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Compare Djibouti (2001) - Svalbard (2005)

Compare Djibouti (2001) z Svalbard (2005)

 Djibouti (2001)Svalbard (2005)
 DjiboutiSvalbard
Administrative divisions 5 districts (cercles, singular - cercle); 'Ali Sabih, Dikhil, Djibouti, Obock, Tadjoura -
Age structure 0-14 years:
42.58% (male 98,314; female 97,859)

15-64 years:
54.58% (male 132,619; female 118,841)

65 years and over:
2.84% (male 6,787; female 6,280) (2001 est.)		 0-14 years: NA


15-64 years: NA


65 years and over: NA
Agriculture - products fruits, vegetables; goats, sheep, camels -
Airports 12 (2000 est.) 4 (2004 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total:
2

over 3,047 m:
1

2,438 to 3,047 m:
1 (2000 est.)		 total: 2


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1


914 to 1523 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
10

1,524 to 2,437 m:
2

914 to 1,523 m:
5

under 914 m:
3 (2000 est.)		 total: 2


under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Area total:
22,000 sq km

land:
21,980 sq km

water:
20 sq km		 total: 62,049 sq km


land: 62,049 sq km


water: 0 sq km


note: includes Spitsbergen and Bjornoya (Bear Island)
Area - comparative slightly smaller than Massachusetts slightly smaller than West Virginia
Background The French Territory of the Afars and the Issas became Djibouti in 1977. A peace accord in 1994 ended a three-year uprising by Afars rebels. First discovered by the Norwegians in the 12th century, the islands served as an international whaling base during the 17th and 18th centuries. Norway's sovereignty was recognized in 1920; five years later it officially took over the territory.
Birth rate 40.66 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) NA births/1,000 population
Budget revenues:
$133 million

expenditures:
$187 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1999 est.)		 revenues: $11.5 million


expenditures: $11.5 million, including capital expenditures of NA (1998 est.)
Capital Djibouti Longyearbyen
Climate desert; torrid, dry arctic, tempered by warm North Atlantic Current; cool summers, cold winters; North Atlantic Current flows along west and north coasts of Spitsbergen, keeping water open and navigable most of the year
Coastline 314 km 3,587 km
Constitution multiparty constitution approved by referendum 4 September 1992 -
Country name conventional long form:
Republic of Djibouti

conventional short form:
Djibouti

former:
French Territory of the Afars and Issas, French Somaliland		 conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Svalbard (sometimes referred to as Spitzbergen)
Currency Djiboutian franc (DJF) -
Death rate 14.66 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) NA deaths/1,000 population
Debt - external $356 million (1999 est.) -
Dependency status - territory of Norway; administered by the Polar Department of the Ministry of Justice, through a governor (sysselmann) residing in Longyearbyen, Spitsbergen; by treaty (9 February 1920) sovereignty was awarded to Norway
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Donald YAMAMOTO

embassy:
Plateau du Serpent, Boulevard Marechal Joffre, Djibouti

mailing address:
B. P. 185, Djibouti

telephone:
[253] 35 39 95

FAX:
[253] 35 39 40		 -
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission:
Ambassador ROBLE Olhaye Oudine

chancery:
Suite 515, 1156 15th Street NW, Washington, DC 20005

telephone:
[1] (202) 331-0270

FAX:
[1] (202) 331-0302		 -
Disputes - international none despite recent discussions, Russia and Norway dispute their maritime limits in the Barents Sea and Russia's fishing rights beyond Svalbard's territorial limits within the Svalbard Treaty zone
Economic aid - recipient $106.3 million (1995) $8.2 million from Norway (1998)
Economy - overview The economy is based on service activities connected with the country's strategic location and status as a free trade zone in northeast Africa. Two-thirds of the inhabitants live in the capital city, the remainder being mostly nomadic herders. Scanty rainfall limits crop production to fruits and vegetables, and most food must be imported. Djibouti provides services as both a transit port for the region and an international transshipment and refueling center. It has few natural resources and little industry. The nation is, therefore, heavily dependent on foreign assistance to help support its balance of payments and to finance development projects. An unemployment rate of 40% to 50% continues to be a major problem. Inflation is not a concern, however, because of the fixed tie of the franc to the US dollar. Per capita consumption dropped an estimated 35% over the last seven years because of recession, civil war, and a high population growth rate (including immigrants and refugees). Faced with a multitude of economic difficulties, the government has fallen in arrears on long-term external debt and has been struggling to meet the stipulations of foreign aid donors. The year 2001 will see only small growth as port activity should decrease now that Ethiopia has more trade route options. Coal mining is the major economic activity on Svalbard. The treaty of 9 February 1920 gives the 41 signatories equal rights to exploit mineral deposits, subject to Norwegian regulation. Although US, UK, Dutch, and Swedish coal companies have mined in the past, the only companies still mining are Norwegian and Russian. The settlements on Svalbard are essentially company towns. The Norwegian state-owned coal company employs nearly 60% of the Norwegian population on the island, runs many of the local services, and provides most of the local infrastructure. There is also some hunting of seal, reindeer, and fox.
Electricity - consumption 167.4 million kWh (1999) -
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (1999) -
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (1999) -
Electricity - production 180 million kWh (1999) -
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
100%

hydro:
0%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)		 -
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Lac Assal -155 m

highest point:
Moussa Ali 2,028 m		 lowest point: Arctic Ocean 0 m


highest point: Newtontoppen 1,717 m
Environment - current issues inadequate supplies of potable water; desertification NA
Environment - international agreements party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution

signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements		 -
Ethnic groups Somali 60%, Afar 35%, French, Arab, Ethiopian, and Italian 5% Norwegian 55.4%, Russian and Ukrainian 44.3%, other 0.3% (1998)
Exchange rates Djiboutian francs per US dollar - 177.721 (fixed rate since 1973) Norwegian kroner per US dollar - 6.7408 (2004), 7.0802 (2003), 7.9838 (2002), 8.9917 (2001), 8.8018 (2000)
Executive branch chief of state:
President GUELLEH Ismail Omar (since 8 May 1999);

head of government:
Prime Minister DILLEITA Mohamed Dilleita (since 4 March 2001)

cabinet:
Council of Ministers responsible to the president

elections:
president elected by popular vote for a six-year term; election last held 9 April 1999 (next to be held NA 2005); prime minister appointed by the president

election results:
GUELLEH Ismail Omar elected president; percent of vote - GUELLEH Ismail Omar 74.4%, IDRIS Moussa Ahmed 25.6%		 chief of state: King HARALD V of Norway (since 17 January 1991)


head of government: Governor Odd Olsen INGERO (since 8 June 2001) and Assistant Governor Rune Baard HANSEN (since NA)


elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor and assistant governor responsible to the Polar Department of the Ministry of Justice
Exports $260 million (f.o.b., 1999 est.) $NA
Exports - commodities reexports, hides and skins, coffee (in transit) -
Exports - partners Somalia 53%, Yemen 23%, Ethiopia 5%, (1998) -
Fiscal year calendar year -
Flag description two equal horizontal bands of light blue (top) and light green with a white isosceles triangle based on the hoist side bearing a red five-pointed star in the center the flag of Norway is used
GDP purchasing power parity - $574 million (2000 est.) -
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
3%

industry:
22%

services:
75% (1998 est.)		 -
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $1,300 (2000 est.) -
GDP - real growth rate 2% (2000 est.) NA%
Geographic coordinates 11 30 N, 43 00 E 78 00 N, 20 00 E
Geography - note strategic location near world's busiest shipping lanes and close to Arabian oilfields; terminus of rail traffic into Ethiopia; mostly wasteland northernmost part of the Kingdom of Norway; consists of nine main islands; glaciers and snowfields cover 60% of the total area
Highways total:
2,890 km

paved:
364 km

unpaved:
2,526 km (1996)		 total: NA km


paved: NA km


unpaved: NA km
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%		 -
Imports $440 million (f.o.b., 1999 est.) $NA
Imports - commodities foods, beverages, transport equipment, chemicals, petroleum products -
Imports - partners France 13%, Ethiopia 12%, Italy 9%, Saudi Arabia 6%, UK 6% (1998) -
Independence 27 June 1977 (from France) none (territory of Norway)
Industrial production growth rate 3% (1996 est.) -
Industries limited to a few small-scale enterprises, such as dairy products and mineral-water bottling -
Infant mortality rate 101.51 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) total: NA


male: NA


female: NA
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2% (2000 est.) -
International organization participation ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AFESD, AL, AMF, ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), Interpol, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WToO, WTrO none
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 1 (2000) -
Irrigated land NA sq km NA sq km
Judicial branch Supreme Court or Cour Supreme -
Labor force 282,000 NA
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 75%, industry 11%, services 14% (1991 est.) -
Land boundaries total:
508 km

border countries:
Eritrea 113 km, Ethiopia 337 km, Somalia 58 km		 0 km
Land use arable land:
0%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
9%

forests and woodland:
0%

other:
91% (1993 est.)		 arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (no trees, and the only bushes are crowberry and cloudberry) (2001)
Languages French (official), Arabic (official), Somali, Afar Norwegian, Russian
Legal system based on French civil law system, traditional practices, and Islamic law NA
Legislative branch unicameral Chamber of Deputies or Chambre des Deputes (65 seats; members elected by popular vote for five-year terms)

elections:
last held 19 December 1997 (next to be held NA 2002)

election results:
percent of vote - NA%; seats - RPP 65; note - RPP (the ruling party) dominated the election		 -
Life expectancy at birth total population:
51.21 years

male:
49.37 years

female:
53.1 years (2001 est.)		 total population: NA years


male: NA years


female: NA years
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
46.2%

male:
60.3%

female:
32.7% (1995 est.)		 NA
Location Eastern Africa, bordering the Gulf of Aden and the Red Sea, between Eritrea and Somalia Northern Europe, islands between the Arctic Ocean, Barents Sea, Greenland Sea, and Norwegian Sea, north of Norway
Map references Africa Arctic Region
Maritime claims contiguous zone:
24 NM

exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM		 territorial sea: 4 nm


exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm unilaterally claimed by Norway but not recognized by Russia
Merchant marine total:
1 ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,369 GRT/3,030 DWT

ships by type:
cargo 1 (2000 est.)		 -
Military - note - demilitarized by treaty on 9 February 1920
Military branches Djibouti National Army (includes Navy and Air Force) -
Military expenditures - dollar figure $23 million (FY97) -
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 4.5% (FY97) -
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49:
108,038 (2001 est.)		 -
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49:
63,589 (2001 est.)		 -
National holiday Independence Day, 27 June (1977) NA
Nationality noun:
Djiboutian(s)

adjective:
Djiboutian		 -
Natural hazards earthquakes; droughts; occasional cyclonic disturbances from the Indian Ocean bring heavy rains and flash floods ice floes often block the entrance to Bellsund (a transit point for coal export) on the west coast and occasionally make parts of the northeastern coast inaccessible to maritime traffic
Natural resources geothermal areas coal, iron ore, copper, zinc, phosphate, wildlife, fish
Net migration rate 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) NA migrant(s)/1,000 population
Political parties and leaders Democratic National Party or PND [ADEN Robleh Awaleh]; Democratic Renewal Party or PRD [Abdillahi HAMARITEH]; People's Progress Assembly or RPP (governing party) [Ismail Omar GELLEH] -
Political pressure groups and leaders Front for the Restoration of Unity and Democracy or FRUD and affiliates; Movement for Unity and Democracy or MUD -
Population 460,700 (July 2001 est.) 2,701 (July 2005 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% -
Population growth rate 2.6% (2001 est.) -0.02% (2005 est.)
Ports and harbors Djibouti Barentsburg, Longyearbyen, Ny-Alesund, Pyramiden
Radio broadcast stations AM 2, FM 2, shortwave 0 (1998) AM 1, FM 1 (plus 2 repeaters), shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios 52,000 (1997) -
Railways total:
100 km (Djibouti segment of the Addis Ababa-Djibouti railroad)

narrow gauge:
100 km 1.000-m gauge

note:
Djibouti and Ethiopia plan to revitalize the century-old railroad that links their capitals by 2003		 -
Religions Muslim 94%, Christian 6% -
Sex ratio at birth:
1.03 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1.12 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
1.08 male(s)/female

total population:
1.07 male(s)/female (2001 est.)		 NA%
Suffrage NA years of age; universal adult -
Telephone system general assessment:
telephone facilities in the city of Djibouti are adequate as are the microwave radio relay connections to outlying areas of the country

domestic:
microwave radio relay network

international:
submarine cable to Jiddah, Suez, Sicily, Marseilles, Colombo, and Singapore; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) and 1 Arabsat; Medarabtel regional microwave radio relay telephone network		 general assessment: probably adequate


domestic: local telephone service


international: country code - 47-790; satellite earth station - 1 of unknown type (for communication with Norwegian mainland only)
Telephones - main lines in use 8,000 (1997) NA
Telephones - mobile cellular 203 (1997) NA
Television broadcast stations 1 (plus 5 low-power repeaters) (1998) NA
Terrain coastal plain and plateau separated by central mountains wild, rugged mountains; much of high land ice covered; west coast clear of ice about one-half of the year; fjords along west and north coasts
Total fertility rate 5.72 children born/woman (2001 est.) NA children born/woman
Unemployment rate 50% (2000 est.) -
Waterways none -
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