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Compare Jamaica (2001) - Finland (2004)

Compare Jamaica (2001) z Finland (2004)

 Jamaica (2001)Finland (2004)
 JamaicaFinland
Administrative divisions 14 parishes; Clarendon, Hanover, Kingston, Manchester, Portland, Saint Andrew, Saint Ann, Saint Catherine, Saint Elizabeth, Saint James, Saint Mary, Saint Thomas, Trelawny, Westmoreland 6 provinces (laanit, singular - laani); Aland, Etela-Suomen Laani, Ita-Suomen Laani, Lansi-Suomen Laani, Lappi, Oulun Laani
Age structure 0-14 years:
29.7% (male 405,189; female 386,555)

15-64 years:
63.52% (male 845,226; female 847,944)

65 years and over:
6.78% (male 80,667; female 100,055) (2001 est.)
0-14 years: 17.5% (male 466,036; female 448,339)


15-64 years: 66.7% (male 1,760,472; female 1,719,917)


65 years and over: 15.7% (male 323,082; female 496,666) (2004 est.)
Agriculture - products sugarcane, bananas, coffee, citrus, potatoes, vegetables; poultry, goats, milk barley, wheat, sugar beets, potatoes; dairy cattle; fish
Airports 35 (2000 est.) 148 (2003 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total:
11

2,438 to 3,047 m:
2

1,524 to 2,437 m:
1

914 to 1,523 m:
3

under 914 m:
5 (2000 est.)
total: 75


over 3,047 m: 2


2,438 to 3,047 m: 27


1,524 to 2,437 m: 10


914 to 1,523 m: 23


under 914 m: 13 (2004 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
24

914 to 1,523 m:
2

under 914 m:
22 (2000 est.)
total: 73


914 to 1,523 m: 4


under 914 m: 69 (2004 est.)
Area total:
10,990 sq km

land:
10,830 sq km

water:
160 sq km
total: 338,145 sq km


land: 304,473 sq km


water: 33,672 sq km
Area - comparative slightly smaller than Connecticut slightly smaller than Montana
Background Jamaica gained full independence within the British Commonwealth in 1962. Deteriorating economic conditions during the 1970s led to recurrent violence and a dropoff in tourism. Elections in 1980 saw the democratic socialists voted out of office. Subsequent governments have been open market oriented. Political violence marred elections during the 1990s. Finland was a province and then a grand duchy under Sweden from the 12th to the 19th centuries and an autonomous grand duchy of Russia after 1809. It won its complete independence in 1917. During World War II, it was able to successfully defend its freedom and resist invasions by the Soviet Union - albeit with some loss of territory. In the subsequent half century, the Finns made a remarkable transformation from a farm/forest economy to a diversified modern industrial economy; per capita income is now on par with Western Europe. As a member of the European Union, Finland was the only Nordic state to join the euro system at its initiation in January 1999.
Birth rate 18.12 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) 10.56 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Budget revenues:
$2.23 billion

expenditures:
$2.56 billion, including capital expenditures of $232.5 million (FY99/00 est.)
revenues: $87.03 billion


expenditures: $81.62 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2003 est.)
Capital Kingston Helsinki
Climate tropical; hot, humid; temperate interior cold temperate; potentially subarctic but comparatively mild because of moderating influence of the North Atlantic Current, Baltic Sea, and more than 60,000 lakes
Coastline 1,022 km 1,250 km
Constitution 6 August 1962 1 March 2000
Country name conventional long form:
none

conventional short form:
Jamaica
conventional long form: Republic of Finland


conventional short form: Finland


local long form: Suomen Tasavalta


local short form: Suomi
Currency Jamaican dollar (JMD) euro (EUR)


note: on 1 January 1999, the European Monetary Union introduced the euro as a common currency to be used by financial institutions of member countries; on 1 January 2002, the euro became the sole currency for everyday transactions within the member countries
Death rate 5.48 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) 9.69 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Debt - external $4.7 billion (2000 est.) $30 billion (December 1993)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Stanley Louis MCLELLAND

embassy:
Jamaica Mutual Life Center, 2 Oxford Road, 3rd floor, Kingston 5

mailing address:
use embassy street address

telephone:
[1] (876) 929-4850 through 4859

FAX:
[1] (876) 926-6743
chief of mission: Ambassador Earle I. MACK


embassy: Itainen Puistotie 14B, FIN-00140, Helsinki


mailing address: APO AE 09723


telephone: [358] (9) 616250


FAX: [358] (9) 6162 5800
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Richard Leighton BERNAL

chancery:
1520 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036

telephone:
[1] (202) 452-0660

FAX:
[1] (202) 452-0081

consulate(s) general:
Miami and New York
chief of mission: Ambassador Jukka Robert VALTASAARI


chancery: 3301 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 298-5800


FAX: [1] (202) 298-6030


consulate(s) general: Los Angeles and New York
Disputes - international none none
Economic aid - donor - ODA, $379 million (2001)
Economic aid - recipient $102.7 million (1995) -
Economy - overview Key sectors in this island economy are bauxite (alumina and bauxite account for more than half of exports) and tourism. Since assuming office in 1992, Prime Minister PATTERSON has eliminated most price controls, streamlined tax schedules, and privatized government enterprises. Continued tight monetary and fiscal policies have helped slow inflation - although inflationary pressures are mounting - and stabilize the exchange rate, but have resulted in the slowdown of economic growth (moving from 1.5% in 1992 to 0.5% in 1995). In 1996, GDP showed negative growth (-1.4%) and remained negative through 1999. Serious problems include: high interest rates; increased foreign competition; the weak financial condition of business in general resulting in receiverships or closures and downsizings of companies; the shift in investment portfolios to non-productive, short-term high yield instruments; a pressured, sometimes sliding, exchange rate; a widening merchandise trade deficit; and a growing internal debt for government bailouts to various ailing sectors of the economy, particularly the financial sector. Depressed economic conditions in 1999-2000 led to increased civil unrest, including a mounting crime rate. Jamaica's medium-term prospects will depend upon encouraging investment in the productive sectors, maintaining a competitive exchange rate, stabilizing the labor environment, selling off reacquired firms, and implementing proper fiscal and monetary policies. Finland has a highly industrialized, largely free-market economy, with per capita output roughly that of the UK, France, Germany, and Italy. Its key economic sector is manufacturing - principally the wood, metals, engineering, telecommunications, and electronics industries. Trade is important, with exports equaling one-third of GDP. Except for timber and several minerals, Finland depends on imports of raw materials, energy, and some components for manufactured goods. Because of the climate, agricultural development is limited to maintaining self-sufficiency in basic products. Forestry, an important export earner, provides a secondary occupation for the rural population. Rapidly increasing integration with Western Europe - Finland was one of the 12 countries joining the European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) - will dominate the economic picture over the next several years. Growth in 2003 was held back by the global slowdown but will pick up in 2004 provided the world economy suffers no further blows.
Electricity - consumption 6.073 billion kWh (1999) 76.18 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (1999) 1.81 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (1999) 11.77 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - production 6.53 billion kWh (1999) 71.2 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
92.28%

hydro:
1.36%

nuclear:
0%

other:
6.36% (1999)
-
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Caribbean Sea 0 m

highest point:
Blue Mountain Peak 2,256 m
lowest point: Baltic Sea 0 m


highest point: Halti 1,328 m
Environment - current issues heavy rates of deforestation; coastal waters polluted by industrial waste, sewage, and oil spills; damage to coral reefs; air pollution in Kingston results from vehicle emissions air pollution from manufacturing and power plants contributing to acid rain; water pollution from industrial wastes, agricultural chemicals; habitat loss threatens wildlife populations
Environment - international agreements party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements
party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling


signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants
Ethnic groups black 90.9%, East Indian 1.3%, white 0.2%, Chinese 0.2%, mixed 7.3%, other 0.1% Finn 93.4%, Swede 5.7%, Russian 0.4%, Estonian 0.2%, Roma 0.2%, Sami 0.1%
Exchange rates Jamaican dollars per US dollar - 45.557 (January 2001), 42.701 (2000), 39.044 (1999), 36.550 (1998), 35.404 (1997), 37.120 (1996) euros per US dollar - 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999)
Executive branch chief of state:
Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Sir Howard Felix COOKE (since 1 August 1991)

head of government:
Prime Minister Percival James PATTERSON (since 30 March 1992) and Deputy Prime Minister Seymour MULLINGS (since NA 1993)

cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister

elections:
none; the monarch is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch on the recommendation of the prime minister; prime minister and deputy prime minister appointed by the governor general
chief of state: President Tarja HALONEN (since 1 March 2000)


head of government: Prime Minister Matti VANHANEN (since 24 June 2003) and Deputy Prime Minister Antti KALLIOMAKI (since 17 April 2003); note - former Prime Minister Anneli JAATTEENMAKI resigned


cabinet: Council of State or Valtioneuvosto appointed by the president, responsible to Parliament


elections: president elected by popular vote for a six-year term; election last held 16 January 2000 and 6 February 2000 (next to be held February 2006); the president appoints the prime minister and deputy prime minister from the majority party or the majority coalition after Parliamentary elections and the Parliament must approve the appointment


election results: Tarja HALONEN elected president; percent of vote - Tarja HALONEN (SDP) 51.6%, Esko AHO (Kesk) 48.4%


note: government coalition - KESK, SDP, and SFP
Exports $1.7 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.) 101,000 bbl/day (2001)
Exports - commodities alumina, bauxite; sugar, bananas, rum machinery and equipment, chemicals, metals; timber, paper, pulp (1999)
Exports - partners US 35.7%, EU (excluding UK) 15.8%, UK 13%, Canada 10.5% (1999) Germany 11.8%, Sweden 9.9%, US 8.2%, UK 8%, Russia 7.5%, Netherlands 4.8% (2003)
Fiscal year 1 April - 31 March calendar year
Flag description diagonal yellow cross divides the flag into four triangles - green (top and bottom) and black (hoist side and outer side) white with a blue cross extending to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side in the style of the Dannebrog (Danish flag)
GDP purchasing power parity - $9.7 billion (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $142.2 billion (2003 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
7.4%

industry:
35.2%

services:
57.4% (1999 est.)
agriculture: 4.3%


industry: 32.7%


services: 62.9% (2003 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $3,700 (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $27,400 (2003 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 0.2% (2000 est.) 1.9% (2003 est.)
Geographic coordinates 18 15 N, 77 30 W 64 00 N, 26 00 E
Geography - note strategic location between Cayman Trench and Jamaica Channel, the main sea lanes for Panama Canal long boundary with Russia; Helsinki is northernmost national capital on European continent; population concentrated on small southwestern coastal plain
Highways total:
19,000 km

paved:
13,433 km

unpaved:
5,567 km (1997)
total: 78,137 km


paved: 50,398 km (including 750 km of expressways)


unpaved: 27,739 km (2003)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
2.9%

highest 10%:
28.9% (1996)
lowest 10%: 4.2%


highest 10%: 21.6% (1991)
Illicit drugs major transshipment point for cocaine from South America to North America and Europe; illicit cultivation of cannabis; government has an active manual cannabis eradication program; corruption is a major concern -
Imports $3 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.) 318,300 bbl/day (2001)
Imports - commodities machinery and transport equipment, construction materials, fuel, food, chemicals, fertilizers foodstuffs, petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, transport equipment, iron and steel, machinery, textile yarn and fabrics, grains (1999)
Imports - partners US 47.8%, Caricom countries 12.4%, Latin America 7.2%, EU (excluding UK) 4.7% (1999) Germany 16.2%, Sweden 14.1%, Russia 11.7%, Netherlands 6.3%, Denmark 5.7%, UK 5.3%, France 4.3% (2003)
Independence 6 August 1962 (from UK) 6 December 1917 (from Russia)
Industrial production growth rate -2% (2000 est.) 0.8% (2003 est.)
Industries tourism, bauxite, textiles, food processing, light manufactures, rum, cement, metal, paper, chemical products metal products, electronics, shipbuilding, pulp and paper, copper refining, foodstuffs, chemicals, textiles, clothing
Infant mortality rate 14.16 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) total: 3.59 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 3.91 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 3.26 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 8.8% (2000 est.) 0.9% (2003 est.)
International organization participation ACP, C, Caricom, CCC, CDB, ECLAC, FAO, G-15, G-19, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO (pending member), ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, LAES, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, UN, UN Security Council (temporary), UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO AfDB, AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, G- 9, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MIGA, NAM (guest), NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMEE, UNMIK, UNMIL, UNMOGIP, UNTSO, UPU, WCO, WEU (observer), WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 21 (2000) -
Irrigated land 350 sq km (1993 est.) 640 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court (judges appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister); Court of Appeal Supreme Court or Korkein Oikeus (judges appointed by the president)
Labor force 1.13 million (1998) 2.599 million (2003 est.)
Labor force - by occupation services 60%, agriculture 21%, industry 19% (1998) agriculture and forestry 8%, industry 22%, construction 6%, commerce 14%, finance, insurance, and business services 10%, transport and communications 8%, public services 32%
Land boundaries 0 km total: 2,690 km


border countries: Norway 736 km, Sweden 614 km, Russia 1,340 km
Land use arable land:
14%

permanent crops:
6%

permanent pastures:
24%

forests and woodland:
17%

other:
39% (1993 est.)
arable land: 7.19%


permanent crops: 0.03%


other: 92.78% (2001)
Languages English, Creole Finnish 93.4% (official), Swedish 5.9% (official), small Sami- and Russian-speaking minorities
Legal system based on English common law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction civil law system based on Swedish law; the president may request the Supreme Court to review laws; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Legislative branch bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (a 21-member body appointed by the governor general on the recommendations of the prime minister and the leader of the opposition; ruling party is allocated 13 seats, and the opposition is allocated eight seats) and the House of Representatives (60 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)

elections:
last held 18 December 1997 (next to be held by March 2002)

election results:
percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PNP 50, JLP 10
unicameral Parliament or Eduskunta (200 seats; members are elected by popular vote on a proportional basis to serve four-year terms)


elections: last held 16 March 2003 (next to be held NA March 2007)


election results: percent of vote by party - Kesk 24.7%, SDP 24.5%, Kok 18.5%, VAS 9.9%, VIHR 8%, KD 5.3%, SFP 4.6%; seats by party - Kesk 55, SDP 53, Kok 40, VAS 19, VIHR 14, KD 7, SFP 8, others 4
Life expectancy at birth total population:
75.42 years

male:
73.45 years

female:
77.49 years (2001 est.)
total population: 78.24 years


male: 74.73 years


female: 81.89 years (2004 est.)
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over has ever attended school

total population:
85%

male:
80.8%

female:
89.1% (1995 est.)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 100% (2000 est.)


male: NA


female: NA
Location Caribbean, island in the Caribbean Sea, south of Cuba Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia, and Gulf of Finland, between Sweden and Russia
Map references Central America and the Caribbean Europe
Maritime claims measured from claimed archipelagic baselines

contiguous zone:
24 NM

continental shelf:
200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation

exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
territorial sea: 12 nm (in the Gulf of Finland - 3 nm)


continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation


exclusive fishing zone: 12 nm; extends to continental shelf boundary with Sweden
Merchant marine total:
1 ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,930 GRT/3,065 DWT

ships by type:
petroleum tanker 1 (2000 est.)
total: 90 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 1,152,175 GRT/1,053,906 DWT


by type: bulk 9, cargo 26, chemical tanker 5, container 1, passenger 2, petroleum tanker 9, roll on/roll off 28, short-sea/passenger 10


foreign-owned: Estonia 1


registered in other countries: 39 (2004 est.)
Military branches Jamaica Defense Force (includes Ground Forces, Coast Guard, and Air Wing), Jamaica Constabulary Force Army, Navy, Air Force
Military expenditures - dollar figure $30 million (FY95/96 est.) $1.8 billion (FY98/99)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP NA% 2% (FY98/99)
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49:
736,627 (2001 est.)
males age 15-49: 1,226,890 (2004 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49:
517,077 (2001 est.)
males age 15-49: 1,013,961 (2004 est.)
Military manpower - military age 18 years of age -
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males:
27,729 (2001 est.)
males: 32,058 (2004 est.)
National holiday Independence Day, first Monday in August (1962) Independence Day, 6 December (1917)
Nationality noun:
Jamaican(s)

adjective:
Jamaican
noun: Finn(s)


adjective: Finnish
Natural hazards hurricanes (especially July to November) NA
Natural resources bauxite, gypsum, limestone timber, iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, chromite, nickel, gold, silver, limestone
Net migration rate -7.52 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) 0.95 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Pipelines petroleum products 10 km gas 694 km (2004)
Political parties and leaders Jamaica Labor Party or JLP [Edward SEAGA]; National Democratic Movement or NDM [Bruce GOLDING]; People's National Party or PNP [Percival James PATTERSON] Center Party or Kesk [Matti VANHANEN]; Christian Democrats or KD [Paivi RASANEN]; Green League or VIHR [Osmo SOININVAARA]; Left Alliance or VAS composed of People's Democratic League and Democratic Alternative [Suvi-Anne SIIMES]; National Coalition (conservative) Party or Kok [Jyrki KATAINEN]; Social Democratic Party or SDP [Paavo LIPPONEN]; Swedish People's Party or SFP [Jan-Erik ENESTAM]
Political pressure groups and leaders New Beginnings Movement or NBM; Rastafarians (black religious/racial cultists, pan-Africanists) -
Population 2,665,636 (July 2001 est.) 5,214,512 (July 2004 est.)
Population below poverty line 34.2% (1992 est.) NA
Population growth rate 0.51% (2001 est.) 0.18% (2004 est.)
Ports and harbors Alligator Pond, Discovery Bay, Kingston, Montego Bay, Ocho Rios, Port Antonio, Rocky Point, Port Esquivel (Longswharf) Hamina, Helsinki, Kokkola, Kotka, Loviisa, Oulu, Pori, Rauma, Turku, Uusikaupunki, Varkaus
Radio broadcast stations AM 10, FM 13, shortwave 0 (1998) AM 2, FM 186, shortwave 1 (1998)
Radios 1.215 million (1997) -
Railways total:
370 km

standard gauge:
370 km 1.435-m gauge; note - 207 km belong to the Jamaica Railway Corporation in common carrier service, but are no longer operational; the remaining track is privately owned and used to transport bauxite
total: 5,851 km


broad gauge: 5,851 km 1.524-m gauge (2,400 km electrified) (2003)
Religions Protestant 61.3% (Church of God 21.2%, Baptist 8.8%, Anglican 5.5%, Seventh-Day Adventist 9%, Pentecostal 7.6%, Methodist 2.7%, United Church 2.7%, Brethren 1.1%, Jehovah's Witness 1.6%, Moravian 1.1%), Roman Catholic 4%, other, including some spiritual cults 34.7% Evangelical Lutheran 89%, Russian Orthodox 1%, none 9%, other 1%
Sex ratio at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.05 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.81 male(s)/female

total population:
1 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.65 male(s)/female


total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2004 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment:
fully automatic domestic telephone network

domestic:
NA

international:
satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); 3 coaxial submarine cables
general assessment: modern system with excellent service


domestic: digital fiber-optic fixed-line network and an extensive cellular network provide domestic needs


international: country code - 358; 1 submarine cable (Finland Estonia Connection); satellite earth stations - access to Intelsat transmission service via a Swedish satellite earth station, 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions); note - Finland shares the Inmarsat earth station with the other Nordic countries (Denmark, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden)
Telephones - main lines in use 353,000 (1996) 2.548 million (2003)
Telephones - mobile cellular 54,640 (1996) 4.7 million (2003)
Television broadcast stations 7 (1997) 120 (plus 431 repeaters) (1999)
Terrain mostly mountains, with narrow, discontinuous coastal plain mostly low, flat to rolling plains interspersed with lakes and low hills
Total fertility rate 2.08 children born/woman (2001 est.) 1.73 children born/woman (2004 est.)
Unemployment rate 16% (2000 est.) 9% (2003 est.)
Waterways none 7,842 km


note: includes Saimaa Canal system of 3,577 km; southern part leased from Russia (2004)
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