Main page Compare countries Index countries Index fields

Query:
Jah-Jah.pl / Index countries / Oman (2003) - Romania (2001) / Compare countries
##ciekawa_strona##

Compare Oman (2003) - Romania (2001)

Compare Oman (2003) z Romania (2001)

 Oman (2003)Romania (2001)
 OmanRomania
Administrative divisions 6 regions (mintaqat, singular - mintaqah) and 2 governorates* (muhafazat, singular - muhafazah) Ad Dakhiliyah, Al Batinah, Al Wusta, Ash Sharqiyah, Az Zahirah, Masqat, Musandam*, Zufar*; note - the US Embassy in Oman reports that Masqat is a governorate, but this has not been confirmed by the US Board on Geographic Names (BGN) 40 counties (judete, singular - judet) and 1 municipality* (municipiu); Alba, Arad, Arges, Bacau, Bihor, Bistrita-Nasaud, Botosani, Braila, Brasov, Bucuresti*, Buzau, Calarasi, Caras-Severin, Cluj, Constanta, Covasna, Dimbovita, Dolj, Galati, Gorj, Giurgiu, Harghita, Hunedoara, Ialomita, Iasi, Maramures, Mehedinti, Mures, Neamt, Olt, Prahova, Salaj, Satu Mare, Sibiu, Suceava, Teleorman, Timis, Tulcea, Vaslui, Vilcea, Vrancea
Age structure 0-14 years: 42.2% (male 603,664; female 580,469)


15-64 years: 55.4% (male 934,621; female 620,158)


65 years and over: 2.4% (male 36,504; female 31,709) (2003 est.)
0-14 years:
17.95% (male 2,054,323; female 1,959,196)

15-64 years:
68.51% (male 7,605,751; female 7,715,434)

65 years and over:
13.54% (male 1,255,880; female 1,773,438) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products dates, limes, bananas, alfalfa, vegetables; camels, cattle; fish wheat, corn, sugar beets, sunflower seed, potatoes, grapes; eggs, sheep
Airports 139 (2002) 62 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 6


over 3,047 m: 4


2,438 to 3,047 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2002)
total:
25

over 3,047 m:
3

2,438 to 3,047 m:
10

1,524 to 2,437 m:
12 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 133


over 3,047 m: 2


2,438 to 3,047 m: 7


1,524 to 2,437 m: 55


914 to 1,523 m: 37


under 914 m: 32 (2002)
total:
37

1,524 to 2,437 m:
2

914 to 1,523 m:
12

under 914 m:
23 (2000 est.)
Area total: 212,460 sq km


land: 212,460 sq km


water: 0 sq km
total:
237,500 sq km

land:
230,340 sq km

water:
7,160 sq km
Area - comparative slightly smaller than Kansas slightly smaller than Oregon
Background In 1970, QABOOS bin Said Al Said ousted his father and has ruled as sultan ever since. His extensive modernization program has opened the country to the outside world and has preserved a long-standing political and military relationship with the UK. Oman's moderate, independent foreign policy has sought to maintain good relations with all Middle Eastern countries. Soviet occupation following World War II led to the formation of a communist "peoples republic" in 1947 and the abdication of the king. The decades-long rule of President Nicolae CEAUSESCU became increasingly draconian through the 1980s. He was overthrown and executed in late 1989. Former communists dominated the government until 1996 when they were swept from power. Much economic restructuring remains to be carried out before Romania can achieve its hope of joining the EU.
Birth rate 37.47 births/1,000 population (2003 est.) 10.8 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues: $9.2 billion


expenditures: $6.9 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.)
revenues:
$11.7 billion

expenditures:
$12.4 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1999 est.)
Capital Muscat Bucharest
Climate dry desert; hot, humid along coast; hot, dry interior; strong southwest summer monsoon (May to September) in far south temperate; cold, cloudy winters with frequent snow and fog; sunny summers with frequent showers and thunderstorms
Coastline 2,092 km 225 km
Constitution none; note - on 6 November 1996, Sultan QABOOS issued a royal decree promulgating a new basic law which, among other things, clarifies the royal succession, provides for a prime minister, bars ministers from holding interests in companies doing business with the government, establishes a bicameral legislature, and guarantees basic civil liberties for Omani citizens 8 December 1991
Country name conventional long form: Sultanate of Oman


conventional short form: Oman


local long form: Saltanat Uman


local short form: Uman


former: Muscat and Oman
conventional long form:
none

conventional short form:
Romania

local long form:
none

local short form:
Romania
Currency Omani rial (OMR) leu (ROL)
Death rate 3.97 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.) 12.28 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $5.7 billion (2002 est.) $9.3 billion (2000 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission: Ambassador Richard Lewis BALTIMORE III


embassy: Jameat A'Duwal Al Arabiya Street, Al Khuwair area, Muscat


mailing address: P. O. Box 202, P.C. 115, Madinat Al-Sultan Qaboos, Muscat


telephone: [968] 698989, extension 203


FAX: [968] 699771
chief of mission:
Ambassador James C. ROSAPEPE

embassy:
Strada Tudor Arghezi 7-9, Bucharest

mailing address:
American Embassy Bucharest, Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-5260 (pouch)

telephone:
[40] (1) 210 40 42

FAX:
[40] (1) 210 03 95

branch office(s):
Cluj-Napoca
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador Muhammad bin Ali bin Thani AL-KHUSSAIBY


chancery: 2535 Belmont Road, NW, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 387-1980 through 1981, 1988


FAX: [1] (202) 745-4933
chief of mission:
Ambassador (vacant)

chancery:
1607 23rd Street NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:
[1] (202) 332-4846, 4848, 4851

FAX:
[1] (202) 232-4748

consulate(s) general:
Chicago, Los Angeles, and New York
Disputes - international boundary agreement signed and ratified with UAE in 2003 for entire border, including Oman's Musandam Peninsula and Al Madhah enclaves none
Economic aid - recipient $76.4 million (1995) -
Economy - overview Oman's economic performance improved significantly in 2000 due largely to the upturn in oil prices. The government is moving ahead with privatization of its utilities, the development of a body of commercial law to facilitate foreign investment, and increased budgetary outlays. Oman continues to liberalize its markets and joined the World Trade Organization (WTrO) in November 2000. GDP growth improved in 2001 despite the global slowdown and then fell back to 2.2% in 2002. In order to reduce unemployment, the government is trying to replace expatriate workers with local workers. Another government objective is the development of the nation's gas resources. Romania, one of the poorest countries in Central and Eastern Europe, began the transition from communism in 1989 with a largely obsolete industrial base and a pattern of output unsuited to the country's needs. Over the past decade economic restructuring has lagged behind most other countries in the region. Consequently, living standards have continued to fall - real wages are down over 40%. Corruption too has worsened. The EU ranks Romania last among enlargement candidates, and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) rates Romania's transition progress the region's worst. The country emerged in 2000 from a punishing three-year recession thanks to strong demand in EU export markets. A new government elected in November 2000 promises to promote economic reform. Bucharest hopes to receive financial and technical assistance from international financial institutions and Western governments; negotiations over a new IMF standby agreement are to begin early in 2001. If reform stalls, Romania's ability to borrow from both public and private sources could quickly dry up, leading to another financial crisis.
Electricity - consumption 8.625 billion kWh (2001) 44.768 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2001) 1.935 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2001) 1.1 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production 9.274 billion kWh (2001) 49.036 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel: 100%


hydro: 0%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2001)
fossil fuel:
53.99%

hydro:
36.18%

nuclear:
9.81%

other:
0.02% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Arabian Sea 0 m


highest point: Jabal Shams 2,980 m
lowest point:
Black Sea 0 m

highest point:
Moldoveanu 2,544 m
Environment - current issues rising soil salinity; beach pollution from oil spills; very limited natural fresh water resources soil erosion and degradation; water pollution; air pollution in south from industrial effluents; contamination of Danube delta wetlands
Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Whaling


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
party to:
Air Pollution, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
Ethnic groups Arab, Baluchi, South Asian (Indian, Pakistani, Sri Lankan, Bangladeshi), African Romanian 89.5%, Hungarian 7.1%, Roma 1.8%, German 0.5%, Ukrainian 0.3%, other 0.8% (1992)
Exchange rates Omani rials per US dollar - 0.38 (2002), 0.38 (2001), 0.38 (2000), 0.38 (1999), 0.38 (1998) lei per US dollar - 26,243.0 (January 2001), 21,708.7 (2000), 15,332.8 (1999), 8,875.6 (1998), 7,167.9 (1997), 3,084.2 (1996); note - lei is the plural form of leu
Executive branch chief of state: Sultan and Prime Minister QABOOS bin Said Al Said (since 23 July 1970); note - the monarch is both the chief of state and head of government


head of government: Sultan and Prime Minister QABOOS bin Said Al Said (since 23 July 1970); note - the monarch is both the chief of state and head of government


cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the monarch


elections: none; the monarch is hereditary
chief of state:
President Ion ILIESCU (since 20 December 2000)

head of government:
Prime Minister Adrian NASTASE (since 29 December 2000)

cabinet:
Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister

elections:
president elected by popular vote for a four-year term; election last held 26 November 2000, with runoff between the top two candidates held 10 December 2000 (next to be held NA November/December 2004); prime minister appointed by the president

election results:
percent of vote - Ion ILIESCU 66.84%, Corneliu Vadim TUDOR 33.16%
Exports NA (2001) $11.2 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Exports - commodities petroleum, reexports, fish, metals, textiles textiles and footwear 26%, metals and metal products 15%, machinery and equipment 11%, minerals and fuels 6% (1999)
Exports - partners Japan 20.5%, South Korea 18.5%, China 14.1%, Thailand 11.7%, UAE 9.2%, Singapore 4.3%, US 4.1% (2002) Italy 23%, Germany 18%, France 6%, Turkey 5%, US (1999)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description three horizontal bands of white, red, and green of equal width with a broad, vertical, red band on the hoist side; the national emblem (a khanjar dagger in its sheath superimposed on two crossed swords in scabbards) in white is centered near the top of the vertical band three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red; the national coat of arms that used to be centered in the yellow band has been removed; now similar to the flag of Chad, also resembles the flags of Andorra and Moldova
GDP purchasing power parity - $22.4 billion (2002 est.) purchasing power parity - $132.5 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 3%


industry: 55%


services: 42% (2001 est.)
agriculture:
13.9%

industry:
32.6%

services:
53.5% (2000)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $8,300 (2002 est.) purchasing power parity - $5,900 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 2.2% (2002 est.) 2.2% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 21 00 N, 57 00 E 46 00 N, 25 00 E
Geography - note strategic location on Musandam Peninsula adjacent to Strait of Hormuz, a vital transit point for world crude oil controls most easily traversable land route between the Balkans, Moldova, and Ukraine
Heliports 1 (2002) 1 (2000 est.)
Highways total: 34,965 km


paved: 9,673 km (including 550 km of expressways)


unpaved: 25,292 km (2001)
total:
153,359 km

paved:
103,671 km (including 133 km of expressways)

unpaved:
49,688 km (1998 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
lowest 10%:
3.8%

highest 10%:
20.2% (1992)
Illicit drugs - important transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin transiting the Balkan route and small amounts of Latin American cocaine bound for Western Europe
Imports NA (2001) $11.9 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Imports - commodities machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, food, livestock, lubricants machinery and equipment 23%, fuels and minerals 12%, chemicals 9%, textile and products 19% (1999)
Imports - partners UAE 27.5%, Japan 16.7%, UK 7.4%, US 6.9%, Germany 5% (2002) Italy 20%, Germany 19%, France 7%, Russia 6% (1999)
Independence 1650 (expulsion of the Portuguese) 1881 (from Turkey; republic proclaimed 30 December 1947)
Industrial production growth rate 4% (2000 est.) 8% (2000)
Industries crude oil production and refining, natural gas production, construction, cement, copper textiles and footwear, light machinery and auto assembly, mining, timber, construction materials, metallurgy, chemicals, food processing, petroleum refining
Infant mortality rate total: 21.01 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 24.03 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 17.85 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
19.36 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) -0.5% (2002 est.) 45.7% (2000 est.)
International organization participation ABEDA, AFESD, AL, AMF, ESCWA, FAO, G-77, GCC, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO ACCT, Australia Group, BIS, BSEC, CCC, CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, EU (applicant), FAO, G- 9, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAIA (observer), MONUC, NAM (guest), NSG, OAS (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNMEE, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UPU, WCL, WEU (associate partner), WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO, ZC
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 1 (2000) 38 (2000)
Irrigated land 620 sq km (1998 est.) 31,020 sq km (1993 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court


note: the nascent civil court system, administered by region, has non-Islamic judges as well as traditional Islamic judges
Supreme Court of Justice (judges are appointed by the president on the recommendation of the Superior Council of Magistrates)
Labor force 920,000 (2002 est.) 9.9 million (1999 est.)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA% agriculture 40%, industry 25%, services 35% (1998)
Land boundaries total: 1,374 km


border countries: Saudi Arabia 676 km, UAE 410 km, Yemen 288 km
total:
2,508 km

border countries:
Bulgaria 608 km, Hungary 443 km, Moldova 450 km, Yugoslavia 476 km, Ukraine (north) 362 km, Ukraine (east) 169 km
Land use arable land: 0.08%


permanent crops: 0.22%


other: 99.7% (1998 est.)
arable land:
41%

permanent crops:
3%

permanent pastures:
21%

forests and woodland:
29%

other:
6% (1993 est.)
Languages Arabic (official), English, Baluchi, Urdu, Indian dialects Romanian, Hungarian, German
Legal system based on English common law and Islamic law; ultimate appeal to the monarch; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction former mixture of civil law system and communist legal theory; is now based on the constitution of France's Fifth Republic
Legislative branch bicameral Majlis Oman consists of an upper chamber or Majlis al-Dawla (48 seats; members appointed by the monarch; has advisory powers only) and a lower chamber or Majlis al-Shura (83 seats; members elected by limited suffrage for three-year term, however, the monarch makes final selections and can negate election results; body has some limited power to propose legislation, but otherwise has only advisory powers)


elections: last held 4 October 2003 (next to be held NA 2006)


election results: NA
bicameral Parliament or Parlament consists of the Senate or Senat (140 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote on a proportional representation basis to serve four-year terms) and the Chamber of Deputies or Adunarea Deputatilor (345 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote on a proportional representation basis to serve four-year terms)

elections:
Senate - last held 26 November 2000 (next to be held in the fall of 2004); Chamber of Deputies - last held 26 November 2000 (next to be held in the fall of 2004)

election results:
Senate - percent of vote by party - PDSR 37.1%, PRM 21.0%, PD 7.6%, PNL 7.5%, UDMR 6.9%; seats by party - PDSR 65, PRM 37, PD 13, PNL 13, UDMR 12; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - PDSR 36.6%, PRM 19.5%, PD 7.0%, PNL, 6.9%, UDMR 6.8%; seats by party - PDSR 155, PRM 84, PD 31, PNL 30, UDMR 27, ethnic minorities 18
Life expectancy at birth total population: 72.58 years


male: 70.4 years


female: 74.86 years (2003 est.)
total population:
70.16 years

male:
66.36 years

female:
74.19 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition: NA


total population: 75.8%


male: 83.1%


female: 67.2% (2003 est.)
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
97%

male:
98%

female:
95% (1992 est.)
Location Middle East, bordering the Arabian Sea, Gulf of Oman, and Persian Gulf, between Yemen and UAE Southeastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Bulgaria and Ukraine
Map references Middle East Europe
Maritime claims contiguous zone: 24 NM


exclusive economic zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM
contiguous zone:
24 NM

continental shelf:
200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation

exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
Merchant marine total: 3 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 17,291 GRT/9,457 DWT


ships by type: container 1, passenger 2


note: includes a foreign-owned ship registered here as a flag of convenience: Singapore 1 (2002 est.)
total:
95 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 695,227 GRT/931,598 DWT

ships by type:
bulk 10, cargo 71, container 1, passenger 1, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 4, railcar carrier 2, roll on/roll off 4, specialized tanker 1 (2000 est.)
Military branches Royal Omani Armed Forces (Army, Navy, Air Force), Royal Omani Police Army, Navy, Air and Air Defense Forces, Paramilitary Forces, Civil Defense
Military expenditures - dollar figure $2.424 billion (FY01) $720 million (FY00)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 12.2% (FY01) 2.2% (FY00)
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49: 788,429 (2003 est.) males age 15-49:
5,899,536 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49: 438,326 (2003 est.) males age 15-49:
4,962,807 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - military age 14 years of age (2003 est.) 20 years of age
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males: 29,485 (2003 est.) males:
179,951 (2001 est.)
National holiday Birthday of Sultan QABOOS, 18 November (1940) Unification Day (of Romania and Transylvania), 1 December (1918)
Nationality noun: Omani(s)


adjective: Omani
noun:
Romanian(s)

adjective:
Romanian
Natural hazards summer winds often raise large sandstorms and dust storms in interior; periodic droughts earthquakes most severe in south and southwest; geologic structure and climate promote landslides
Natural resources petroleum, copper, asbestos, some marble, limestone, chromium, gypsum, natural gas petroleum (reserves declining), timber, natural gas, coal, iron ore, salt, arable land, hydropower
Net migration rate 0.29 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.) -0.6 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Pipelines gas 3,599 km; oil 3,187 km (2003) crude oil 2,800 km; petroleum products 1,429 km; natural gas 6,400 km (1992)
Political parties and leaders none Democratic Party or PD [Petre ROMAN]; Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania or UDMR [Bela MARKO]; National Liberal Party or PNL [Mircea IONESCU-QUINTUS]; Party of Social Democracy in Romania or PDSR [Adrian NASTASE]; Romania Mare Party (Greater Romanian Party) or PRM [Corneliu Vadim TUDOR]; The Democratic Convention or CDR [Ion DIACONESCU]
Political pressure groups and leaders none various human rights and professional associations
Population 2,807,125


note: includes 577,293 non-nationals (July 2003 est.)
22,364,022 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% 44.5% (2000)
Population growth rate 3.38% (2003 est.) -0.21% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors Matrah, Mina' al Fahl, Mina' Raysut Braila, Constanta, Galati, Mangalia, Sulina, Tulcea
Radio broadcast stations AM 3, FM 9, shortwave 2 (1999) AM 40, FM 202, shortwave 3 (1998)
Radios - 7.2 million (1997)
Railways 0 km total:
11,385 km (3,888 km electrified)

standard gauge:
10,898 km

narrow gauge:
487 km (1996)
Religions Ibadhi Muslim 75%, Sunni Muslim, Shi'a Muslim, Hindu Romanian Orthodox 70%, Roman Catholic 3%, Uniate Catholic 3%, Protestant 6%, unaffiliated 18%
Sex ratio at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.51 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 1.15 male(s)/female


total population: 1.28 male(s)/female (2003 est.)
at birth:
1.06 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.05 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.99 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.71 male(s)/female

total population:
0.95 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage in Oman's most recent elections in 2000, limited to approximately 175,000 Omanis chosen by the government to vote in elections for the Majlis al-Shura 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: modern system consisting of open-wire, microwave, and radiotelephone communication stations; limited coaxial cable


domestic: open-wire, microwave, radiotelephone communications, and a domestic satellite system with 8 earth stations


international: satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) and 1 Arabsat
general assessment:
poor domestic service, but improving

domestic:
90% of telephone network is automatic; trunk network is mostly microwave radio relay, with some fiber-optic cable; about one-third of exchange capacity is digital; roughly 3,300 villages have no service

international:
satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat; new digital, international, direct-dial exchanges operate in Bucharest; note - Romania is an active participant in several international telecommunication network projects (1999)
Telephones - main lines in use 201,000 (1997) 3.777 million (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular 59,822 (1997) 645,500 (1999)
Television broadcast stations 13 (plus 25 low-power repeaters) (1999) 48 (plus 392 repeaters) (1995)
Terrain central desert plain, rugged mountains in north and south central Transylvanian Basin is separated from the Plain of Moldavia on the east by the Carpathian Mountains and separated from the Walachian Plain on the south by the Transylvanian Alps
Total fertility rate 5.94 children born/woman (2003 est.) 1.35 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate NA% 11.5% (1999)
Waterways none 1,724 km (1984)
Sitemap: Compare countries listing (map site) | Country listing (map site)
Links: Add to favorites | Information about this website | Stats | Polityka prywatnosci
This page was generated in ##czas## s. Size this page: ##rozmiar_strony## kB.