Singapore (2002)

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Singapore 2002 year


Administrative divisions	none
Age structure	0-14 years: 17.6% (male 404,212; female 378,660) 15-64 years: 75.3% (male 1,630,696; female 1,724,532) 65 years and over: 7.1% (male 137,512; female 177,120) (2002 est.)
Agriculture - products	rubber, copra, fruit, orchids, vegetables; poultry, eggs, fish, ornamental fish
Airports	9 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 9 over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2002)
Area	total: 692.7 sq km land: 682.7 sq km water: 10 sq km
Area - comparative	slightly more than 3.5 times the size of Washington, DC
Background	Founded as a British trading colony in 1819, Singapore joined Malaysia in 1963, but withdrew two years later and became independent. It subsequently became one of the world's most prosperous countries, with strong international trading links (its port is one of the world's busiest) and with per capita GDP equal to that of the leading nations of Western Europe.
Birth rate	12.78 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Budget	revenues: $27.9 billion expenditures: $19.5 billion, including capital expenditures of $5.4 billion
Capital	Singapore
Climate	tropical; hot, humid, rainy; two distinct monsoon seasons - Northeastern monsoon from December to March and Southwestern monsoon from June to September; inter-monsoon - frequent afternoon and early evening thunderstorms
Coastline	193 km
Constitution	3 June 1959, amended 1965 (based on preindependence State of Singapore Constitution)
Country name	conventional long form: Republic of Singapore conventional short form: Singapore
Currency	Singapore dollar (SGD)
Death rate	4.28 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Debt - external	$8.3 billion (2001 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Franklin L. LAVIN embassy: 27 Napier Road, Singapore 258508 mailing address: PSC Box 470, FPO AP 96534-0001 telephone: [65] 6476-9100 FAX: [65] 6476-9232
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Heng Chee CHAN chancery: 3501 International Place NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 537-3100 FAX: [1] (202) 537-0876 consulate(s) general: San Francisco consulate(s): New York
Disputes - international	Singapore and Malaysia are considering taking the unresolved dispute over Pulau Batu Putih (Pedra Branca Island) to ICJ; Malaysia concerned over Singapore's land reclamation works on Johor, which affects the maritime boundary, shipping lanes, and water ecology in the Tebrau Reach
Economic aid - recipient	$NA
Economy - overview	Singapore, a highly developed and successful free-market economy, enjoys a remarkably open and corruption-free environment, stable prices, and one of the highest per capita GDPs in the world. The economy depends heavily on exports, particularly in electronics and manufacturing, and was hard hit in 2001 by the global recession and the slump in the technology sector. In 2001, GDP contracted by 2.2%. The economy is expected to recover in 2002 in response to improvements in the US economy, and GDP growth for 2002 is projected to be 3% to 4%. In the longer term the government hopes to establish a new growth path that will be less vulnerable to the external business cycle than the current export-led model, but is unlikely to abandon efforts to establish Singapore as Southeast Asia's financial and high-tech hub.
Electricity - consumption	25.947 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - production	27.9 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - production by source	fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Singapore Strait 0 m highest point: Bukit Timah 166 m
Environment - current issues	industrial pollution; limited natural fresh water resources; limited land availability presents waste disposal problems; seasonal smoke/haze resulting from forest fires in Indonesia
Environment - international agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups	Chinese 76.7%, Malay 14%, Indian 7.9%, other 1.4%
Exchange rates	Singapore dollars per US dollar - 1.8388 (January 2002), 1.7917 (2001), 1.7240 (2000), 1.6950 (1999), 1.6736 (1998), 1.4848 (1997)
Executive branch	chief of state: President Sellapan Rama (S. R.) NATHAN (since 1 September 1999) head of government: Prime Minister Chok Tong GOH (since 28 November 1990) and Deputy Prime Ministers Brig. Gen. (Ret.) Hsien Loong LEE (since 28 November 1990) and Keng Yam Tony TAN (since 1 August 1995) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president, responsible to Parliament elections: president elected by popular vote for a six-year term; election last held 28 August 1999 (next to be held by August 2005); following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the president; deputy prime ministers appointed by the president election results: Sellapan Rama (S. R.) NATHAN elected president unopposed
Exports	0 kWh (2000)
Exports	$122 billion f.o.b. (2001 est.)
Exports - commodities	machinery and equipment (including electronics), consumer goods, chemicals, mineral fuels
Exports - partners	Malaysia 18%, US 17%, Hong Kong 8%, Japan 7.5%, Taiwan 6%, Thailand 4.3%, China 4%, South Korea 3.6%, Germany 3%, Netherlands 3% (2000)
Fiscal year	1 April - 31 March
Flag description	two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; near the hoist side of the red band, there is a vertical, white crescent (closed portion is toward the hoist side) partially enclosing five white five-pointed stars arranged in a circle
GDP	purchasing power parity - $106.3 billion (2001 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: NEGL% industry: 33% services: 67% (2001 est.)
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $24,700 (2001 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	-2.2% (2001 est.)
Geographic coordinates	1 22 N, 103 48 E
Geography - note	focal point for Southeast Asian sea routes
Highways	total: 3,150 km paved: 3,066 km (including 150 km of expressways) unpaved: 84 km (2000)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Illicit drugs	as a transportation and financial services hub, Singapore is vulnerable, despite strict laws and enforcement, to use as a transit point for Golden Triangle heroin and as a venue for money laundering
Imports	0 kWh (2000)
Imports	$116 billion (2001 est.)
Imports - commodities	machinery and equipment, mineral fuels, chemicals, foodstuffs
Imports - partners	Japan 17%, Malaysia 17%, US 15%, China 5%, Taiwan 4.4%, Thailand 4.3%, South Korea 3.6%, Saudi Arabia 3% (2000)
Independence	9 August 1965 (from Malaysia)
Industrial production growth rate	-17.5% (2001 est.)
Industries	electronics, chemicals, financial services, oil drilling equipment, petroleum refining, rubber processing and rubber products, processed food and beverages, ship repair, entrepot trade, biotechnology
Infant mortality rate	3.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	1.5% (2001 est.)
International organization participation	APEC, ARF, AsDB, ASEAN, BIS, C, CCC, CP, ESCAP, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, NAM, OPCW, PCA, UN, UN Security Council (temporary), UNCTAD, UNIKOM, UNMEE, UNTAET, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	9 (2000)
Irrigated land	NA sq km
Judicial branch	Supreme Court (chief justice is appointed by the president with the advice of the prime minister, other judges are appointed by the president with the advice of the chief justice); Court of Appeals
Labor force	2.19 million (2000)
Labor force - by occupation	financial, business, and other services 35%, manufacturing 21%, construction 13%, transportation and communication 9%, other 22%
Land boundaries	0 km
Land use	arable land: 1.64% permanent crops: 0% other: 98.36% (1998 est.)
Languages	Chinese (official), Malay (official and national), Tamil (official), English (official)
Legal system	based on English common law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch	unicameral Parliament (84 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms); note - in addition, there are up to nine nominated members; the losing opposition candidate who came closet to winning a seat may be appointed as a "nonconstituency" member elections: last held 3 November 2001 (next to be held 25 June 2007) election results: percent of vote by party - PAP 75.3% (in contested constituencies), other 24.7%; seats by party - PAP 82, WP 1, SDA 1
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 80.29 years male: 77.34 years female: 83.47 years (2002 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 93.5% male: 97% female: 89.8% (1999)
Location	Southeastern Asia, islands between Malaysia and Indonesia
Map references	Southeast Asia
Maritime claims	exclusive fishing zone: within and beyond territorial sea, as defined in treaties and practice territorial sea: 3 NM
Merchant marine	total: 876 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 20,686,612 GRT/32,647,743 DWT ships by type: bulk 131, cargo 100, chemical tanker 81, combination bulk 10, combination ore/oil 6, container 168, liquefied gas 35, livestock carrier 2, multi-functional large-load carrier 1, petroleum tanker 287, refrigerated cargo 6, roll on/roll off 5, short-sea passenger 1, specialized tanker 11, vehicle carrier 32 note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Australia 7, Belgium 6, China 12, Denmark 27, Germany 17, Greece 4, Hong Kong 44, Indonesia 8, Japan 52, Malaysia 4, Monaco 22, Netherlands 2, Norway 42, Philippines 6, Russia 3, Slovenia 1, South Korea 10, Sweden 13, Switzerland 7, Taiwan 46, Tanzania 2, Thailand 22, United Arab Emirates 4, United Kingdom 14, United States 1 (2002 est.)
Military branches	Army, Navy, Air Force, People's Defense Force, Police Force
Military expenditures - dollar figure	$4.47 billion (FY01/02 est.)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	4.9% (FY01/02)
Military manpower - availability	males age 15-49: 1,354,857 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service	males age 15-49: 986,101 (2002 est.)
National holiday	Independence Day, 9 August (1965)
Nationality	noun: Singaporean(s) adjective: Singapore
Natural hazards	NA
Natural resources	fish, deepwater ports
Net migration rate	26.11 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Political parties and leaders	Democratic Progressive Party or DPP [leader NA]; People's Action Party or PAP [Chok Tong GOH, secretary general] - the governing party; Singapore Democratic Alliance or SDA [CHIAM See Tong] (includes Singapore People's Party or SPP [CHIAM See Tong], Singapore Democratic Party or SDP [CHEE Soon Juan], National Solidarity Party [leader NA], Singapore Justice Party [leader NA], and Singapore Malay National Organization [leader NA]); Workers' Party or WP [J. B. JEYARETNAM]
Political pressure groups and leaders	NA
Population	4,452,732 (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA%
Population growth rate	3.46% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors	Singapore
Radio broadcast stations	AM 0, FM 16, shortwave 2 (1998)
Radios	2.6 million (2000)
Railways	total: 38.6 km narrow gauge: 38.6 km 1.000-m gauge note: there is also a 83 km mass transit system with 48 stations
Religions	Buddhist (Chinese), Muslim (Malays), Christian, Hindu, Sikh, Taoist, Confucianist
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.08 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.78 male(s)/female total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Suffrage	21 years of age; universal and compulsory
Telephone system	general assessment: major consideration given to serving business interests; excellent international service domestic: excellent domestic facilities international: submarine cables to Malaysia (Sabah and Peninsular Malaysia), Indonesia, and the Philippines; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean), and 1 Inmarsat (Pacific Ocean region)
Telephones - main lines in use	1.95 million (2000)
Telephones - mobile cellular	2.74 million (2000)
Television broadcast stations	6 (2000)
Terrain	lowland; gently undulating central plateau contains water catchment area and nature preserve
Total fertility rate	1.23 children born/woman (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate	4.7% (2001 est.)
Waterways	none

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