Main page Compare countries Index countries Index fields

Query:
Jah-Jah.pl / Index countries / Macau (2002) - Uzbekistan (2002) / Compare countries
##ciekawa_strona##

Compare Macau (2002) - Uzbekistan (2002)

Compare Macau (2002) z Uzbekistan (2002)

 Macau (2002)Uzbekistan (2002)
 MacauUzbekistan
Administrative divisions none (special administrative region of China) 12 provinces (viloyatlar, singular - viloyat), 1 autonomous republic* (respublika), and 1 city** (shahar); Andijon Viloyati, Buxoro Viloyati, Farg'ona Viloyati, Jizzax Viloyati, Namangan Viloyati, Navoiy Viloyati, Qashqadaryo Viloyati (Qarshi), Qaraqalpog'iston Respublikasi* (Nukus), Samarqand Viloyati, Sirdaryo Viloyati (Guliston), Surxondaryo Viloyati (Termiz), Toshkent Shahri**, Toshkent Viloyati, Xorazm Viloyati (Urganch)


note: administrative divisions have the same names as their administrative centers (exceptions have the administrative center name following in parentheses)
Age structure 0-14 years: 21.8% (male 52,262; female 48,439)


15-64 years: 70.9% (male 154,942; female 172,647)


65 years and over: 7.3% (male 13,616; female 19,927) (2002 est.)
0-14 years: 35.5% (male 4,617,110; female 4,457,065)


15-64 years: 59.8% (male 7,567,510; female 7,726,753)


65 years and over: 4.7% (male 482,137; female 712,866) (2002 est.)
Agriculture - products rice, vegetables cotton, vegetables, fruits, grain; livestock
Airports 1 (2001) 267 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways total: 1


over 3,047 m: 1 (2002)
total: 10


over 3,047 m: 3


2,438 to 3,047 m: 5


under 914 m: 2 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways - total: 257


over 3,047 m: 3


2,438 to 3,047 m: 8


1,524 to 2,437 m: 11


914 to 1,523 m: 13


under 914 m: 222 (2002)
Area total: 25.4 sq km


land: 25.4 sq km


water: 0 sq km
total: 447,400 sq km


land: 425,400 sq km


water: 22,000 sq km
Area - comparative about 0.1 times the size of Washington, DC slightly larger than California
Background Colonized by the Portuguese in the 16th century, Macau was the first European settlement in the Far East. Pursuant to an agreement signed by China and Portugal on 13 April 1987, Macau became the Macau Special Administrative Region (SAR) of China on 20 December 1999. China has promised that, under its "one country, two systems" formula, China's socialist economic system will not be practiced in Macau and that Macau will enjoy a high degree of autonomy in all matters except foreign and defense affairs. Russia conquered Uzbekistan in the late 19th century. Stiff resistance to the Red Army after World War I was eventually suppressed and a socialist republic set up in 1924. During the Soviet era, intensive production of "white gold" (cotton) and grain led to overuse of agrochemicals and the depletion of water supplies, which have left the land poisoned and the Aral Sea and certain rivers half dry. Independent since 1991, the country seeks to gradually lessen its dependence on agriculture while developing its mineral and petroleum reserves. Current concerns include insurgency by Islamic militants based in Tajikistan and Afghanistan, a nonconvertible currency, and the curtailment of human rights and democratization.
Birth rate 12.19 births/1,000 population (2002 est.) 26.09 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Budget revenues: $1.15 billion


expenditures: $1.03 billion, including capital expenditures of $166 million (2000 est.)
revenues: $4 billion


expenditures: $4.1 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1999 est.)
Capital - Tashkent (Toshkent)
Climate subtropical; marine with cool winters, warm summers mostly midlatitude desert, long, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid grassland in east
Coastline 41 km 0 km (doubly landlocked); note - Uzbekistan includes the southern portion of the Aral Sea with a 420 km shoreline
Constitution Basic Law, approved in March 1993 by China's National People's Congress, is Macau's "mini-constitution" new constitution adopted 8 December 1992
Country name conventional long form: Macau Special Administrative Region


conventional short form: Macau


local long form: Aomen Tebie Xingzhengqu (Chinese); Regiao Administrativa Especial de Macau (Portuguese)


local short form: Aomen (Chinese); Macau (Portuguese)
conventional long form: Republic of Uzbekistan


conventional short form: Uzbekistan


local long form: Ozbekiston Respublikasi


local short form: Ozbekiston


former: Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic
Currency pataca (MOP) Uzbekistani sum (UZS)
Death rate 3.78 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.) 7.98 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Debt - external $1.5 billion (1998) $5.1 billion (2001 est.)
Dependency status special administrative region of China -
Diplomatic representation from the US the US has no offices in Macau, and US interests are monitored by the US Consulate General in Hong Kong chief of mission: Ambassador John Edward HERBST


embassy: 82 Chilanzarskaya, Tashkent 700115


mailing address: use embassy street address; US Embassy Tashkent, Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-7110


telephone: [998] (71) 120-5450


FAX: [998] (71) 120-6335
Diplomatic representation in the US none (special administrative region of China) chief of mission: Ambassador Shavkat HAMRAKULOV


chancery: 1746 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036


telephone: [1] (202) 887-5300


FAX: [1] (202) 293-6804


consulate(s) general: New York
Disputes - international none dispute over access to Sokh and other Uzbek enclaves in Kyrgyzstan mars progress on international boundary delimitation; Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Uzbekistan wrestle with sharing limited water resources; Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan contend with the regional environmental degradation caused by the shrinking Aral Sea; the border with Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan is mined in certain sections, continuing to cause civilian casualties
Economic aid - recipient $NA approximately $150 million from the US (2001)
Economy - overview Macau's economy two years after reversion to China remains one of the most open in the world, according to the World Trade Organization. The government collects no duty on imports and sets no restrictions on exports beyond those required by international agreements. The territory's net exports of goods and services account for 35% of GDP, with tourism and apparel exports as the mainstays. The territory therefore has been hit hard by the 2001 downturn in its key US and EU export markets. Tourism remained strong, however, driven by a surge in visitors from mainland China. In response to the expected contraction of the economy in 2002, the government has announced a stimulative income tax cut and public works program that will push the budget into deficit. China already has extended support by easing restrictions on travel to Macau and is proposing a China-Hong Kong-Macau free trade area. China's economic weight is increasingly felt, with the mainland now holding more than 50% of assets in the financial, real estate, and construction sectors. Mainlanders, however, have been excluded from bidding on the gambling industry licenses that Macau is offering to break up the territory's four-decade-old gambling monopoly. Gambling taxes account for up to 60% of revenue, and the government with Beijing's backing intends to revitalize the industry. Uzbekistan is a dry, landlocked country of which 11% consists of intensely cultivated, irrigated river valleys. More than 60% of its population lives in densely populated rural communities. Uzbekistan is now the world's second largest cotton exporter, a large producer of gold and oil, and a regionally significant producer of chemicals and machinery. Following independence in December 1991, the government sought to prop up its Soviet-style command economy with subsidies and tight controls on production and prices. The state continues to be a dominating influence in the economy and has so far failed to bring about much-needed structural changes. The IMF suspended Uzbekistan's $185 million standby arrangement in late 1996 because of governmental steps that made impossible fulfillment of Fund conditions. Uzbekistan has responded to the negative external conditions generated by the Asian and Russian financial crises by emphasizing import substitute industrialization and by tightening export and currency controls within its already largely closed economy. Economic policies that have repelled foreign investment are a major factor in the economy's stagnation. A growing debt burden, persistent inflation, and a poor business climate led to disappointing growth in 2001. However, in December 2001 the government voiced a renewed interest in economic reform, seeking advice from the IMF and other financial institutions.
Electricity - consumption 1.476 billion kWh (2000) 41.89 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - exports 1 million kWh (2000) 4.1 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - imports 175 million kWh (2000) 5 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - production 1.4 billion kWh (2000) 44.075 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel: 100%


hydro: 0%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2000)
fossil fuel: 87%


hydro: 13%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2000)
Elevation extremes lowest point: South China Sea 0 m


highest point: Coloane Alto 172.4 m
lowest point: Sariqarnish Kuli -12 m


highest point: Adelunga Toghi 4,301 m
Environment - current issues NA shrinkage of the Aral Sea is resulting in growing concentrations of chemical pesticides and natural salts; these substances are then blown from the increasingly exposed lake bed and contribute to desertification; water pollution from industrial wastes and the heavy use of fertilizers and pesticides is the cause of many human health disorders; increasing soil salination; soil contamination from buried nuclear processing and agricultural chemicals, including DDT
Environment - international agreements - party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups Chinese 95%, Macanese (mixed Portuguese and Asian ancestry), Portuguese, other Uzbek 80%, Russian 5.5%, Tajik 5%, Kazakh 3%, Karakalpak 2.5%, Tatar 1.5%, other 2.5% (1996 est.)
Exchange rates patacas per US dollar - 8.033 (January 2002), 8.034 (2001), 8.026 (2000), 7.992 (1999), 7.979 (1998), 7.975 (1997); note - linked to the Hong Kong dollar at the rate of 1.03 patacas per Hong Kong dollar Uzbekistani sums per US dollar - 687.0 (January 2002), 325.0 (January 2001), 141.4 (January 2000), 111.9 (February 1999), 110.95 (December 1998), 75.8 (September 1997)
Executive branch chief of state: President of China JIANG Zemin (since 27 March 1993)


head of government: Chief Executive Edmund HO Hau-wah (since 20 December 1999)


cabinet: Executive Council consists of all five government secretaries, three legislators, and two businessmen


elections: chief executive chosen by a 200-member selection committee for up to two five-year terms
chief of state: President Islom KARIMOV (since 24 March 1990, when he was elected president by the then Supreme Soviet)


head of government: Prime Minister Otkir SULTONOV (since 21 December 1995)


cabinet: Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the president with approval of the Supreme Assembly


elections: president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term (previously was a five-year term, extended by constitutional ammendment in 2002); election last held 9 January 2000 (next to be held NA 2007); prime minister and deputy ministers appointed by the president


election results: Islom KARIMOV reelected president; percent of vote - Islom KARIMOV 91.9%, Abdulkhafiz JALALOV 4.2%
Exports $2.5 billion f.o.b. (2000) $2.8 billion f.o.b. (2001 est.)
Exports - commodities clothing, textiles, cement, electronics, cameras cotton 41.5%, gold 9.6%, energy products 9.6%, mineral fertilizers, ferrous metals, textiles, food products, automobiles (1998 est.)
Exports - partners US 48%, EU 28%, China 10%, Hong Kong 7% (2000) Russia 16.7%, Switzerland 8.3%, UK 7.2%, Ukraine 4.7%, South Korea 3.3%, Kazakhstan 3.1% (2000)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description light green with a lotus flower above a stylized bridge and water in white, beneath an arc of five gold, five-pointed stars: one large in center of arc and four smaller three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, and green separated by red fimbriations with a white crescent moon and 12 white stars in the upper hoist-side quadrant
GDP purchasing power parity - $8 billion (2001 est.) purchasing power parity - $62 billion (2001 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 1%


industry: 25%


services: 74% (2000 est.)
agriculture: 33%


industry: 24%


services: 43% (2000 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $17,600 (2001 est.) purchasing power parity - $2,500 (2001 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 0.5% (2001 est.) 3% (2001 est.)
Geographic coordinates 22 10 N, 113 33 E 41 00 N, 64 00 E
Geography - note essentially urban; one causeway and two bridges connect the two islands of Coloane and Taipa to the peninsula on mainland along with Liechtenstein, one of the only two doubly landlocked countries in the world
Highways total: 50 km


paved: 50 km


unpaved: 0 km (2001)
total: 81,600 km


paved: 71,237 km (includes some all-weather gravel-surfaced roads)


unpaved: 10,363 km (these roads are made of unstabilized earth and are difficult to negotiate in wet weather) (1990)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
lowest 10%: 3%


highest 10%: 25% (1993) (1993)
Illicit drugs - transit country for Afghan narcotics bound for Russian and, to a lesser extent, Western European markets; limited illicit cultivation of cannabis and small amounts of opium poppy for domestic consumption; poppy cultivation almost wiped out by government crop eradication program; transit point for heroin precursor chemicals bound for Afghanistan
Imports $2.3 billion c.i.f. (2000) $2.5 billion f.o.b. (2001 est.)
Imports - commodities clothing, textiles, yarn, minerals, electrical machinery, fuel, livestock machinery and equipment 49.8%, foodstuffs 16.4%, chemicals, metals (1998 est.)
Imports - partners China 41%, Hong Kong 15%, EU 10%, Taiwan 10%, Japan 6% (2000) Russia 15.8%, South Korea 9.8%, US 8.7%, Germany 8.6%, Kazakhstan 7.3%, Ukraine 6.1% (2002)
Independence none (special administrative region of China) 1 September 1991 (from Soviet Union)
Industrial production growth rate NA% 3.5% (2000 est.)
Industries tourism, gambling, clothing, textiles, electronics, footwear, toys textiles, food processing, machine building, metallurgy, natural gas, chemicals
Infant mortality rate 4.44 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.) 71.72 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) -2% (2001 est.) 23% (2001 est.)
International organization participation CCC, ESCAP (associate), IHO, IMO (associate), Interpol (subbureau), ISO (correspondent), UNESCO (associate), WMO, WToO (associate), WTrO AsDB, CCC, CIS, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, ECO, ESCAP, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, NAM, OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO (observer)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 1 (2000) 42 (2000)
Irrigated land NA sq km 42,810 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch The Court of Final Appeal in the Macau Special Administrative Region Supreme Court (judges are nominated by the president and confirmed by the Supreme Assembly)
Labor force 218,000 (2001) 11.9 million (1998 est.)
Labor force - by occupation restaurants and hotels 26%, manufacturing 20%, other services and agriculture 54% (2000 est.) agriculture 44%, industry 20%, services 36% (1995) (1995)
Land boundaries total: 0.34 km


border countries: China 0.34 km
total: 6,221 km


border countries: Afghanistan 137 km, Kazakhstan 2,203 km, Kyrgyzstan 1,099 km, Tajikistan 1,161 km, Turkmenistan 1,621 km
Land use arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100%


note: "green areas" represent 22.4% (1998 est.)
arable land: 10.8%


permanent crops: 0.91%


other: 88.29% (1998 est.)
Languages Portuguese, Chinese (Cantonese) Uzbek 74.3%, Russian 14.2%, Tajik 4.4%, other 7.1%
Legal system based on Portuguese civil law system evolution of Soviet civil law; still lacks independent judicial system
Legislative branch unicameral Legislative Council or LEGCO (27 seats; 10 elected by popular vote, 10 by indirect vote, and 7 appointed by the chief executive; members serve four-year terms)


elections: last held 23 September 2001 (next to be held NA 2005)


election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats by political bloc - Entertainment Industry 3, pro-democracy 2, pro-Beijing Labor Union 2, pro-Beijing Neighborhood Association 2, pro-business 1
unicameral Supreme Assembly or Oliy Majlis (250 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms); note - 2002 ammendment to the constitution creates a second chamber to be established via elections in 2004


elections: last held 5 December and 19 December 1999 (next to be held NA December 2004)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NDP 48, Self-Sacrificers Party 34, Fatherland Progress Party 20, Adolat Social Democratic Party 11, MTP 10, citizens' groups 16, local government 110, vacant 1


note: not all seats in the last Supreme Assembly election were contested; all parties in the Supreme Assembly support President KARIMOV
Life expectancy at birth total population: 81.78 years


male: 78.97 years


female: 84.73 years (2002 est.)
total population: 63.9 years


male: 60.38 years


female: 67.6 years (2002 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 90%


male: 93%


female: 86% (1981 est.)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 99%


male: 99%


female: 99% (yearend 1996)
Location Eastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and China Central Asia, north of Afghanistan
Map references Southeast Asia Asia
Maritime claims not specified none (doubly landlocked)
Merchant marine none (2002 est.) -
Military - note responsibility for defense reverted to China on 20 December 1999 -
Military branches no regular indigenous military forces; responsibility for defense reverted to China on 20 December 1999; there is a local police force Army, Air and Air Defense Forces, National Guard, Security Forces (internal security and border troops)
Military expenditures - dollar figure - $200 million (FY97)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP - 2% (FY97)
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49: 128,005 (2002 est.) males age 15-49: 6,747,221 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49: 70,508 (2002 est.) males age 15-49: 5,478,766 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - military age - 18 years of age (2002 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually - males: 274,602 (2002 est.)
National holiday National Day (Anniversary of the Founding of the People's Republic of China), 1 October (1949); note - 20 December 1999 is celebrated as Macau Special Administrative Region Establishment Day Independence Day, 1 September (1991)
Nationality noun: Chinese


adjective: Chinese
noun: Uzbek(s)


adjective: Uzbek
Natural hazards typhoons NA
Natural resources NEGL natural gas, petroleum, coal, gold, uranium, silver, copper, lead and zinc, tungsten, molybdenum
Net migration rate 9.08 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.) -1.94 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Pipelines - crude oil 250 km; petroleum products 40 km; natural gas 810 km (1992)
Political parties and leaders there are no formal political parties, however, there are civic associations that, for purposes of legislative voting, join together to form political blocs Adolat (Justice) Social Democratic Party [Anwar JURABAYEV, first secretary]; Democratic National Rebirth Party (Milly Tiklanish) or MTP [Aziz KAYUMOV, chairman]; People's Democratic Party or NDP (formerly Communist Party) [Abdulkhafiz JALOLOV, first secretary]; Self-Sacrificers Party or Fidokorlar National Democratic Party [Ahtam TURSUNOV, first secretary]; note - Fatherland Progress Party merged with Self-Sacrificers Party
Political pressure groups and leaders Catholic Church [Domingos LAM, bishop]; Macau Society of Tourism and Entertainment or STDM [Stanley HO, managing director]; Union for Democracy Development [Antonio NG Kuok-cheong, leader] Birlik (Unity) Movement [Abdurakhim POLAT, chairman]; Erk (Freedom) Democratic Party [Muhammad SOLIH, chairman] was banned 9 December 1992; Human Rights Society of Uzbekistan [Abdumannob POLAT, chairman]; Independent Human Rights Society of Uzbekistan [Mikhail ARDZINOV, chairman]; Ezgulik [Vasilia Inoyatova]
Population 461,833 (July 2002 est.) 25,563,441 (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% NA%
Population growth rate 1.75% (2002 est.) 1.62% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors Macau Termiz (Amu Darya)
Radio broadcast stations AM 0, FM 2, shortwave 0 (1998) AM 20, FM 7, shortwave 10 (1998)
Radios 160,000 (1997) 10.8 million (1997)
Railways 0 km total: 3,656 km


broad gauge: 3,656 km 1.520-m gauge (618 km electrified) (2000)
Religions Buddhist 50%, Roman Catholic 15%, none and other 35% (1997 est.) Muslim 88% (mostly Sunnis), Eastern Orthodox 9%, other 3%
Sex ratio at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.08 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.9 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.68 male(s)/female


total population: 0.92 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.68 male(s)/female


total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Suffrage direct election 18 years of age, universal for permanent residents living in Macau for the past seven years; indirect election limited to organizations registered as "corporate voters" (257 are currently registered) and a 300-member Election Committee drawn from broad regional groupings, municipal organizations, and central government bodies 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: fairly modern communication facilities maintained for domestic and international services


domestic: NA


international: HF radiotelephone communication facility; access to international communications carriers provided via Hong Kong and China; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean)
general assessment: antiquated and inadequate; in serious need of modernization


domestic: the domestic telephone system is being expanded and technologically improved, particularly in Tashkent and Samarqand, under contracts with prominent companies in industrialized countries; moreover, by 1998, six cellular networks had been placed in operation - four of the GSM type (Global System for Mobile Communication), one D-AMPS type (Digital Advanced Mobile Phone System), and one AMPS type (Advanced Mobile Phone System)


international: linked by landline or microwave radio relay with CIS member states and to other countries by leased connection via the Moscow international gateway switch; after the completion of the Uzbek link to the Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic cable, Uzbekistan will be independent of Russian facilities for international communications; Inmarsat also provides an international connection, albeit an expensive one; satellite earth stations - NA (1998)
Telephones - main lines in use 176,902 (November 2001) 1.98 million (1999)
Telephones - mobile cellular 158,251 (November 2001) 130,000 (2003)
Television broadcast stations 0 (receives Hong Kong broadcasts) (1997) 4 (plus two repeaters that relay Russian programs), 1 cable rebroadcaster in Tashkent; approximately 20 stations in regional capitals (2003)
Terrain generally flat mostly flat-to-rolling sandy desert with dunes; broad, flat intensely irrigated river valleys along course of Amu Darya, Syr Darya (Sirdaryo), and Zarafshon; Fergana Valley in east surrounded by mountainous Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan; shrinking Aral Sea in west
Total fertility rate 1.31 children born/woman (2002 est.) 3.03 children born/woman (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate 6.5% (2001 est.) 10% plus another 20% underemployed (1999 est.)
Waterways none 1,100 km (1990)
Sitemap: Compare countries listing (map site) | Country listing (map site)
Links: Add to favorites | Information about this website | Stats | Polityka prywatnosci
This page was generated in ##czas## s. Size this page: ##rozmiar_strony## kB.