Compare Gibraltar (2006) - Macau (2005)

Compare Gibraltar (2006) z Macau (2005)

	Gibraltar (2006)	Macau (2005)

Administrative divisions	none (overseas territory of the UK)	none (special administrative region of China)
Age structure	0-14 years: 17.5% (male 2,499/female 2,388) 15-64 years: 66% (male 9,443/female 8,999) 65 years and over: 16.5% (male 2,059/female 2,540) (2006 est.)	0-14 years: 17% (male 39,564/female 36,947) 15-64 years: 75.1% (male 160,957/female 176,386) 65 years and over: 7.9% (male 14,713/female 20,631) (2005 est.)
Agriculture - products	none	only 2% of land area is cultivated, mainly by vegetable growers; fishing, mostly for crustaceans, is important, some of catch is exported to Hong Kong; most food requirements are met by imports, primarily from China
Airports	1 (2006)	1 (2004 est.)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2006)	total: 1 over 3,047 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Area	total: 6.5 sq km land: 6.5 sq km water: 0 sq km	total: 25.4 sq km land: 25.4 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative	about 11 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC	about 0.1 times the size of Washington, DC
Background	Strategically important, Gibraltar was reluctantly ceded to Great Britain by Spain in the 1713 Treaty of Utrecht; the British garrison was formally declared a colony in 1830. In a referendum held in 1967, Gibraltarians voted overwhelmingly to remain a British dependency. Although the current 1969 Constitution for Gibraltar states that the British government will never allow the people of Gibraltar to pass under the sovereignty of another state against their freely and democratically expressed wishes, a series of talks were held by the UK and Spain between 1997 and 2002 on establishing temporary joint sovereignty over Gibraltar. In response to these talks, the Gibraltarian Government set up a referendum in late 2002 in which a majority of the citizens voted overwhelmingly against any sharing of sovereignty with Spain. Since the referendum, tripartite talks have been held with Spain, the UK, and Gibraltar, and in September 2006 a three-way agreement was signed. Spain agreed to allow airlines other than British to serve Gibraltar, to speed up customs procedures, and to add more telephone lines into Gibraltar. Britain agreed to pay pensions to Spaniards who had been employed in Gibraltar before the border closed in 1969. Spain will be allowed to open a cultural institute from which the Spanish flag will fly.	Colonized by the Portuguese in the 16th century, Macau was the first European settlement in the Far East. Pursuant to an agreement signed by China and Portugal on 13 April 1987, Macau became the Macau Special Administrative Region (SAR) of China on 20 December 1999. China has promised that, under its "one country, two systems" formula, China's socialist economic system will not be practiced in Macau, and that Macau will enjoy a high degree of autonomy in all matters except foreign and defense affairs for the next 50 years.
Birth rate	10.74 births/1,000 population (2006 est.)	8.04 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Budget	revenues: $307 million expenditures: $284 million; including capital expenditures of $NA (FY00/01 est.)	revenues: $1.84 billion expenditures: $1.57 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2003)
Capital	name: Gibraltar geographic coordinates: 39 11 N, 5 22 W time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October	-
Climate	Mediterranean with mild winters and warm summers	subtropical; marine with cool winters, warm summers
Coastline	12 km	41 km
Constitution	30 May 1969	Basic Law, approved in March 1993 by China's National People's Congress, is Macau's "mini-constitution"
Country name	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Gibraltar	conventional long form: Macau Special Administrative Region conventional short form: Macau local long form: Aomen Tebie Xingzhengqu (Chinese); Regiao Administrativa Especial de Macau (Portuguese) local short form: Aomen (Chinese); Macau (Portuguese)
Death rate	9.31 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)	4.23 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Debt - external	$NA (2000 est.)	$2.7 billion (2003)
Dependency status	overseas territory of the UK	special administrative region of China
Diplomatic representation from the US	none (overseas territory of the UK)	the US has no offices in Macau; US interests are monitored by the US Consulate General in Hong Kong
Diplomatic representation in the US	none (overseas territory of the UK)	none (special administrative region of China)
Disputes - international	in 2002, Gibraltar residents voted overwhelmingly by referendum to reject any "shared sovereignty" arrangement; the government of Gibraltar insists on equal participation in talks between the UK and Spain; Spain disapproves of UK plans to grant Gibraltar even greater autonomy	none
Economic aid - recipient	$NA	NA
Economy - overview	Self-sufficient Gibraltar benefits from an extensive shipping trade, offshore banking, and its position as an international conference center. The British military presence has been sharply reduced and now contributes about 7% to the local economy, compared with 60% in 1984. The financial sector, tourism (almost 5 million visitors in 1998), shipping services fees, and duties on consumer goods also generate revenue. The financial sector, the shipping sector, and tourism each contribute 25%-30% of GDP. Telecommunications accounts for another 10%. In recent years, Gibraltar has seen major structural change from a public to a private sector economy, but changes in government spending still have a major impact on the level of employment.	Macau's well-to-do economy has remained one of the most open in the world since its reversion to China in 1999. Apparel exports and tourism are mainstays of the economy. Although the territory was hit hard by the 1998 Asian financial crisis and the global downturn in 2001, its economy grew 9.5% in 2002 and 15.6% in 2003. During the first three quarters of 2004, Macau registered year-on-year GDP increases of more than 20 percent. A rapid rise in the number of mainland visitors because of China's easing of restrictions on travel, increased public works expenditures, and significant investment inflows associated with the liberalization of Macau's gaming industry drove the recovery. The budget also returned to surplus in 2002 because of the surge in visitors from China and a hike in taxes on gambling profits, which generated about 70% of government revenue. The three companies awarded gambling licenses have pledged to invest $2.2 billion in the territory, which will boost GDP growth. Much of Macau's textile industry may move to the mainland as the Multi-Fiber Agreement is phased out. The territory may have to rely more on gambling and trade-related services to generate growth. Two new casinos were opened by new foreign gambling licensees in 2004; development of new infrastructure and facilities in preparation for Macau's hosting of the 2005 East Asian Games will bolster the construction sector. The Closer Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) between Macau and mainland China that came into effect on 1 January 2004 offers many Macau-made products tariff-free access to the mainland, and the range of products covered by CEPA was to be expanded on 1 January 2005.
Electricity - consumption	98.69 million kWh (2003)	1.772 billion kWh (2003)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2003)	1 million kWh (2003)
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2003)	179.7 million kWh (2003)
Electricity - production	106.1 million kWh (2003)	1.719 billion kWh (2003)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m highest point: Rock of Gibraltar 426 m	lowest point: South China Sea 0 m highest point: Coloane Alto 172.4 m
Environment - current issues	limited natural freshwater resources: large concrete or natural rock water catchments collect rainwater (no longer used for drinking water) and adequate desalination plant	NA
Ethnic groups	Spanish, Italian, English, Maltese, Portuguese, German, North Africans	Chinese 95.7%, Macanese (mixed Portuguese and Asian ancestry) 1%, other 3.3% (2001 census)
Exchange rates	Gibraltar pounds per US dollar - 0.55 (2005), 0.5462 (2004), 0.6125 (2003), 0.6672 (2002), 0.6947 (2001) note: the Gibraltar pound is at par with the British pound	patacas per US dollar - 8.022 (2004), 8.021 (2003), 8.033 (2002), 8.034 (2001), 8.026 (2000)
Executive branch	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor Sir Robert FULTON (since 27 October 2006) head of government: Chief Minister Peter CARUANA (since 17 May 1996) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed from among the 15 elected members of the House of Assembly by the governor in consultation with the chief minister elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually appointed chief minister by the governor	chief of state: President of China HU Jintao (since 15 March 2003) head of government: Chief Executive Edmund HO Hau-wah (since 20 December 1999) cabinet: Executive Council consists of one government secretary, four legislators, four businessmen, and one pro-Beijing unionist elections: chief executive chosen by a 300-member Election Committee for up to two five-year terms election results: Edmund HO Hau-wah reelected on 29 August 2004; received 296 votes in Election Committee out of 300 possible; 3 members submitted blank ballots; 1 member was absent
Exports	NA bbl/day	NA
Exports - commodities	(principally reexports) petroleum 51%, manufactured goods 41%, other 8%	clothing, textiles, footwear, toys, electronics, machinery and parts
Exports - partners	UK 30.8%, Spain 22.7%, Germany 13.7%, Turkmenistan 10.4%, Switzerland 8.3%, Italy 6.7% (2005)	US 48.7%, China 13.9%, Germany 8.3%, Hong Kong 7.6%, UK 4.4% (2004)
Fiscal year	1 July - 30 June	calendar year
Flag description	two horizontal bands of white (top, double width) and red with a three-towered red castle in the center of the white band; hanging from the castle gate is a gold key centered in the red band	light green with a lotus flower above a stylized bridge and water in white, beneath an arc of five gold, five-pointed stars: one large in center of arc and four smaller
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%	agriculture: 0.1% industry: 7.2% services: 92.7% (2002 est.)
GDP - per capita	-	purchasing power parity - $19,400 (2003)
GDP - real growth rate	NA%	15.6% (2003)
Geographic coordinates	36 8 N, 5 21 W	22 10 N, 113 33 E
Geography - note	strategic location on Strait of Gibraltar that links the North Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea	essentially urban; one causeway and two bridges connect the two islands of Coloane and Taipa to the peninsula on mainland
Highways	-	total: 341 km paved: 341 km unpaved: 0 km (2002)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%	lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Imports	NA bbl/day	NA
Imports - commodities	fuels, manufactured goods, and foodstuffs	raw materials and semi-manufactured goods, consumer goods (foodstuffs, beverages, tobacco), capital goods, mineral fuels and oils
Imports - partners	Spain 23.4%, Russia 12.3%, Italy 12%, UK 9%, France 8.9%, Netherlands 6.8%, US 4.7% (2005)	China 44.4%, Hong Kong 10.6%, Japan 9.6%, Taiwan 4.9%, Singapore 4.1%, US 4.1% (2004)
Independence	none (overseas territory of the UK)	none (special administrative region of China)
Industrial production growth rate	NA%	NA
Industries	tourism, banking and finance, ship repairing, tobacco	tourism, gambling, clothing, textiles, electronics, footwear, toys
Infant mortality rate	total: 5.06 deaths/1,000 live births male: 5.63 deaths/1,000 live births female: 4.46 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)	total: 4.39 deaths/1,000 live births male: 4.59 deaths/1,000 live births female: 4.19 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	1.5% (1998)	2% (3rd quarter, 2004)
International organization participation	Interpol (subbureau), UPU	IMF, IMO (associate), Interpol (sub-bureau), ISO (correspondent), UNESCO (associate), UPU, WCO, WMO, WToO (associate), WTO
Irrigated land	NA	NA sq km
Judicial branch	Supreme Court; Court of Appeal	Court of Final Appeal in Macau Special Administrative Region
Labor force	12,690 (including non-Gibraltar laborers) (2001)	231,500 (3rd Quarter, 2004)
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture: negligible industry: 40% services: 60%	manufacturing 18.3%, construction 8%, transport and communications 7%, wholesale and retail trade 16.2%, restaurants and hotels 10.9%, gambling 11.6%, public sector 8.8%, other services and agriculture 19.2% (2003 est.)
Land boundaries	total: 1.2 km border countries: Spain 1.2 km	total: 0.34 km regional border: China 0.34 km
Land use	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2005)	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% note: "green areas" represent 22.4% (2001)
Languages	English (used in schools and for official purposes), Spanish, Italian, Portuguese	Cantonese 87.9%, Hokkien 4.4%, Mandarin 1.6%, other Chinese dialects 3.1%, other 3% (2001 census)
Legal system	English law	based on Portuguese civil law system
Legislative branch	unicameral House of Assembly (18 seats - 15 elected by popular vote, 1 appointed for the Speaker, and 2 ex officio members; members serve four-year terms) elections: last held 27 November 2003 (next to be held not later than February 2008) election results: percent of vote by party - GSD 58%, GSLP 41%; seats by party - GSD 8, GSLP 7	unicameral Legislative Council or LEGCO (29 seats; 12 elected by popular vote, 10 by indirect vote, and seven appointed by the chief executive; members serve four-year terms) elections: last held 26 September 2005 (next in September 2009) election results: percent of vote - Development Union 12.8%, Macau Development Alliance 9%, Macau United Citizens' Association 16%, New Democratic Macau Association 18.2%, others na; seats by political group - Development Union 2, Macau Development Alliance 1, Macau United Citizens' Association 2, New Democratic Macau Association 2, New Hope 1, Union Forces 2, others 2; 10 seats filled by professional and business groups; seven members appointed by chief executive
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 79.8 years male: 76.92 years female: 82.83 years (2006 est.)	total population: 82.12 years male: 79.29 years female: 85.09 years (2005 est.)
Literacy	definition: NA total population: above 80% male: NA female: NA	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 94.5% male: 97.2% female: 92% (2003 est.)
Location	Southwestern Europe, bordering the Strait of Gibraltar, which links the Mediterranean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, on the southern coast of Spain	Eastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and China
Map references	Europe	Southeast Asia
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 3 nm	not specified
Merchant marine	total: 180 ships (1000 GRT or over) 1,129,379 GRT/1,437,754 DWT by type: barge carrier 3, bulk carrier 1, cargo 105, chemical tanker 26, container 26, passenger 1, petroleum tanker 11, roll on/roll off 6, specialized tanker 1 foreign-owned: 165 (Belgium 2, Cyprus 1, Denmark 1, Finland 3, France 1, Germany 108, Greece 7, Iceland 1, Ireland 1, Italy 6, Latvia 2, Netherlands 5, Norway 18, Sweden 5, UK 4) (2006)	-
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of the UK; the last British regular infantry forces left Gibraltar in 1992, replaced by the Royal Gibraltar Regiment	-
Military branches	Royal Gibraltar Regiment	China's People's Revolutionary Army (PLA) constitutes the only armed force in Macau; several police forces constitute the Security Forces of Macau (SFM) that are subordinate to the General Secretariat of Security, a body comparable to a ministry of interior (2004)
National holiday	National Day, 10 September (1967); note - day of the national referendum to decide whether to remain with the UK or go with Spain	National Day (Anniversary of the Founding of the People's Republic of China), 1 October (1949); note - 20 December 1999 is celebrated as Macau Special Administrative Region Establishment Day
Nationality	noun: Gibraltarian(s) adjective: Gibraltar	noun: Chinese adjective: Chinese
Natural hazards	NA	typhoons
Natural resources	none	NEGL
Net migration rate	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)	4.86 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Political parties and leaders	Gibraltar Liberal Party [Joseph GARCIA]; Gibraltar Social Democrats or GSD [Peter CARUANA]; Gibraltar Socialist Labor Party or GSLP [Joseph John BOSSANO]	Civil Service Union [Jose Maria Pereira COUTINHO]; Development Union [KWAN Tsui-hang]; Macau Development Alliance [Angela LEONG On-kei]; Macau United Citizens' Association [CHAN Meng-kam]; New Democratic Macau Association [Antonio NG Kuok-cheong]; United Forces [leader NA]
Political pressure groups and leaders	Chamber of Commerce; Gibraltar Representatives Organization; Women's Association	NA
Population	27,928 (July 2006 est.)	449,198 (July 2005 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA%	NA
Population growth rate	0.14% (2006 est.)	0.87% (2005 est.)
Ports and harbors	-	Macau
Radio broadcast stations	AM 1, FM 5, shortwave 0 (1998)	AM 0, FM 2, shortwave 0 (1998)
Religions	Roman Catholic 78.1%, Church of England 7%, other Christian 3.2%, Muslim 4%, Jewish 2.1%, Hindu 1.8%, other or unspecified 0.9%, none 2.9% (2001 census)	Buddhist 50%, Roman Catholic 15%, none and other 35% (1997 est.)
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.81 male(s)/female total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2006 est.)	at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.91 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.71 male(s)/female total population: 0.92 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal, plus other British citizens who have been residents six months or more	direct election 18 years of age, universal for permanent residents living in Macau for the past seven years; indirect election limited to organizations registered as "corporate voters" (257 are currently registered) and a 300-member Election Committee drawn from broad regional groupings, municipal organizations, and central government bodies
Telephone system	general assessment: adequate, automatic domestic system and adequate international facilities domestic: automatic exchange facilities international: country code - 350; radiotelephone; microwave radio relay; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)	general assessment: fairly modern communication facilities maintained for domestic and international services domestic: NA international: country code - 853; HF radiotelephone communication facility; access to international communications carriers provided via Hong Kong and China; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use	24,512 (2002)	174,600 (2003)
Telephones - mobile cellular	9,797 (2002)	364,000 (2003)
Television broadcast stations	1 (plus three low-power repeaters) (1997)	1 (2003)
Terrain	a narrow coastal lowland borders the Rock of Gibraltar	generally flat
Total fertility rate	1.65 children born/woman (2006 est.)	0.93 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Unemployment rate	2% (2001 est.)	4.7% (3rd Quarter, 2004)

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