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Compare Zambia (2001) - Tunisia (2004)

Compare Zambia (2001) z Tunisia (2004)

 Zambia (2001)Tunisia (2004)
 ZambiaTunisia
Administrative divisions 9 provinces; Central, Copperbelt, Eastern, Luapula, Lusaka, Northern, North-Western, Southern, Western 24 governorates; Ariana (Aryanah), Beja (Bajah), Ben Arous (Bin 'Arus), Bizerte (Banzart), Gabes (Qabis), Gafsa (Qafsah), Jendouba (Jundubah), Kairouan (Al Qayrawan), Kasserine (Al Qasrayn), Kebili (Qibili), Kef (Al Kaf), Mahdia (Al Mahdiyah), Manouba (Manubah), Medenine (Madanin), Monastir (Al Munastir), Nabeul (Nabul), Sfax (Safaqis), Sidi Bou Zid (Sidi Bu Zayd), Siliana (Silyanah), Sousse (Susah), Tataouine (Tatawin), Tozeur (Tawzar), Tunis, Zaghouan (Zaghwan)
Age structure 0-14 years:
47.36% (male 2,324,128; female 2,303,349)

15-64 years:
50.14% (male 2,433,250; female 2,465,747)

65 years and over:
2.5% (male 105,694; female 138,031) (2001 est.)
0-14 years: 26% (male 1,337,546; female 1,253,814)


15-64 years: 67.5% (male 3,373,199; female 3,360,402)


65 years and over: 6.5% (male 315,151; female 334,610) (2004 est.)
Agriculture - products corn, sorghum, rice, peanuts, sunflower seed, vegetables, flowers, tobacco, cotton, sugarcane, cassava (tapioca); cattle, goats, pigs, poultry, milk, eggs, hides; coffee olives, olive oil, grain, dairy products, tomatoes, citrus fruit, beef, sugar beets, dates, almonds
Airports 112 (2000 est.) 30 (2003 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total:
13

over 3,047 m:
1

2,438 to 3,047 m:
3

1,524 to 2,437 m:
5

914 to 1,523 m:
3

under 914 m:
1 (2000 est.)
total: 14


over 3,047 m: 3


2,438 to 3,047 m: 6


1,524 to 2,437 m: 2


914 to 1,523 m: 3 (2004 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
99

2,438 to 3,047 m:
1

1,524 to 2,437 m:
2

914 to 1,523 m:
65

under 914 m:
31 (2000 est.)
total: 16


1,524 to 2,437 m: 2


914 to 1,523 m: 7


under 914 m: 7 (2004 est.)
Area total:
752,614 sq km

land:
740,724 sq km

water:
11,890 sq km
total: 163,610 sq km


land: 155,360 sq km


water: 8,250 sq km
Area - comparative slightly larger than Texas slightly larger than Georgia
Background The territory of Northern Rhodesia was administered by the South Africa Company from 1891 until takeover by the UK in 1923. During the 1920s and 1930s, advances in mining spurred development and immigration. The name was changed to Zambia upon independence in 1964. In the 1980s and 1990s, declining copper prices and a prolonged drought hurt the economy. Elections in 1991 brought an end to one-party rule, but the subsequent vote in 1996 saw blatant harassment of opposition parties. Following independence from France in 1956, President Habib BOURGUIBA established a strict one-party state. He dominated the country for 31 years, repressing Islamic fundamentalism and establishing rights for women unmatched by any other Arab nation. In recent years, Tunisia has taken a moderate, non-aligned stance in its foreign relations. Domestically, it has sought to defuse rising pressure for a more open political society.
Birth rate 41.46 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) 15.74 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Budget revenues:
$900 million

expenditures:
$1 billion, including capital expenditures of NA million (1999 est.)
revenues: $6.101 billion


expenditures: $6.855 billion, including capital expenditures of $1.6 billion (2003 est.)
Capital Lusaka Tunis
Climate tropical; modified by altitude; rainy season (October to April) temperate in north with mild, rainy winters and hot, dry summers; desert in south
Coastline 0 km (landlocked) 1,148 km
Constitution 2 August 1991 1 June 1959; amended 12 July 1988
Country name conventional long form:
Republic of Zambia

conventional short form:
Zambia

former:
Northern Rhodesia
conventional long form: Tunisian Republic


conventional short form: Tunisia


local long form: Al Jumhuriyah at Tunisiyah


local short form: Tunis
Currency Zambian kwacha (ZMK) Tunisian dinar (TND)
Death rate 21.97 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) 5.05 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Debt - external $6.5 billion (2000) $14.39 billion (2003 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission:
Ambassador David B. DUNN

embassy:
corner of Independence and United Nations Avenues

mailing address:
P. O. Box 31617, Lusaka

telephone:
[260] (1) 250-955

FAX:
[260] (1) 252-225
chief of mission: Ambassador William J. HUDSON


embassy: Zone Nord-Est des Berges du Lac Nord de Tunis, 2045 La Goulette, Tunisia


mailing address: use embassy street address


telephone: [216] 71 107-000


FAX: [216] 71 962-115
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Atan SHANSONGA

chancery:
2419 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:
[1] (202) 265-9717 through 9719

FAX:
[1] (202) 332-0826
chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d' Affaires Tarek Azouz


chancery: 1515 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20005


telephone: [1] (202) 862-1850


FAX: [1] (202) 862-1858
Disputes - international - none
Economic aid - recipient $1.99 billion (1995) $378 million (2001)
Economy - overview Despite progress in privatization and budgetary reform, Zambia's economy has a long way to go. Privatization of government-owned copper mines relieved the government from covering mammoth losses generated by the industry and greatly improved the chances for copper mining to return to profitability and spur economic growth. In late 2000, Zambia was determined to be eligible for debt relief under the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) initiative. Inflation and unemployment rates remain high, but the GDP growth rate should rise in 2001. Tunisia has a diverse economy, with important agricultural, mining, energy, tourism, and manufacturing sectors. Governmental control of economic affairs while still heavy has gradually lessened over the past decade with increasing privatization, simplification of the tax structure, and a prudent approach to debt. Real growth, averaging 5% for the latter half of the last decade, slowed to a 15-year low of 1.9% in 2002 because of agricultural drought, slow investment, and lackluster tourism. Better rains in 2003, however, pushed GDP growth up to an estimated 6 percent, and tourism also recovered after the end of combat operations in Iraq. GDP growth remained at 6% in 2004. Tunisia has agreed to gradually remove barriers to trade with the European Union over the next decade. Broader privatization, further liberalization of the investment code to increase foreign investment, improvements in government efficiency, and reduction of the trade deficit are among the challenges for the future.
Electricity - consumption 5.926 billion kWh (1999) 9.748 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports 1.6 billion kWh (1999) 0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports 419 million kWh (1999) 1 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - production 7.642 billion kWh (1999) 10.48 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
0.55%

hydro:
99.45%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
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Elevation extremes lowest point:
Zambezi river 329 m

highest point:
unnamed location in Mafinga Hills 2,301 m
lowest point: Shatt al Gharsah -17 m


highest point: Jebel ech Chambi 1,544 m
Environment - current issues air pollution and resulting acid rain in the mineral extraction and refining region; chemical runoff into watersheds; poaching seriously threatens rhinoceros, elephant, antelope, and large cat populations; deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; lack of adequate water treatment presents human health risks toxic and hazardous waste disposal is ineffective and poses health risks; water pollution from raw sewage; limited natural fresh water resources; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification
Environment - international agreements party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation
Ethnic groups African 98.7%, European 1.1%, other 0.2% Arab 98%, European 1%, Jewish and other 1%
Exchange rates Zambian kwacha per US dollar - 4,024.53 (January 2001), 3,110.84 (2000), 2,388.02 (1999), 1,862.07 (1998), 1,314.50 (1997), 1,207.90 (1996) Tunisian dinars per US dollar - 1.2885 (2003), 1.4217 (2002), 1.4387 (2001), 1.3707 (2000), 1.1862 (1999)
Executive branch chief of state:
President Frederick CHILUBA (since 2 November 1991); Vice President Enoch KAVINDELE (since 4 May 2001); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

head of government:
President Frederick CHILUBA (since 2 November 1991); Vice President Enoch KAVINDELE (since 4 May 2001); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the president from among the members of the National Assembly

elections:
president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 18 November 1996 (next to be held NA October 2001); vice president appointed by the president

election results:
Frederick CHILUBA reelected president; percent of vote - Frederick CHILUBA 72.5%, Dean MUNGO'MBA 12.6%, Humphrey MULEMBA 7%, Akashambatwa LEWANIKA 4.7%, Chama CHAKOMBOKA 3.2%
chief of state: President Zine El Abidine BEN ALI (since 7 November 1987)


head of government: Prime Minister Mohamed GHANNOUCHI (since 17 November 1999)


cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president


elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 24 October 2004 (next to be held October 2009); prime minister appointed by the president


election results: President Zine El Abidine BEN ALI reelected for a fourth term; percent of vote - Zine El Abidine BEN ALI 94.5%, Mohamed BOUCHIHA 3.8%, Mohamed Ali HALOUANI 1%
Exports $928 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.) NA (2001)
Exports - commodities copper, cobalt, electricity, tobacco textiles, mechanical goods, phosphates and chemicals, agricultural products, hydrocarbons
Exports - partners Japan, Saudi Arabia, India, Thailand, South Africa, US, Malaysia (1997) France 32.6%, Italy 21.9%, Germany 10.7%, Spain 4.7%, Libya 4.4% (2003)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description green with a panel of three vertical bands of red (hoist side), black, and orange below a soaring orange eagle, on the outer edge of the flag red with a white disk in the center bearing a red crescent nearly encircling a red five-pointed star; the crescent and star are traditional symbols of Islam
GDP purchasing power parity - $8.5 billion (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $68.23 billion (2003 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
18%

industry:
27%

services:
55% (1999 est.)
agriculture: 13.9%


industry: 32.2%


services: 53.9% (2003 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $880 (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $6,900 (2003 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 4% (2000 est.) 5.1% (2003 est.)
Geographic coordinates 15 00 S, 30 00 E 34 00 N, 9 00 E
Geography - note landlocked strategic location in central Mediterranean; Malta and Tunisia are discussing the commercial exploitation of the continental shelf between their countries, particularly for oil exploration
Highways total:
66,781 km

paved:
NA km

unpaved:
NA km (1997 est.)
total: 18,997 km


paved: 12,310 km (including 142 km of expressways)


unpaved: 6,687 km (2000)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
1.6%

highest 10%:
39.2% (1995)
lowest 10%: 2.3%


highest 10%: 31.8% (1995)
Illicit drugs transshipment point for moderate amounts of methaqualone, small amounts of heroin, and cocaine bound for Southern Africa and possibly Europe; regional money-laundering center -
Imports $1.05 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.) NA (2001)
Imports - commodities machinery, transportation equipment, fuels, petroleum products, electricity, fertilizer; foodstuffs, clothing textiles, machinery and equipment, hydrocarbons, chemicals, food
Imports - partners South Africa 48%, Saudi Arabia, UK, Zimbabwe (1997) France 26.1%, Italy 19.8%, Germany 8.9%, Spain 5.2% (2003)
Independence 24 October 1964 (from UK) 20 March 1956 (from France)
Industrial production growth rate 6.1% (2000 est.) -0.1% (2003 est.)
Industries copper mining and processing, construction, foodstuffs, beverages, chemicals, textiles, fertilizer petroleum, mining (particularly phosphate and iron ore), tourism, textiles, footwear, agribusiness, beverages
Infant mortality rate 90.89 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) total: 25.76 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 28.7 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 22.59 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 27.3% (2000 est.) 2.7% (2003 est.)
International organization participation ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-19, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITU, MONUC, NAM, OAU, OPCW, PCA, SADC, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMEE, UNMIK, UNTAET, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO ABEDA, ACCT, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AMU, AU, BSEC (observer), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAS, MIGA, MONUC, NAM, OAPEC, OAS (observer), OIC, ONUB, OPCW, OSCE (partner), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMEE, UNOCI, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 3 (2000) -
Irrigated land 460 sq km (1993 est.) 3,800 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court (the final court of appeal; justices are appointed by the president); High Court (has unlimited jurisdiction to hear civil and criminal cases) Court of Cassation or Cour de Cassation
Labor force 3.4 million 3.461 million


note: shortage of skilled labor (2003 est.)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 85%, industry 6%, services 9% services 55%, industry 23%, agriculture 22% (1995 est.)
Land boundaries total:
5,664 km

border countries:
Angola 1,110 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo 1,930 km, Malawi 837 km, Mozambique 419 km, Namibia 233 km, Tanzania 338 km, Zimbabwe 797 km
total: 1,424 km


border countries: Algeria 965 km, Libya 459 km
Land use arable land:
7%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
40%

forests and woodland:
39%

other:
14% (1993 est.)
arable land: 17.86%


permanent crops: 13.74%


other: 68.4% (2001)
Languages English (official), major vernaculars - Bemba, Kaonda, Lozi, Lunda, Luvale, Nyanja, Tonga, and about 70 other indigenous languages Arabic (official and one of the languages of commerce), French (commerce)
Legal system based on English common law and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in an ad hoc constitutional council; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction based on French civil law system and Islamic law; some judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court in joint session
Legislative branch unicameral National Assembly (150 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)

elections:
last held 18 November 1996 (next to be held NA December 2001)

election results:
percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - MMD 131, NP 5, Zadeco 2, AZ 2, independents 10
unicameral Chamber of Deputies or Majlis al-Nuwaab (189 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)


elections: last held 24 October 2004 (next to be held October 2009)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - RCD 152, MDS 14, PUP 11, UDU 7, Al-Tajdid 3, PSL 2
Life expectancy at birth total population:
37.29 years

male:
37.06 years

female:
37.53 years (2001 est.)
total population: 74.66 years


male: 73 years


female: 76.44 years (2004 est.)
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over can read and write English

total population:
78.2%

male:
85.6%

female:
71.3% (1995 est.)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 74.2%


male: 84%


female: 64.4% (2003 est.)
Location Southern Africa, east of Angola Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Algeria and Libya
Map references Africa Africa
Maritime claims none (landlocked) territorial sea: 12 nm


contiguous zone: 24 nm
Merchant marine - total: 11 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 124,733 GRT/122,664 DWT


by type: bulk 2, cargo 1, chemical tanker 4, liquefied gas 1, short-sea/passenger 3


registered in other countries: 2 (2004 est.)
Military branches Army, Air Force, National Service, police Army, Navy, Air Force
Military expenditures - dollar figure $76 million (FY97) $356 million (FY99)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 1.8% (FY97) 1.5% (FY99)
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49:
2,246,640 (2001 est.)
males age 15-49: 2,918,524 (2004 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49:
1,193,047 (2001 est.)
males age 15-49: 1,655,910 (2004 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually - males: 106,565 (2004 est.)
National holiday Independence Day, 24 October (1964) Independence Day, 20 March (1956)
Nationality noun:
Zambian(s)

adjective:
Zambian
noun: Tunisian(s)


adjective: Tunisian
Natural hazards tropical storms (November to April) NA
Natural resources copper, cobalt, zinc, lead, coal, emeralds, gold, silver, uranium, hydropower petroleum, phosphates, iron ore, lead, zinc, salt
Net migration rate -0.16 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) -0.57 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Pipelines crude oil 1,724 km gas 3,059 km; oil 1,203 km; refined products 345 km (2004)
Political parties and leaders Agenda for Zambia or AZ [Akashambatwa LEWANIKA]; Labor Party or LP [Chibiza MFUNI]; Liberal Progressive Front or LPF [Roger CHONGWE, president]; Movement for Democratic Process or MDP [Chama CHAKOM BOKA]; Movement for Multiparty Democracy or MMD [Frederick CHILUBA]; National Party or NP [Daniel LISULO]; Republican Party or RP [Ben MWILA]; Social Democratic Party or SDP [Gwendoline Konie]; United National Independence Party or UNIP [Tilyenji KAUNDA]; United Party for National Development or UPND [Anderson MAZOKA]; Zambia Democratic Congress or Zadeco [Eden JERRY, acting head] Al-Tajdid Movement [Ali HALOUANI]; Constitutional Democratic Rally Party (Rassemblement Constitutionnel Democratique) or RCD [President Zine El Abidine BEN ALI (official ruling party)]; Liberal Social Party or PSL [Mounir BEJI]; Movement of Socialist Democrats or MDS [Ismail BOULAHYA]; Popular Unity Party or PUP [Mohamed BOUCHIHA]; Progressive Democratic Party [Nejib CHEBBI]; Unionist Democratic Union or UDU [Abderrahmane TLILI]
Political pressure groups and leaders NA the Islamic fundamentalist party, Al Nahda (Renaissance), is outlawed
Population 9,770,199

note:
estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2001 est.)
9,974,722 (July 2004 est.)
Population below poverty line 86% (1993 est.) 7.6% (2001 est.)
Population growth rate 1.93% (2001 est.) 1.01% (2004 est.)
Ports and harbors Mpulungu Bizerte, Gabes, La Goulette, Sfax, Sousse, Tunis, Zarzis
Radio broadcast stations AM 19, FM 5, shortwave 4 (1998) AM 7, FM 20, shortwave 2 (1998)
Radios 1.03 million (1997) -
Railways total:
2,164 km (1995)

narrow gauge:
2,164 km 1.067-m gauge (13 km double track)

note:
the total includes 891 km of the Tanzania-Zambia Railway Authority (TAZARA), which operates 1,860 km of 1.067-m narrow gauge track between Dar es Salaam and Kapiri Mposhi where it connects to the Zambia Railways system; TAZARA is not a part of the Zambia Railways system; Zambia Railways assets are scheduled for concessioning in 2001
total: 2,152 km


standard gauge: 468 km 1.435-m gauge


narrow gauge: 1,674 km 1.000-m gauge (65 km electrified)


dual gauge: 10 km 1.435-m and 1.000-m gauges (three rails) (2003)
Religions Christian 50%-75%, Muslim and Hindu 24%-49%, indigenous beliefs 1% Muslim 98%, Christian 1%, Jewish and other 1%
Sex ratio at birth:
1.03 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.01 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.99 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.77 male(s)/female

total population:
0.99 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.94 male(s)/female


total population: 1.02 male(s)/female (2004 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 20 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment:
facilities are among the best in Sub-Saharan Africa

domestic:
high-capacity microwave radio relay connects most larger towns and cities; several cellular telephone services in operation; Internet service is widely available; very small aperture terminal (VSAT) networks are operated by private firms

international:
satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean)
general assessment: above the African average and continuing to be upgraded; key centers are Sfax, Sousse, Bizerte, and Tunis; Internet access available


domestic: trunk facilities consist of open-wire lines, coaxial cable, and microwave radio relay


international: country code - 216; 5 submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 Arabsat; coaxial cable and microwave radio relay to Algeria and Libya; participant in Medarabtel; two international gateway digital switches
Telephones - main lines in use 77,935 (in addition there are about 40,000 fixed telephones in wireless local loop connections) (1997) 1,163,800 (2003)
Telephones - mobile cellular 6,000 (1998) 1,899,900 (2003)
Television broadcast stations 9 (1997) 26 (plus 76 repeaters) (1995)
Terrain mostly high plateau with some hills and mountains mountains in north; hot, dry central plain; semiarid south merges into the Sahara
Total fertility rate 5.53 children born/woman (2001 est.) 1.79 children born/woman (2004 est.)
Unemployment rate 50% (2000 est.) 14.3% (2003 est.)
Waterways 2,250 km

note:
includes Lake Tanganyika and the Zambezi and Luapula rivers
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