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Compare Senegal (2001) - Togo (2006)

Compare Senegal (2001) z Togo (2006)

 Senegal (2001)Togo (2006)
 SenegalTogo
Administrative divisions 10 regions (regions, singular - region); Dakar, Diourbel, Fatick, Kaolack, Kolda, Louga, Saint-Louis, Tambacounda, Thies, Ziguinchor 5 regions (regions, singular - region); Centrale, Kara, Maritime, Plateaux, Savanes
Age structure 0-14 years:
44.07% (male 2,279,996; female 2,252,255)

15-64 years:
52.88% (male 2,603,829; female 2,834,328)

65 years and over:
3.05% (male 155,877; female 158,644) (2001 est.)
0-14 years: 42.3% (male 1,177,141/female 1,169,321)


15-64 years: 55.1% (male 1,485,621/female 1,570,117)


65 years and over: 2.6% (male 59,870/female 86,632) (2006 est.)
Agriculture - products peanuts, millet, corn, sorghum, rice, cotton, tomatoes, green vegetables; cattle, poultry, pigs; fish coffee, cocoa, cotton, yams, cassava (tapioca), corn, beans, rice, millet, sorghum; livestock; fish
Airports 20 (2000 est.) 9 (2006)
Airports - with paved runways total:
10

over 3,047 m:
1

1,524 to 2,437 m:
7

914 to 1,523 m:
2 (2000 est.)
total: 2


2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 (2006)
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
10

1,524 to 2,437 m:
5

914 to 1,523 m:
4

under 914 m:
1 (2000 est.)
total: 7


914 to 1,523 m: 5


under 914 m: 2 (2006)
Area total:
196,190 sq km

land:
192,000 sq km

water:
4,190 sq km
total: 56,785 sq km


land: 54,385 sq km


water: 2,400 sq km
Area - comparative slightly smaller than South Dakota slightly smaller than West Virginia
Background Independent from France in 1960, Senegal joined with The Gambia to form the nominal confederation of Senegambia in 1982. However, the envisaged integration of the two countries was never carried out, and the union was dissolved in 1989. Despite peace talks, a southern separatist group sporadically has clashed with government forces since 1982. Senegal has a long history of participating in international peacekeeping. French Togoland became Togo in 1960. Gen. Gnassingbe EYADEMA, installed as military ruler in 1967, continued to rule well into the 21st century. Despite the facade of multiparty elections instituted in the early 1990s, the government continued to be dominated by President EYADEMA, whose Rally of the Togolese People (RPT) party has maintained power almost continually since 1967. Togo has come under fire from international organizations for human rights abuses and is plagued by political unrest. While most bilateral and multilateral aid to Togo remains frozen, the EU initiated a partial resumption of cooperation and development aid to Togo in late 2004 based upon commitments by Togo to expand opportunities for political opposition and liberalize portions of the economy. Upon his death in February 2005, President EYADEMA was succeeded by his son Faure GNASSINGBE. The succession, supported by the military and in contravention of the nation's constitution, was challenged by popular protest and a threat of sanctions from regional leaders. GNASSINGBE succumbed to pressure and in April 2005 held elections that legitimized his succession.
Birth rate 37.46 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) 37.01 births/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Budget revenues:
$885 million

expenditures:
$885 million, including capital expenditures of $125 million (1996 est.)
revenues: $251.3 million


expenditures: $292.9 million; including capital expenditures of $NA (2005 est.)
Capital Dakar name: Lome


geographic coordinates: 6 08 N, 1 13 E


time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Climate tropical; hot, humid; rainy season (May to November) has strong southeast winds; dry season (December to April) dominated by hot, dry, harmattan wind tropical; hot, humid in south; semiarid in north
Coastline 531 km 56 km
Constitution 3 March 1963, revised 1991 multiparty draft constitution approved by High Council of the Republic 1 July 1992, adopted by public referendum 27 September 1992
Country name conventional long form:
Republic of Senegal

conventional short form:
Senegal

local long form:
Republique du Senegal

local short form:
Senegal
conventional long form: Togolese Republic


conventional short form: Togo


local long form: Republique togolaise


local short form: none


former: French Togoland
Currency Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States -
Death rate 8.35 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) 9.83 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Debt - external $4.1 billion (1998 est.) $2 billion (2005)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Harriet L. ELAM-THOMAS

embassy:
Avenue Jean XXIII at the corner of Rue Kleber, Dakar

mailing address:
B. P. 49, Dakar

telephone:
[221] 823-4296, 823-7384

FAX:
[221] 822-2991
chief of mission: Ambassador Gregory ENGLE


embassy: Angle Rue Kouenou and Rue 15 Beniglato, Lome


mailing address: B. P. 852, Lome


telephone: [228] 221 29 91 through 221 29 94


FAX: [228] 221 79 52
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Mamadou Mansour SECK

chancery:
2112 Wyoming Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:
[1] (202) 234-0540
chief of mission: Ambassador Akoussoulelou BODJONA


chancery: 2208 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 234-4212


FAX: [1] (202) 232-3190
Disputes - international none in 2001 Benin claimed Togo moved boundary monuments - joint commission continues to resurvey the boundary
Economic aid - recipient $647.5 million (1995) ODA, $80 million (2000 est.)
Economy - overview In January 1994, Senegal undertook a bold and ambitious economic reform program with the support of the international donor community. This reform began with a 50% devaluation of Senegal's currency, the CFA franc, which is linked at a fixed rate to the French franc. Government price controls and subsidies have been steadily dismantled. After seeing its economy contract by 2.1% in 1993, Senegal made an important turnaround, thanks to the reform program, with real growth in GDP averaging 5% annually in 1995-99. Annual inflation has been pushed down to 2%, and the fiscal deficit has been cut to less than 1.5% of GDP. Investment rose steadily from 13.8% of GDP in 1993 to 16.5% in 1997. As a member of the West African Economic and Monetary Union (UEMOA), Senegal is working toward greater regional integration with a unified external tariff. Senegal also realized full Internet connectivity in 1996, creating a miniboom in information technology-based services. Private activity now accounts for 82% of GDP. On the negative side, Senegal faces deep-seated urban problems of chronic unemployment, juvenile delinquency, and drug addiction. Real GDP growth is expected to rise above 6%, while inflation is likely to hold at 2% in 2001-02. This small, sub-Saharan economy is heavily dependent on both commercial and subsistence agriculture, which provides employment for 65% of the labor force. Some basic foodstuffs must still be imported. Cocoa, coffee, and cotton generate about 40% of export earnings, with cotton being the most important cash crop. Togo is the world's fourth-largest producer of phosphate. The government's decade-long effort, supported by the World Bank and the IMF, to implement economic reform measures, encourage foreign investment, and bring revenues in line with expenditures has moved slowly. Progress depends on follow-through on privatization, increased openness in government financial operations, progress toward legislative elections, and continued support from foreign donors. Togo is working with donors to write a PRGF that could eventually lead to a debt reduction plan.
Electricity - consumption 1.181 billion kWh (1999) 654.3 million kWh (2003)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (1999) 0 kWh (2003)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (1999) 500 million kWh; note - electricity supplied by Ghana (2003)
Electricity - production 1.27 billion kWh (1999) 165.9 million kWh (2003)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
100%

hydro:
0%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
-
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Atlantic Ocean 0 m

highest point:
unnamed feature near Nepen Diakha 581 m
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m


highest point: Mont Agou 986 m
Environment - current issues wildlife populations threatened by poaching; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification; overfishing deforestation attributable to slash-and-burn agriculture and the use of wood for fuel; water pollution presents health hazards and hinders the fishing industry; air pollution increasing in urban areas
Environment - international agreements party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling

signed, but not ratified:
Marine Dumping
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups Wolof 43.3%, Pular 23.8%, Serer 14.7%, Jola 3.7%, Mandinka 3%, Soninke 1.1%, European and Lebanese 1%, other 9.4% African (37 tribes; largest and most important are Ewe, Mina, and Kabre) 99%, European and Syrian-Lebanese less than 1%
Exchange rates Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - 699.21 (January 2001), 711.98 (2000), 615.70 (1999), 589.95 (1998), 583.67 (1997), 511.55 (1966); note - from 1 January 1999, the XOF is pegged to the euro at a rate of 655.957 XOF per euro Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - 527.47 (2005), 528.29 (2004), 581.2 (2003), 696.99 (2002), 733.04 (2001)
Executive branch chief of state:
President Abdoulaye WADE (since 1 April 2000)

head of government:
Prime Minister Madior BOYE (since 3 March 2001)

cabinet:
Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister in consultation with the president

elections:
president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term; election last held 27 February and 19 March 2000 (next to be held 27 February 2007); prime minister appointed by the president

election results:
Abdoulaye WADE elected president; percent of vote in the second round of voting - Abdoulaye WADE (PDS) 58.49%, Abdou DIOUF (PS) 41.51%
chief of state: President Faure GNASSINGBE (since 6 February 2005); note - Gnassingbe EYADEMA died on 5 February 2005 and was succeeded by his son, Faure GNASSINGBE; popular elections in April 2005 validated the succession


head of government: Prime Minister Yawovi AGBOYIBO (since 16 September 2006)


cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president and the prime minister


elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (no term limits); election last held 24 April 2005 (next to be held NA); prime minister appointed by the president


election results: Faure GNASSINGBE elected president; percent of vote - Faure GNASSINGBE 60.2%, Emmanuel Akitani BOB 38.3%, Nicolas LAWSON 1%, Harry OLYMPIO 0.5%
Exports $959 million (f.o.b., 2000) NA bbl/day
Exports - commodities fish, ground nuts (peanuts), petroleum products, phosphates, cotton reexports, cotton, phosphates, coffee, cocoa
Exports - partners France 17%, India 17%, Italy 12%, Spain 6%, Mali 6%, Cote d'Ivoire 4% (1999) Ghana 21.1%, Burkina Faso 18.2%, Benin 11.5%, Mali 7.3%, India 5.8%, Nigeria 4% (2005)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), yellow, and red with a small green five-pointed star centered in the yellow band; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia five equal horizontal bands of green (top and bottom) alternating with yellow; there is a white five-pointed star on a red square in the upper hoist-side corner; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia
GDP purchasing power parity - $16 billion (2000 est.) -
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
19%

industry:
20%

services:
61% (1997 est.)
agriculture: 39.5%


industry: 20.4%


services: 40.1% (2003 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $1,600 (2000 est.) -
GDP - real growth rate 5.7% (2000 est.) 1% (2005 est.)
Geographic coordinates 14 00 N, 14 00 W 8 00 N, 1 10 E
Geography - note The Gambia is almost an enclave of Senegal the country's length allows it to stretch through six distinct geographic regions; climate varies from tropical to savanna
Highways total:
14,576 km

paved:
4,271 km

unpaved:
10,305 km (1996)
-
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
1.4%

highest 10%:
42.8% (1991)
lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
Illicit drugs transshipment point for Southwest and Southeast Asian heroin moving to Europe and North America; illicit cultivator of cannabis transit hub for Nigerian heroin and cocaine traffickers; money laundering not a significant problem
Imports $1.3 billion (f.o.b., 2000) NA bbl/day
Imports - commodities foods and beverages, consumer goods, capital goods, petroleum products machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum products
Imports - partners France 30%, Nigeria 7%, Italy 6%, Thailand 5%, Germany 4%, US 4% (1999) France 17.8%, China 13.3%, Cote d'Ivoire 6.5%, Italy 4.5%, Spain 4.3% (2005)
Independence 4 April 1960 (from France); complete independence was achieved upon dissolution of federation with Mali on 20 August 1960 27 April 1960 (from French-administered UN trusteeship)
Industrial production growth rate 7% (1998 est.) NA%
Industries agricultural and fish processing, phosphate mining, fertilizer production, petroleum refining, construction materials phosphate mining, agricultural processing, cement, handicrafts, textiles, beverages
Infant mortality rate 56.75 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) total: 60.63 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 68.17 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 52.87 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 1.5% (2000 est.) 6% (2005 est.)
International organization participation ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, FZ, G-15, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITU, MINURSO, MIPONUH, MONUC, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNTAET, UPU, WADB, WAEMU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO ABEDA, ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, ECOWAS, Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, MONUC, NAM, OIC, OIF, ONUB, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNOCI, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 1 (2000) -
Irrigated land 710 sq km (1993 est.) 70 sq km (2003)
Judicial branch Constitutional Court; Council of State; Court of Final Appeals or Cour de Cassation; Court of Appeals; note-the judicial system was reformed in 1992 Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; Supreme Court or Cour Supreme
Labor force NA 1.302 million (1998)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 60% agriculture: 65%


industry: 5%


services: 30% (1998 est.)
Land boundaries total:
2,640 km

border countries:
The Gambia 740 km, Guinea 330 km, Guinea-Bissau 338 km, Mali 419 km, Mauritania 813 km
total: 1,647 km


border countries: Benin 644 km, Burkina Faso 126 km, Ghana 877 km
Land use arable land:
12%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
16%

forests and woodland:
54%

other:
18% (1993 est.)
arable land: 44.2%


permanent crops: 2.11%


other: 53.69% (2005)
Languages French (official), Wolof, Pulaar, Jola, Mandinka French (official and the language of commerce), Ewe and Mina (the two major African languages in the south), Kabye (sometimes spelled Kabiye) and Dagomba (the two major African languages in the north)
Legal system based on French civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts in Constitutional Court; the Council of State audits the government's accounting office; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction French-based court system; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Legislative branch unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (120 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to serve five-year terms)

note:
the former National Assembly, dissolved in the spring of 2001, had 140 seats

elections:
last held 29 April 2001 (next to be held NA 2006)

election results:
percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - SOPI Coalition 89, AFP 11, PS 10, other 10
unicameral National Assembly (81 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)


elections: last held 27 October 2002 (next to be held in 2007)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - RPT 72, RSDD 3, UDPS 2, Juvento 2, MOCEP 1, independents 1


note: two opposition parties boycotted the election, the Union of the Forces for Change and the Action Committee for Renewal
Life expectancy at birth total population:
62.56 years

male:
60.94 years

female:
64.22 years (2001 est.)
total population: 57.42 years


male: 55.41 years


female: 59.49 years (2006 est.)
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
33.1%

male:
43%

female:
23.2% (1995 est.)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 60.9%


male: 75.4%


female: 46.9% (2003 est.)
Location Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Guinea-Bissau and Mauritania Western Africa, bordering the Bight of Benin, between Benin and Ghana
Map references Africa Africa
Maritime claims contiguous zone:
24 NM

continental shelf:
200 NM or to the edge of the continental margin

exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
territorial sea: 30 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Merchant marine - total: 2 ships (1000 GRT or over) 3,918 GRT/3,852 DWT


by type: cargo 1, refrigerated cargo 1 (2006)
Military branches Army, Navy, Air Force, National Gendarmerie, National Police (Surete Nationale) Togolese Armed Forces (FAT): Army, Navy, Air Force, Gendarmerie (2005)
Military expenditures - dollar figure $68 million (FY97) $29.98 million (2005 est.)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 1.4% (FY97) 1.6% (2005 est.)
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49:
2,311,063 (2001 est.)
-
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49:
1,207,360 (2001 est.)
-
Military manpower - military age 18 years of age -
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males:
114,189 (2001 est.)
-
National holiday Independence Day, 4 April (1960) Independence Day, 27 April (1960)
Nationality noun:
Senegalese (singular and plural)

adjective:
Senegalese
noun: Togolese (singular and plural)


adjective: Togolese
Natural hazards lowlands seasonally flooded; periodic droughts hot, dry harmattan wind can reduce visibility in north during winter; periodic droughts
Natural resources fish, phosphates, iron ore phosphates, limestone, marble, arable land
Net migration rate 0.21 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Political parties and leaders African Party for Democracy and Socialism or And Jef (also known as PADS/AJ) [Landing SAVANE, secretary general]; African Party of Independence [Majhemout DIOP]; Alliance of Forces of Progress or AFP [Moustapha NIASSE]; Democratic and Patriotic Convention or CDP (also known as Garab-Gi) [Dr. Iba Der THIAM]; Democratic League-Labor Party Movement or LD-MPT [Dr. Abdoulaye BATHILY]; Front for Socialism and Democracy or FSD [Cheikh Abdoulaye DIEYE]; Gainde Centrist Bloc or BGC [Jean-Paul DIAS]; Independence and Labor Party or PIT [Amath DANSOKHO]; National Democratic Rally or RND [Madier DIOUF]; Senegalese Democratic Party or PDS [Abdoulaye WADE]; Senegalese Democratic Party-Renewal or PDS-R [Serigne Lamine DIOP, secretary general]; Senegalese Democratic Union-Renewal or UDS-R [Mamadou Puritain FALL]; Socialist Party or PS [President Abdou DIOUF]; SOPI Coalition (a 40-party coalition led by the PDS) [Abdoulaye WADE]; Union for Democratic Renewal or URD [Djibo Leyti KA]; other small parties Juvento [Monsilia DJATO]; Movement of the Believers of Peace and Equality or MOCEP; Rally for the Support for Development and Democracy or RSDD [Harry OLYMPIO]; Rally of the Togolese People or RPT [Faure GNASSINGBE]; Union for Democracy and Social Progress or UDPS [Gagou KOKOU]
Political pressure groups and leaders labor; Muslim brotherhoods; students; teachers NA
Population 10,284,929 (July 2001 est.) 5,548,702


note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2006 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% 32% (1989 est.)
Population growth rate 2.93% (2001 est.) 2.72% (2006 est.)
Ports and harbors Dakar, Kaolack, Matam, Podor, Richard Toll, Saint-Louis, Ziguinchor -
Radio broadcast stations AM 10, FM 14, shortwave 0 (1998) AM 2, FM 9, shortwave 4 (1998)
Radios 1.24 million (1997) -
Railways total:
906 km

narrow gauge:
906 km 1.000-meter gauge (70 km double track)
total: 568 km


narrow gauge: 568 km 1.000-m gauge (2005)
Religions Muslim 92%, indigenous beliefs 6%, Christian 2% (mostly Roman Catholic) indigenous beliefs 51%, Christian 29%, Muslim 20%
Sex ratio at birth:
1.03 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.01 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.92 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.98 male(s)/female

total population:
0.96 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female


total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2006 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal NA years of age; universal adult
Telephone system general assessment:
good system

domestic:
above-average urban system; microwave radio relay, coaxial cable and fiber-optic cable in trunk system

international:
4 submarine cables; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
general assessment: fair system based on a network of microwave radio relay routes supplemented by open-wire lines and a mobile cellular system


domestic: microwave radio relay and open-wire lines for conventional system


international: country code - 228; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 Symphonie
Telephones - main lines in use 116,000 (1997) 58,600 (2005)
Telephones - mobile cellular 1,149 (1996) 443,600 (2005)
Television broadcast stations 1 (1997) 3 (plus two repeaters) (1997)
Terrain generally low, rolling, plains rising to foothills in southeast gently rolling savanna in north; central hills; southern plateau; low coastal plain with extensive lagoons and marshes
Total fertility rate 5.12 children born/woman (2001 est.) 4.96 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Unemployment rate NA%; urban youth 40% NA%
Waterways 897 km

note:
785 km on the Senegal river, and 112 km on the Saloum river
50 km (seasonally on Mono River depending on rainfall) (2005)
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