural)
noun: Finn(s)


adjective: Finnish
Natural hazards periodic droughts; seasonal August winds blow from the west, carrying sand and dust across the country, which can obscure visibility NA
Natural resources diamonds, copper, nickel, salt, soda ash, potash, coal, iron ore, silver timber, iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, chromite, nickel, gold, silver, limestone
Net migration rate 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) 0.95 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Pipelines - gas 694 km (2004)
Political parties and leaders Botswana Democratic Party or BDP [Festus MOGAE]; Botswana National Front or BNF [Kenneth KOMA]; Botswana Congress Party or BCP [Michael DINGAKE]; Botswana Alliance Movement or BAM [Ephraim Lepetu SETSHWAELO]

note:
main parties are: BDP, BNF, BCP; other minor parties joined forces in 1999 to form the Botswana Alliance Movement or BAM [Ephraim SETSHWAELO, chairman] but did not capture any parliamentary seats; the BAM parties are: the United Action Party [Ephraim Lepetu SETSHWAELO], the Botswana Peoples Party, the Independence Freedom Party [Motsamai MPHO], and the Botswana Progressive Union [D. K. KWELE]
Center Party or Kesk [Matti VANHANEN]; Christian Democrats or KD [Paivi RASANEN]; Green League or VIHR [Osmo SOININVAARA]; Left Alliance or VAS composed of People's Democratic League and Democratic Alternative [Suvi-Anne SIIMES]; National Coalition (conservative) Party or Kok [Jyrki KATAINEN]; Social Democratic Party or SDP [Paavo LIPPONEN]; Swedish People's Party or SFP [Jan-Erik ENESTAM]
Political pressure groups and leaders NA -
Population 1,586,119

note:
estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2001 est.)
5,214,512 (July 2004 est.)
Population below poverty line 47% (2000 est.) NA
Population growth rate 0.47% (2001 est.) 0.18% (2004 est.)
Ports and harbors none Hamina, Helsinki, Kokkola, Kotka, Loviisa, Oulu, Pori, Rauma, Turku, Uusikaupunki, Varkaus
Radio broadcast stations AM 7, FM 15, shortwave 5 (1998) AM 2, FM 186, shortwave 1 (1998)
Radios 237,000 (1997) -
Railways total:
888 km

narrow gauge:
888 km 1.067-m gauge (2000)
total: 5,851 km


broad gauge: 5,851 km 1.524-m gauge (2,400 km electrified) (2003)
Religions indigenous beliefs 50%, Christian 50% Evangelical Lutheran 89%, Russian Orthodox 1%, none 9%, other 1%
Sex ratio at birth:
1.03 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.01 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.93 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.68 male(s)/female

total population:
0.95 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.65 male(s)/female


total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2004 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment:
sparse system

domestic:
small system of open-wire lines, microwave radio relay links, and a few radiotelephone communication stations

international:
two international exchanges; digital microwave radio relay links to Zambia, Zimbabwe, and South Africa; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean)
general assessment: modern system with excellent service


domestic: digital fiber-optic fixed-line network and an extensive cellular network provide domestic needs


international: country code - 358; 1 submarine cable (Finland Estonia Connection); satellite earth stations - access to Intelsat transmission service via a Swedish satellite earth station, 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions); note - Finland shares the Inmarsat earth station with the other Nordic countries (Denmark, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden)
Telephones - main lines in use 86,000 (1997) 2.548 million (2003)
Telephones - mobile cellular NA 4.7 million (2003)
Television broadcast stations 0 (1997) 120 (plus 431 repeaters) (1999)
Terrain predominantly flat to gently rolling tableland; Kalahari Desert in southwest mostly low, flat to rolling plains interspersed with lakes and low hills
Total fertility rate 3.7 children born/woman (2001 est.) 1.73 children born/woman (2004 est.)
Unemployment rate 40% (2000 est.) 9% (2003 est.)
Waterways none 7,842 km


note: includes Saimaa Canal system of 3,577 km; southern part leased from Russia (2004)
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