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Compare Grenada (2001) - Turkmenistan (2002)

Compare Grenada (2001) z Turkmenistan (2002)

 Grenada (2001)Turkmenistan (2002)
 GrenadaTurkmenistan
Administrative divisions 6 parishes and 1 dependency*; Carriacou and Petit Martinique*, Saint Andrew, Saint David, Saint George, Saint John, Saint Mark, Saint Patrick 5 provinces (welayatlar, singular - welayat): Ahal Welayaty (Ashgabat), Balkan Welayaty (Balkanabat), Dasoguz Welayaty, Labap Welayaty (Turkmenabat), Mary Welayaty


note: administrative divisions have the same names as their administrative centers (exceptions have the administrative center name following in parentheses)
Age structure 0-14 years:
37.05% (male 16,739; female 16,318)

15-64 years:
59.03% (male 27,850; female 24,820)

65 years and over:
3.92% (male 1,592; female 1,908) (2001 est.)
0-14 years: 37.3% (male 895,536; female 853,301)


15-64 years: 58.6% (male 1,350,142; female 1,399,879)


65 years and over: 4.1% (male 72,784; female 117,321) (2002 est.)
Agriculture - products bananas, cocoa, nutmeg, mace, citrus, avocados, root crops, sugarcane, corn, vegetables cotton, grain; livestock
Airports 3 (2000 est.) 76 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways total:
3

2,438 to 3,047 m:
1

1,524 to 2,437 m:
1

under 914 m:
1 (2000 est.)
total: 13


2,438 to 3,047 m: 9


1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways - total: 63


2,438 to 3,047 m: 7


1,524 to 2,437 m: 5


914 to 1,523 m: 10


under 914 m: 41 (2002)
Area total:
340 sq km

land:
340 sq km

water:
0 sq km
total: 488,100 sq km


land: 488,100 sq km


water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative twice the size of Washington, DC slightly larger than California
Background One of the smallest independent countries in the western hemisphere, Grenada was seized by a Marxist military council on 19 October 1983. Six days later the island was invaded by US forces and those of six other Caribbean nations, which quickly captured the ringleaders and their hundreds of Cuban advisers. Free elections were reinstituted the following year. Annexed by Russia between 1865 and 1885, Turkmenistan became a Soviet republic in 1925. It achieved its independence upon the dissolution of the USSR in 1991. President NIYAZOV retains absolute control over the country and opposition is not tolerated. Extensive hydrocarbon/natural gas reserves could prove a boon to this underdeveloped country if extraction and delivery projects can be worked out.
Birth rate 23.12 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) 28.27 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Budget revenues:
$85.8 million

expenditures:
$102.1 million, including capital expenditures of $28 million (1997)
revenues: $588.6 million


expenditures: $658.2 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1999 est.) (1999 est.)
Capital Saint George's Ashgabat
Climate tropical; tempered by northeast trade winds subtropical desert
Coastline 121 km 0 km; note - Turkmenistan borders the Caspian Sea (1,768 km)
Constitution 19 December 1973 adopted 18 May 1992
Country name conventional long form:
none

conventional short form:
Grenada
conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Turkmenistan


local long form: none


local short form: Turkmenistan


former: Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic
Currency East Caribbean dollar (XCD) Turkmen manat (TMM)
Death rate 7.82 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) 8.92 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Debt - external $182.8 million (1998) $2.3 billion to $5 billion (2001 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission:
the ambassador to Barbados is accredited to Grenada

embassy:
Point Salines, Saint George's

mailing address:
P. O. Box 54, Saint George's, Grenada, West Indies

telephone:
[1] (473) 444-1173 through 1176

FAX:
[1] (473) 444-4820
chief of mission: Ambassador Laura E. KENNEDY


embassy: 9 Pushkin Street, Ashgabat, Turkmenistan 774000


mailing address: use embassy street address


telephone: [9] (9312) 35-00-45


FAX: [9] (9312) 39-26-14
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Denis G. ANTOINE

chancery:
1701 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009

telephone:
[1] (202) 265-2561

consulate(s) general:
New York
chief of mission: Ambassador Mered Bairamovich ORAZOV


chancery: 2207 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 588-1500


FAX: [1] (202) 588-0697
Disputes - international none Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan wrestle with sharing limited water resources and regional environmental degradation caused by the shrinking of the Aral Sea; multilaterally-accepted Caspian Sea seabed and maritime boundaries have not yet been established in the Caspian - Iran insists on division of Caspian Sea into five equal sectors while Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Russia, and Turkmenistan have generally agreed upon equidistant seabed boundaries; Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan await ICJ decision to resolve sovereignty dispute over oil fields in the Caspian Sea
Economic aid - recipient $8.3 million (1995) $16 million from the US (2001)
Economy - overview In this island economy progress in fiscal reforms and prudent macroeconomic management have kept annual growth steady since 1998. The increase in economic activity has been led by construction and trade. Tourist facilities are being expanded; tourism is the leading foreign exchange earner. Major short-term concerns are the rising fiscal deficit and the deterioration in the external account balance. Grenada shares a common central bank and a common currency with seven other members of the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS). Turkmenistan is largely desert country with intensive agriculture in irrigated oases and huge gas (fifth largest reserves in the world) and oil resources. One-half of its irrigated land is planted in cotton, making it the world's tenth largest producer. Until the end of 1993, Turkmenistan had experienced less economic disruption than other former Soviet states because its economy received a boost from higher prices for oil and gas and a sharp increase in hard currency earnings. In 1994, Russia's refusal to export Turkmen gas to hard currency markets and mounting debts of its major customers in the former USSR for gas deliveries contributed to a sharp fall in industrial production and caused the budget to shift from a surplus to a slight deficit. With an authoritarian ex-Communist regime in power and a tribally based social structure, Turkmenistan has taken a cautious approach to economic reform, hoping to use gas and cotton sales to sustain its inefficient economy. Privatization goals remain limited. In 1998-2001, Turkmenistan has suffered from the continued lack of adequate export routes for natural gas and from obligations on extensive short-term external debt. At the same time, however, total exports have risen sharply because of higher international oil and gas prices. Prospects in the near future are discouraging because of widespread internal poverty, the burden of foreign debt, and the unwillingness of the government to adopt market-oriented reforms. However, Turkmenistan's cooperation with the international community in transporting humanitarian aid to Afghanistan may foreshadow a change in the atmosphere for foreign investment, aid, and technological support. Turkmenistan's economic statistics are state secrets, and GDP and other figures are subject to wide margins of error.
Electricity - consumption 111.6 million kWh (1999) 7.708 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (1999) 900 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (1999) 0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - production 120 million kWh (1999) 9.256 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
100%

hydro:
0%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
fossil fuel: 100%


hydro: 0%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2000)
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Caribbean Sea 0 m

highest point:
Mount Saint Catherine 840 m
lowest point: Vpadina Akchanaya -81 m; note - Sarygamysh Koli is a lake in northern Turkmenistan with a water level that fluctuates above and below the elevation of Vpadina Akchanaya (the lake has dropped as low as -110 m)


highest point: Gora Ayribaba 3,139 m
Environment - current issues NA contamination of soil and groundwater with agricultural chemicals, pesticides; salination, water-logging of soil due to poor irrigation methods; Caspian Sea pollution; diversion of a large share of the flow of the Amu Darya into irrigation contributes to that river's inability to replenish the Aral Sea; desertification
Environment - international agreements party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Whaling

signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups black 82% some South Asians (East Indians) and Europeans, trace Arawak/Carib Amerindian Turkmen 77%, Uzbek 9.2%, Russian 6.7%, Kazakh 2%, other 5.1% (1995)
Exchange rates East Caribbean dollars per US dollar - 2.7000 (fixed rate since 1976) Turkmen manats per US dollar - 5,200 (January 2002-January 2000), 5,350 (January 1999), 4,070 (January 1997)
Executive branch chief of state:
Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Daniel WILLIAMS (since 9 August 1996)

head of government:
Prime Minister Keith MITCHELL (since 22 June 1995)

cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister

elections:
none; the monarch is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch; prime minister appointed by the governor general from among the members of the House of Assembly
chief of state: President and Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers Saparmurat NIYAZOV (since 27 October 1990, when the first direct presidential election occurred); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


head of government: President and Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers Saparmurat NIYAZOV (since 27 October 1990, when the first direct presidential election occurred); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president


note: NIYAZOV's term in office was extended indefinitely on 28 December 1999 by the Assembly (Majlis) during a session of the People's Council (Halk Maslahaty)


elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 21 June 1992 (next to be held NA); note - President NIYAZOV was unanimously approved as president for life by the Assembly on 28 December 1999); deputy chairmen of the cabinet of ministers are appointed by the president


election results: Saparmurat NIYAZOV elected president without opposition; percent of vote - Saparmurat NIYAZOV 99.5%
Exports $62.3 million (2000 est.) $2.7 billion f.o.b. (2001 est.)
Exports - commodities bananas, cocoa, nutmeg, fruit and vegetables, clothing, mace gas 33%, oil 30%, cotton fiber 18%, textiles 8% (1999)
Exports - partners Caricom 32.3%, UK 20%, US 13%, Netherlands 8.8% (1991) Ukraine 27%, Iran 14%, Turkey 11%, Italy 9%, Switzerland 5% (1999)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description a rectangle divided diagonally into yellow triangles (top and bottom) and green triangles (hoist side and outer side), with a red border around the flag; there are seven yellow, five-pointed stars with three centered in the top red border, three centered in the bottom red border, and one on a red disk superimposed at the center of the flag; there is also a symbolic nutmeg pod on the hoist-side triangle (Grenada is the world's second-largest producer of nutmeg, after Indonesia); the seven stars represent the seven administrative divisions green field with a vertical red stripe near the hoist side, containing five carpet guls (designs used in producing rugs) stacked above two crossed olive branches similar to the olive branches on the UN flag; a white crescent moon and five white stars appear in the upper corner of the field just to the fly side of the red stripe
GDP purchasing power parity - $394 million (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $21.5 billion (2001 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
9.7%

industry:
15%

services:
75.3% (1996 est.)
agriculture: 27%


industry: 45%


services: 28% (2000 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $4,400 (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $4,700 (2001 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 7% (2000 est.) 10% (2001 est.)
Geographic coordinates 12 07 N, 61 40 W 40 00 N, 60 00 E
Geography - note the administration of the islands of the Grenadines group is divided between Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and Grenada landlocked; the western and central low-lying, desolate portions of the country make up the great Garagum (Kara-Kum) desert, which occupies over 80% of the country; eastern part is plateau
Highways total:
1,040 km

paved:
638 km

unpaved:
402 km (1996)
total: 22,000 km


paved: 18,000 km (includes some all-weather gravel-surfaced roads)


unpaved: 4,000 km (these roads are made of unstabilized earth and are difficult to negotiate in wet weather) (1996)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
lowest 10%: 3%


highest 10%: 32% (1998) (1998)
Illicit drugs small-scale cannabis cultivation; lesser transshipment point for marijuana and cocaine to US transit country for Afghan narcotics bound for Russian and, to a lesser extent, Western European markets; limited illicit cultivation of opium poppy for domestic consumption; small-scale government-run eradication of illicit crops; transit point for heroin precursor chemicals bound for Afghanistan
Imports $217.5 million (2000 est.) $2.3 billion c.i.f. (2001 est.)
Imports - commodities food, manufactured goods, machinery, chemicals, fuel (1989) machinery and equipment 60%, foodstuffs 15% (1999)
Imports - partners US 31.2%, Caricom 23.6%, UK 13.8%, Japan 7.1% (1991) Turkey 17%, Ukraine 12%, Russia 11%, UAE 8%, France 6% (1999)
Independence 7 February 1974 (from UK) 27 October 1991 (from the Soviet Union)
Industrial production growth rate 0.7% (1997 est.) NA%
Industries food and beverages, textiles, light assembly operations, tourism, construction natural gas, oil, petroleum products, textiles, food processing
Infant mortality rate 14.63 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) 73.21 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2.5% (2000 est.) 10% (2001 est.)
International organization participation ACP, C, Caricom, CDB, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO (subscriber), ITU, LAES, NAM, OAS, OECS, OPANAL, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WTrO AsDB, CCC, CIS, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, ECO, ESCAP, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDB, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO (observer)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 14 (2000) NA
Irrigated land NA sq km 18,000 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch West Indies Associate States Supreme Court (an associate judge resides in Grenada) Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president)
Labor force 42,300 (1996) 2.34 million (1996) (1996)
Labor force - by occupation services 62%, agriculture 24%, industry 14% (1999 est.) agriculture 48%, industry 15%, services 37% (1998 est.)
Land boundaries 0 km total: 3,736 km


border countries: Afghanistan 744 km, Iran 992 km, Kazakhstan 379 km, Uzbekistan 1,621 km
Land use arable land:
15%

permanent crops:
18%

permanent pastures:
3%

forests and woodland:
9%

other:
55% (1993 est.)
arable land: 3.47%


permanent crops: 0.14%


other: 96.39% (1998 est.)
Languages English (official), French patois Turkmen 72%, Russian 12%, Uzbek 9%, other 7%
Legal system based on English common law based on civil law system
Legislative branch bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (a 13-member body, 10 appointed by the government and three by the leader of the opposition) and the House of Representatives (15 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)

elections:
last held on 18 January 1999 (next to be held by NA October 2004)

election results:
House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NNP 14, GULP 1
under the 1992 constitution, there are two parliamentary bodies, a unicameral People's Council or Halk Maslahaty (more than 100 seats, some of which are elected by popular vote and some of which are appointed; meets infrequently) and a unicameral Assembly or Majlis (50 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)


elections: People's Council - NA; Assembly - last held 12 December 1999 (next to be held NA 2004)


election results: Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA; note - all 50 elected officials preapproved by President NIYAZOV; most are from the DPT
Life expectancy at birth total population:
64.52 years

male:
62.74 years

female:
66.31 years (2001 est.)
total population: 61.1 years


male: 57.57 years


female: 64.8 years (2002 est.)
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
98%

male:
98%

female:
98% (1970 est.)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 98%


male: 99%


female: 97% (1989 est.)
Location Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and Atlantic Ocean, north of Trinidad and Tobago Central Asia, bordering the Caspian Sea, between Iran and Kazakhstan
Map references Central America and the Caribbean Asia
Maritime claims exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
none (landlocked)
Merchant marine none (2000 est.) total: 1 ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 4,600 GRT/5,000 DWT


ships by type: petroleum tanker 1 (2002 est.)
Military branches Royal Grenada Police Force (includes Special Service Unit), Coast Guard Ministry of Defense (Army, Air and Air Defense, Navy, Border Troops, and Internal Troops), National Guard
Military expenditures - dollar figure $NA $90 million (FY99)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP NA% 3.4% (FY99)
Military manpower - availability - males age 15-49: 1,206,920 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service - males age 15-49: 979,282 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - military age - 18 years of age (2002 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually - males: 48,292 (2002 est.)
National holiday Independence Day, 7 February (1974) Independence Day, 27 October (1991)
Nationality noun:
Grenadian(s)

adjective:
Grenadian
noun: Turkmen(s)


adjective: Turkmen
Natural hazards lies on edge of hurricane belt; hurricane season lasts from June to November NA
Natural resources timber, tropical fruit, deepwater harbors petroleum, natural gas, coal, sulfur, salt
Net migration rate -15.86 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) -0.98 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Pipelines - crude oil 250 km; natural gas 4,400 km
Political parties and leaders Grenada United Labor Party or GULP [Herbert PREUDHOMME]; National Democratic Congress or NDC [leader vacant]; New National Party or NNP [George McGUIRE] Democratic Party of Turkmenistan or DPT [Saparmurat NIYAZOV]


note: formal opposition parties are outlawed; unofficial, small opposition movements exist underground or in foreign countries
Political pressure groups and leaders NA NA
Population 89,227 (July 2001 est.) 4,688,963 (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% 34% (2001 est.)
Population growth rate -0.06% (2001 est.) 1.84% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors Grenville, Saint George's Turkmenbasy
Radio broadcast stations AM 2, FM 1, shortwave 0 (1998) AM 16, FM 8, shortwave 2 (1998)
Radios 57,000 (1997) 1.225 million (1997)
Railways 0 km total: 2,440 km


broad gauge: 2,440 km 1.520-m gauge (2001)
Religions Roman Catholic 53%, Anglican 13.8%, other Protestant 33.2% Muslim 89%, Eastern Orthodox 9%, unknown 2%
Sex ratio at birth:
1 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.03 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1.12 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.83 male(s)/female

total population:
1.07 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.62 male(s)/female


total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment:
automatic, islandwide telephone system

domestic:
interisland VHF and UHF radiotelephone links

international:
new SHF radiotelephone links to Trinidad and Tobago and Saint Vincent; VHF and UHF radio links to Trinidad
general assessment: poorly developed


domestic: NA


international: linked by cable and microwave radio relay to other CIS republics and to other countries by leased connections to the Moscow international gateway switch; a new telephone link from Ashgabat to Iran has been established; a new exchange in Ashgabat switches international traffic through Turkey via Intelsat; satellite earth stations - 1 Orbita and 1 Intelsat
Telephones - main lines in use 27,000 (1997) 363,000 (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular 976 (1997) 4,300 (1998)
Television broadcast stations 2 (1997) 3 (much programming relayed from Russia and Turkey) (1997)
Terrain volcanic in origin with central mountains flat-to-rolling sandy desert with dunes rising to mountains in the south; low mountains along border with Iran; borders Caspian Sea in west
Total fertility rate 2.54 children born/woman (2001 est.) 3.54 children born/woman (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate 15% (1997) NA%
Waterways none the Amu Darya is an important inland waterway for Turkmenistan
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