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Compare Svalbard (2001) - Aruba (2002)
Compare Svalbard (2001) z Aruba (2002)
| Svalbard (2001) | Aruba (2002) | |
 |  | |
| Administrative divisions | - | none (part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands) |
| Age structure | 0-14 years:
NA% 15-64 years: NA% 65 years and over: NA% |
0-14 years: 21% (male 7,635; female 7,169)
15-64 years: 68.4% (male 23,270; female 24,906) 65 years and over: 10.6% (male 3,081; female 4,380) (2002 est.) |
| Agriculture - products | - | aloes; livestock; fish |
| Airports | 4 (2000 est.) | 1 (2001) |
| Airports - with paved runways | total:
1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2000 est.) |
total: 1
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2002) |
| Airports - with unpaved runways | total:
3 under 914 m: 3 (2000 est.) |
- |
| Area | total:
62,049 sq km land: 62,049 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes Spitsbergen and Bjornoya (Bear Island) |
total: 193 sq km
land: 193 sq km water: 0 sq km |
| Area - comparative | slightly smaller than West Virginia | slightly larger than Washington, DC |
| Background | First discovered by the Norwegians in the 12th century, the islands served as an international whaling base during the 17th and 18th centuries. Norway's sovereignty was recognized in 1920; five years later it officially took over the territory. | Discovered and claimed for Spain in 1499, Aruba was acquired by the Dutch in 1636. The island's economy has been dominated by three main industries. A 19th century gold rush was followed by prosperity brought on by the opening in 1924 of an oil refinery. The last decades of the 20th century saw a boom in the tourism industry. Aruba seceded from the Netherlands Antilles in 1986 and became a separate, autonomous member of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. Movement toward full independence was halted at Aruba's request in 1990. |
| Birth rate | NA births/1,000 population | 12.22 births/1,000 population (2002 est.) |
| Budget | revenues:
$11.5 million expenditures: $11.5 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1998 est.) |
revenues: $135.81 million
expenditures: $147 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000) |
| Capital | Longyearbyen | Oranjestad |
| Climate | arctic, tempered by warm North Atlantic Current; cool summers, cold winters; North Atlantic Current flows along west and north coasts of Spitsbergen, keeping water open and navigable most of the year | tropical marine; little seasonal temperature variation |
| Coastline | 3,587 km | 68.5 km |
| Constitution | - | 1 January 1986 |
| Country name | conventional long form:
none conventional short form: Svalbard (sometimes referred to as Spitzbergen) |
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Aruba |
| Currency | Norwegian krone (NOK) | Aruban guilder/florin (AWG) |
| Death rate | NA deaths/1,000 population | 6.29 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.) |
| Debt - external | - | $285 million (1996) |
| Dependency status | territory of Norway; administered by the Ministry of Industry, Oslo, through a governor (sysselmann) residing in Longyearbyen, Spitsbergen; by treaty (9 February 1920) sovereignty was given to Norway | part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands; full autonomy in internal affairs obtained in 1986 upon separation from the Netherlands Antilles; Dutch Government responsible for defense and foreign affairs |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | - | chief of mission: Consul General Deborah A. BOLTON
embassy: J. B. Gorsiraweg #1, Curacao mailing address: P. O. Box 158, Willemstad, Curacao telephone: [599] (9) 461-3066 FAX: [599] (9) 461-6489 |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | - | none (represented by the Kingdom of the Netherlands) |
| Disputes - international | focus of a maritime boundary dispute between Norway and Russia | none |
| Economic aid - recipient | $8.2 million from Norway (1998) | $26 million (1995); note - the Netherlands provided a $127 million aid package to Aruba and Suriname in 1996 |
| Economy - overview | Coal mining is the major economic activity on Svalbard. The treaty of 9 February 1920 gives the 41 signatories equal rights to exploit mineral deposits, subject to Norwegian regulation. Although US, UK, Dutch, and Swedish coal companies have mined in the past, the only companies still mining are Norwegian and Russian. The settlements on Svalbard are essentially company towns. The Norwegian state-owned coal company employs nearly 60% of the Norwegian population on the island, runs many of the local services, and provides most of the local infrastructure. There is also some trapping of seal, polar bear, fox, and walrus. | Tourism is the mainstay of the small, open Aruban economy, with offshore banking and oil refining and storage also important. The rapid growth of the tourism sector over the last decade has resulted in a substantial expansion of other activities. Construction has boomed, with hotel capacity five times the 1985 level. In addition, the reopening of the country's oil refinery in 1993, a major source of employment and foreign exchange earnings, has further spurred growth. Aruba's small labor force and low unemployment rate have led to a large number of unfilled job vacancies, despite sharp rises in wage rates in recent years. The government's goal of balancing the budget within two years will hamper expenditures, as will the decline in stopover tourist arrivals following the 11 September terrorist attacks. |
| Electricity - consumption | NA kWh | 418.5 million kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - exports | - | 0 kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - imports | - | 0 kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - production | NA kWh | 450 million kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - production by source | fossil fuel:
NA% hydro: NA% nuclear: NA% other: NA% |
fossil fuel: 100%
hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000) |
| Elevation extremes | lowest point:
Arctic Ocean 0 m highest point: Newtontoppen 1,717 m |
lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m
highest point: Mount Jamanota 188 m |
| Environment - current issues | NA | NA |
| Ethnic groups | Norwegian 55.4%, Russian and Ukrainian 44.3%, other 0.3% (1998) | mixed white/Caribbean Amerindian 80% |
| Exchange rates | Norwegian kroner per US dollar - 8.7784 (January 2001), 8.8018 (2000), 7.7992 (1999), 7.5451 (1998), 7.0734 (1997), 6.4498 (1996) | Aruban guilders/florins per US dollar - 1.7900 (fixed rate since 1986) |
| Executive branch | chief of state:
King HARALD V of Norway (since 17 January 1991) head of government: Governor Morten RUUD (since NA November 1998) and Assistant Governor Odd Redar HUMLEGAARD (since NA) elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor and assistant governor responsible to the Polar Department of the Ministry of Justice |
chief of state: Queen BEATRIX of the Netherlands (since 30 April 1980), represented by Governor General Olindo KOOLMAN (since 1 January 1992)
head of government: Prime Minister Nelson O. ODUBER (since 30 October 2001); deputy prime minister NA cabinet: Council of Ministers (elected by the Staten) elections: the monarch is hereditary; governor general appointed for a six-year term by the monarch; prime minister and deputy prime minister elected by the Staten for four-year terms; election last held 28 September 2001 (next to be held by December 2005) election results: Nelson O. ODUBER elected prime minister; percent of legislative vote - NA% |
| Exports | $NA | $2.58 billion f.o.b. (including oil reexports) (2000) |
| Exports - commodities | - | live animals and animal products, art and collectibles, machinery and electrical equipment, transport equipment |
| Exports - partners | - | US 42%, Colombia 20%, Netherlands 12% (1999) |
| Fiscal year | - | calendar year |
| Flag description | the flag of Norway is used | blue, with two narrow, horizontal, yellow stripes across the lower portion and a red, four-pointed star outlined in white in the upper hoist-side corner |
| GDP | purchasing power parity - $NA | purchasing power parity - $1.94 billion (1999 est.) |
| GDP - composition by sector | - | agriculture: NA%
industry: NA% services: NA% |
| GDP - per capita | purchasing power parity - $NA | purchasing power parity - $28,000 (2000 est.) |
| GDP - real growth rate | NA% | 2.5% (2000) |
| Geographic coordinates | 78 00 N, 20 00 E | 12 30 N, 69 58 W |
| Geography - note | northernmost part of the Kingdom of Norway; consists of nine main islands; glaciers and snowfields cover 60% of the total area | a flat, riverless island renowned for its white sand beaches; its tropical climate is moderated by constant trade winds from the Atlantic Ocean; the temperature is almost constant at about 27 degrees Celsius (81 degrees Fahrenheit) |
| Highways | total:
NA km paved: NA km unpaved: NA km |
total: 800 km
paved: 513 km unpaved: 287 km note: most coastal roads are paved, while unpaved roads serve large tracts of the interior (1995) |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share | lowest 10%:
NA% highest 10%: NA% |
lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
| Illicit drugs | - | transit point for US- and Europe-bound narcotics with some accompanying money-laundering activity |
| Imports | $NA | $2.61 billion f.o.b. (2000) |
| Imports - commodities | - | machinery and electrical equipment, crude oil for refining and reexport, chemicals; foodstuffs |
| Imports - partners | - | US 63%, Netherlands 11%, Netherlands Antilles 3%, Japan (1999) |
| Independence | none (territory of Norway) | none (part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands) |
| Industrial production growth rate | NA% | NA% |
| Industries | - | tourism, transshipment facilities, oil refining |
| Infant mortality rate | NA deaths/1,000 live births | 6.26 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.) |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | NA% | 4% (2000) |
| International organization participation | none | Caricom (observer), ECLAC (associate), Interpol, IOC, UNESCO (associate), WCL, WToO (associate) |
| Internet Service Providers (ISPs) | 13 (Svalbard and Jan Mayen) (2000) | NA |
| Irrigated land | NA sq km | 0.01 sq km (1998 est.) |
| Judicial branch | - | Joint High Court of Justice (judges are appointed by the monarch) |
| Labor force | NA | 41,501 |
| Labor force - by occupation | - | most employment is in wholesale and retail trade and repair, followed by hotels and restaurants; oil refining |
| Land boundaries | 0 km | 0 km |
| Land use | arable land:
0% permanent crops: 0% permanent pastures: 0% forests and woodland: 0% other: 100% (no trees, and the only bushes are crowberry and cloudberry) |
arable land: 10.53% (including aloe 0.01%)
permanent crops: 0% other: 89.47% (1998 est.) |
| Languages | Russian, Norwegian | Dutch (official), Papiamento (a Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch, English dialect), English (widely spoken), Spanish |
| Legal system | NA | based on Dutch civil law system, with some English common law influence |
| Legislative branch | - | unicameral Legislature or Staten (21 seats; members elected by direct, popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 28 September 2001 (next to be held by NA 2005) election results: percent of vote by party - MEP 52.4%, AVP 26.7%, PPA 9.6%, OLA 5.7%, Aliansa 3.5%, other 2.1%; seats by party - MEP 12, AVP 6, PPA 2, OLA 1 |
| Life expectancy at birth | total population:
NA years male: NA years female: NA years |
total population: 78.67 years
male: 75.32 years female: 82.19 years (2002 est.) |
| Literacy | - | definition: NA
total population: 97% male: NA% female: NA% |
| Location | Northern Europe, islands between the Arctic Ocean, Barents Sea, Greenland Sea, and Norwegian Sea, north of Norway | Caribbean, island in the Caribbean Sea, north of Venezuela |
| Map references | Arctic Region | Central America and the Caribbean |
| Maritime claims | exclusive fishing zone:
200 NM unilaterally claimed by Norway but not recognized by Russia territorial sea: 4 NM |
territorial sea: 12 NM |
| Merchant marine | none (2000 est.) | note: there is one foreign-owned ship registered here as a flag of convenience: Monaco 1 (2002 est.) |
| Military - note | demilitarized by treaty (9 February 1920) | defense is the responsibility of the Kingdom of the Netherlands |
| Military branches | - | no regular indigenous military forces; Royal Dutch Navy and Marines, Coast Guard |
| National holiday | NA | Flag Day, 18 March |
| Nationality | - | noun: Aruban(s)
adjective: Aruban; Dutch |
| Natural hazards | ice floes often block up the entrance to Bellsund (a transit point for coal export) on the west coast and occasionally make parts of the northeastern coast inaccessible to maritime traffic | lies outside the Caribbean hurricane belt |
| Natural resources | coal, copper, iron ore, phosphate, zinc, wildlife, fish | NEGL; white sandy beaches |
| Net migration rate | NA migrant(s)/1,000 population | NEGL migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.) |
| Political parties and leaders | - | Aruba Solidarity Movement or MAS [leader NA]; Aruban Democratic Alliance or Aliansa [leader NA]; Aruban Democratic Party or PDA [Leo BERLINSKI]; Aruban Liberal Party or OLA [Glenbert CROES]; Aruban Patriotic Party or PPA [Benny NISBET]; Aruban People's Party or AVP [Jan (Henny) H. EMAN]; Concentration for the Liberation of Aruba or CLA [leader NA]; People's Electoral Movement Party or MEP [Nelson O. ODUBER]; For a Restructured Aruba Now or PARA [Urbana LOPEZ]; National Democratic Action or ADN [Pedro Charro KELLY] |
| Political pressure groups and leaders | - | NA |
| Population | 2,332 (July 2001 est.) | 70,441 (July 2002 est.) |
| Population below poverty line | NA% | NA% |
| Population growth rate | -3.55% (2001 est.) | 0.59% (2002 est.) |
| Ports and harbors | Barentsburg, Longyearbyen, Ny-Alesund, Pyramiden | Barcadera, Oranjestad, Sint Nicolaas |
| Radio broadcast stations | AM 1, FM 1 (plus 2 repeaters), shortwave 0 (1998) | AM 4, FM 6, shortwave 0 (1998) |
| Radios | NA | 50,000 (1997) |
| Railways | 0 km | 0 km |
| Religions | - | Roman Catholic 82%, Protestant 8%, Hindu, Muslim, Confucian, Jewish |
| Sex ratio | - | at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.93 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.7 male(s)/female total population: 0.93 male(s)/female (2002 est.) |
| Suffrage | - | 18 years of age; universal |
| Telephone system | general assessment:
probably adequate domestic: local telephone service international: satellite earth station - 1 of unknown type (for communication with Norwegian mainland only) |
general assessment: NA
domestic: more than adequate international: 1 submarine cable to Sint Maarten (Netherlands Antilles); extensive interisland microwave radio relay links |
| Telephones - main lines in use | NA | 33,000 (1997) |
| Telephones - mobile cellular | NA | 3,402 (1997) |
| Television broadcast stations | NA | 1 (1997) |
| Terrain | wild, rugged mountains; much of high land ice covered; west coast clear of ice about one-half of the year; fjords along west and north coasts | flat with a few hills; scant vegetation |
| Total fertility rate | NA children born/woman | 1.8 children born/woman (2002 est.) |
| Unemployment rate | - | 0.6% |
| Waterways | none | none |
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