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Compare Cambodia (2001) - Mauritius (2004)

Compare Cambodia (2001) z Mauritius (2004)

 Cambodia (2001)Mauritius (2004)
 CambodiaMauritius
Administrative divisions 20 provinces (khett, singular and plural) and 4 municipalities* (krong, singular and plural); Banteay Mean Cheay, Batdambang, Kampong Cham, Kampong Chhnang, Kampong Spoe, Kampong Thum, Kampot, Kandal, Kaoh Kong, Keb*, Kracheh, Mondol Kiri, Otdar Mean Cheay, Pailin*, Phnum Penh*, Pouthisat, Preah Seihanu* (Sihanoukville), Preah Vihear, Prey Veng, Rotanah Kiri, Siem Reab, Stoeng Treng, Svay Rieng, Takev 9 districts and 3 dependencies*; Agalega Islands*, Black River, Cargados Carajos Shoals*, Flacq, Grand Port, Moka, Pamplemousses, Plaines Wilhems, Port Louis, Riviere du Rempart, Rodrigues*, Savanne
Age structure 0-14 years:
41.25% (male 2,626,821; female 2,526,510)

15-64 years:
55.28% (male 3,253,611; female 3,651,129)

65 years and over:
3.47% (male 177,577; female 255,853) (2001 est.)
0-14 years: 24.8% (male 152,424; female 149,908)


15-64 years: 68.8% (male 418,836; female 420,411)


65 years and over: 6.5% (male 31,104; female 47,798) (2004 est.)
Agriculture - products rice, rubber, corn, vegetables sugarcane, tea, corn, potatoes, bananas, pulses; cattle, goats; fish
Airports 19 (2000 est.) 5 (2003 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total:
6

2,438 to 3,047 m:
2

1,524 to 2,437 m:
2

914 to 1,523 m:
2 (2000 est.)
total: 2


over 3,047 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
13

1,524 to 2,437 m:
2

914 to 1,523 m:
11 (2000 est.)
total: 4


914 to 1,523 m: 2


under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Area total:
181,040 sq km

land:
176,520 sq km

water:
4,520 sq km
total: 2,040 sq km


land: 2,030 sq km


water: 10 sq km


note: includes Agalega Islands, Cargados Carajos Shoals (Saint Brandon), and Rodrigues
Area - comparative slightly smaller than Oklahoma almost 11 times the size of Washington, DC
Background Following a five-year struggle, communist Khmer Rouge forces captured Phnom Penh in 1975 and ordered the evacuation of all cities and towns; over 1 million displaced people died from execution or enforced hardships. A 1978 Vietnamese invasion drove the Khmer Rouge into the countryside and touched off 13 years of fighting. UN-sponsored elections in 1993 helped restore some semblance of normalcy, as did the rapid diminishment of the Khmer Rouge in the mid-1990s. A coalition government, formed after national elections in 1998, brought renewed political stability and the surrender of remaining Khmer Rouge forces. Discovered by the Portuguese in 1505, Mauritius was subsequently held by the Dutch, French, and British before independence was attained in 1968. A stable democracy with regular free elections and a positive human rights record, the country has attracted considerable foreign investment and has earned one of Africa's highest per capita incomes. Recent poor weather and declining sugar prices have slowed economic growth, leading to some protests over standards of living in the Creole community.
Birth rate 33.16 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) 15.85 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Budget revenues:
$363 million

expenditures:
$532 million, including capital expenditures of $225 million (2000 est.)
revenues: $1.122 billion


expenditures: $1.461 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2003)
Capital Phnom Penh Port Louis
Climate tropical; rainy, monsoon season (May to November); dry season (December to April); little seasonal temperature variation tropical, modified by southeast trade winds; warm, dry winter (May to November); hot, wet, humid summer (November to May)
Coastline 443 km 177 km
Constitution promulgated 21 September 1993 12 March 1968; amended 12 March 1992
Country name conventional long form:
Kingdom of Cambodia

conventional short form:
Cambodia

local long form:
Preahreacheanachakr Kampuchea

local short form:
Kampuchea

former:
Khmer Republic, Kampuchea Republic
conventional long form: Republic of Mauritius


conventional short form: Mauritius
Currency riel (KHR) Mauritian rupee (MUR)
Death rate 10.65 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) 6.82 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Debt - external $829 million (1999 est.) $1.75 billion (2003 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Kent M. WIEDEMANN

embassy:
16-18 Mongkol lem St. 228, Phnom Penh

mailing address:
Box P, APO AP 96546

telephone:
[855] (23) 216-436

FAX:
[855] (23) 216-437
chief of mission: Ambassador John PRICE


embassy: 4th Floor, Rogers House, John Kennedy Street, Port Louis


mailing address: international mail: P. O. Box 544, Port Louis; US mail: American Embassy, Port Louis, Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-2450


telephone: [230] 202-4400


FAX: [230] 208-9534
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Roland ENG

chancery:
4500 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20011

telephone:
[1] (202) 726-7742

FAX:
[1] (202) 726-8381
chief of mission: Ambassador Usha JEETAH


chancery: 4301 Connecticut Avenue NW, Suite 441, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 244-1491, 1492


FAX: [1] (202) 966-0983
Disputes - international portions of boundary with Vietnam are disputed; parts of border with Thailand are indefinite Mauritius claims the Chagos Archipelago (UK-administered British Indian Ocean Territory), and its former inhabitants, who reside chiefly in Mauritius, were granted UK citizenship and the right to repatriation in 2001; claims French-administered Tromelin Island
Economic aid - recipient $548 million pledged in grants and concessional loans for 2001 by international donors $42 million (1997)
Economy - overview Cambodia's economy slowed dramatically in 1997-98 due to the regional economic crisis, civil violence, and political infighting. Foreign investment and tourism fell off. In 1999, the first full year of peace in 30 years, progress was made on economic reforms and growth resumed at 4%. GDP growth for 2000 had been projected to reach 5.5%, but the worst flooding in 70 years severely damaged agricultural crops, and high oil prices hurt industrial production, and growth for the year is estimated at only 4%. Tourism is Cambodia's fastest growing industry, with arrivals up 34% in 2000. The long-term development of the economy after decades of war remains a daunting challenge. The population lacks education and productive skills, particularly in the poverty-ridden countryside, which suffers from an almost total lack of basic infrastructure. Fear of renewed political instability and corruption within the government discourage foreign investment and delay foreign aid. On the brighter side, the government is addressing these issues with assistance from bilateral and multilateral donors. Since independence in 1968, Mauritius has developed from a low-income, agriculturally based economy to a middle-income diversified economy with growing industrial, financial, and tourist sectors. For most of the period, annual growth has been in the order of 5% to 6%. This remarkable achievement has been reflected in more equitable income distribution, increased life expectancy, lowered infant mortality, and a much-improved infrastructure. Sugarcane is grown on about 90% of the cultivated land area and accounts for 25% of export earnings. The government's development strategy centers on expanding local financial institutions and building a domestic information telecommunications industry. Mauritius has attracted more than 9,000 offshore entities, many aimed at commerce in India and South Africa, and investment in the banking sector alone has reached over $1 billion. Mauritius, with its strong textile sector and responsible fiscal management, has been well poised to take advantage of the Africa Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA).
Electricity - consumption 136.7 million kWh (1999) 1.219 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (1999) 0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (1999) 0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - production 147 million kWh (1999) 1.311 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
59.18%

hydro:
40.82%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
-
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Gulf of Thailand 0 m

highest point:
Phnum Aoral 1,810 m
lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m


highest point: Mont Piton 828 m
Environment - current issues illegal logging activities throughout the country and strip mining for gems in the western region along the border with Thailand have resulted in habitat loss and declining biodiversity (in particular, destruction of mangrove swamps threatens natural fisheries); soil erosion; in rural areas, a majority of the population does not have access to potable water; toxic waste delivery from Taiwan sparked unrest in Kampong Saom (Sihanoukville) in December 1998 water pollution, degradation of coral reefs
Environment - international agreements party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Marine Life Conservation, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups Khmer 90%, Vietnamese 5%, Chinese 1%, other 4% Indo-Mauritian 68%, Creole 27%, Sino-Mauritian 3%, Franco-Mauritian 2%
Exchange rates riels per US dollar - 3,909.0 (January 2001), 3,840.8 (2000), 3,807.8 (1999), 3,744.4 (1998), 2,946.3 (1997), 2,624.1 (1996) Mauritian rupees per US dollar - 27.9015 (2003), 29.962 (2002), 29.1293 (2001), 26.2496 (2000), 25.1858 (1999)
Executive branch chief of state:
King Norodom SIHANOUK (reinstated 24 September 1993)

head of government:
Prime Minister HUN SEN (since 30 November 1998)

cabinet:
Council of Ministers appointed by the monarch

elections:
none; the monarch is chosen by a Royal Throne Council; prime minister appointed by the monarch after a vote of confidence by the National Assembly
chief of state: President Sir Anerood JUGNAUTH (since 7 October 2003) and Vice President Abdool Raouf BUNDHUN (since 25 February 2002)


head of government: Prime Minister Paul BERENGER (since 30 September 2003)


cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister


elections: president and vice president elected by the National Assembly for five-year terms; election last held 25 February 2002 (next to be held NA 2007); prime minister and deputy prime minister appointed by the president, responsible to the National Assembly


election results: Karl OFFMANN elected president and Raouf BUNDHUN elected vice president; percent of vote by the National Assembly - NA; note - Karl OFFMANN stepped down on 30 September 2003
Exports $942 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.) NA (2001)
Exports - commodities timber, garments, rubber, rice, fish clothing and textiles, sugar, cut flowers, molasses
Exports - partners Vietnam 18%, Thailand 15%, US 10%, Singapore 8%, China 5% (1997) UK 31%, France 21.3%, US 17.6%, Madagascar 6.3% (2003)
Fiscal year calendar year 1 July - 30 June
Flag description three horizontal bands of blue (top), red (double width), and blue with a white three-towered temple representing Angkor Wat outlined in black in the center of the red band four equal horizontal bands of red (top), blue, yellow, and green
GDP purchasing power parity - $16.1 billion (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $13.85 billion (2003 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
43%

industry:
20%

services:
37% (1998 est.)
agriculture: 6.1%


industry: 30.3%


services: 63.6% (2003 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $1,300 (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $11,400 (2003 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 4% (2000 est.) 4.1% (2003 est.)
Geographic coordinates 13 00 N, 105 00 E 20 17 S, 57 33 E
Geography - note a land of paddies and forests dominated by the Mekong River and Tonle Sap the main island, from which the country derives its name, is of volcanic origin and is almost entirely surrounded by coral reefs
Heliports 3 (2000 est.) -
Highways total:
35,769 km

paved:
4,165 km

unpaved:
31,604 km (1997)
total: 1,926 km


paved: 1,868 km (including 44 km of expressways)


unpaved: 58 km (2000)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
2.9%

highest 10%:
33.8% (1997)
lowest 10%: NA


highest 10%: NA
Illicit drugs possible money laundering; narcotics-related corruption reportedly involving some in the government, military, and police; possible small-scale opium, heroin, and amphetamine production; large producer of cannabis for the international market minor consumer and transshipment point for heroin from South Asia; small amounts of cannabis produced and consumed locally; significant offshore financial industry creates potential for money laundering, but corruption levels are relatively low and the government appears generally to be committed to regulating its banking industry
Imports $1.3 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.) NA (2001)
Imports - commodities cigarettes, gold, construction materials, petroleum products, machinery, motor vehicles manufactured goods, capital equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum products, chemicals
Imports - partners Thailand 16%, Vietnam 9%, Japan 7%, Hong Kong 5%, China 5% (1997) South Africa 12.1%, France 12%, China 8.4%, India 8.2% (2003)
Independence 9 November 1953 (from France) 12 March 1968 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate NA% 8% (2000 est.)
Industries garments, tourism, rice milling, fishing, wood and wood products, rubber, cement, gem mining, textiles food processing (largely sugar milling), textiles, clothing; chemicals, metal products, transport equipment, nonelectrical machinery; tourism
Infant mortality rate 65.41 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) total: 15.57 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 18.36 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 12.73 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 1.6% (2000 est.) 4.2% (2003 est.)
International organization participation ACCT, ARF, AsDB, ASEAN, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO (subscriber), ITU, NAM, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO (observer) ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, C, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, InOC, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OPCW, PCA, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIK, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 2 (2000) -
Irrigated land 920 sq km (1993 est.) 200 sq km (2000 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Council of the Magistracy (provided for in the constitution and formed in December 1997); Supreme Court (and lower courts) exercises judicial authority Supreme Court
Labor force 6 million (1998 est.) 560,000 (2003)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 80% (1999 est.) agriculture and fishing 14%, construction and industry 36%, transportation and communication 7%, trade, restaurants, hotels 16%, finance 3%, other services 24% (1995)
Land boundaries total:
2,572 km

border countries:
Laos 541 km, Thailand 803 km, Vietnam 1,228 km
0 km
Land use arable land:
13%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
11%

forests and woodland:
66%

other:
10% (1993 est.)
arable land: 49.26%


permanent crops: 2.96%


other: 47.78% (2001)
Languages Khmer (official) 95%, French, English English (official), Creole, French (official), Hindi, Urdu, Hakka, Bhojpuri
Legal system primarily a civil law mixture of French-influenced codes from the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) period, royal decrees, and acts of the legislature, with influences of customary law and remnants of communist legal theory; increasing influence of common law in recent years based on French civil law system with elements of English common law in certain areas
Legislative branch bicameral consists of the National Assembly (122 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) and the Senate (61 seats; two members appointed by the monarch, two elected by the National Assembly, and 57 elected by "functional constituencies"; members serve five-year terms

elections:
National Assembly - last held 26 July 1998 (next to be held NA 2003); Senate - last held 2 March 1999 (next to be held NA 2004)

election results:
National Assembly - percent of vote by party - CPP 41%, FUNCINPEC 32%, SRP 14%, other 13%; seats by party - CPP 64, FUNCINPEC 43, SRP 15; Senate - seats by party - CPP 31, FUNCINPEC 21, SRP 7
unicameral National Assembly (66 seats; 62 elected by popular vote, 4 appointed by the election commission from the losing political parties to give representation to various ethnic minorities; members serve five-year terms)


elections: last held on 11 September 2000 (next to be held NA September 2004)


election results: percent of vote by party - MSM/MMM 52.3%, MLP/PMSD 36.9%, OPR 10.8%; seats by party - MSM/MMM 54, MLP/PMSD 6, OPR 2
Life expectancy at birth total population:
56.82 years

male:
54.62 years

female:
59.12 years (2001 est.)
total population: 72.09 years


male: 68.11 years


female: 76.13 years (2004 est.)
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
35%

male:
48%

female:
22% (1990 est.)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 85.6%


male: 88.6%


female: 82.7% (2003 est.)
Location Southeastern Asia, bordering the Gulf of Thailand, between Thailand, Vietnam, and Laos Southern Africa, island in the Indian Ocean, east of Madagascar
Map references Southeast Asia Political Map of the World
Maritime claims contiguous zone:
24 NM

continental shelf:
200 NM

exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
territorial sea: 12 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm


continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin
Merchant marine total:
295 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,305,932 GRT/1,853,487 DWT

ships by type:
bulk 22, cargo 237, chemical tanker 1, combination bulk 3, container 8, liquefied gas 1, livestock carrier 2, multi-functional large-load carrier 1, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 7, refrigerated cargo 6, roll on/roll off 5, short-sea passenger 1

note:
includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Cyprus 3, South Korea 1, Malta 1, Panama 1, Russia 1, Singapore 1 (2000 est.)
total: 8 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 22,946 GRT/27,102 DWT


by type: cargo 1, combination bulk 4, passenger/cargo 1, refrigerated cargo 2


foreign-owned: Belgium 1, India 4, Switzerland 2 (2004 est.)
Military branches Royal Cambodian Armed Forces (RCAF), including Army, Navy, and Air Force - created in 1993 by the merger of the Cambodian People's Armed Forces and the two noncommunist resistance armies

note:
Khmer Rouge and royalist insurgent forces were integrated into the RCAF in 1999
National Police Force (includes the paramilitary Special Mobile Force or SMF and National Coast Guard)
Military expenditures - dollar figure $112 million (FY01 est.) $11.2 million (2003)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 3% (FY01 est.) 0.2% (2003)
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49:
2,877,137 (2001 est.)
males age 15-49: 342,482 (2004 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49:
1,610,761 (2001 est.)
males age 15-49: 172,157 (2004 est.)
Military manpower - military age 18 years of age -
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males:
162,643 (2001 est.)
-
National holiday Independence Day, 9 November (1953) Independence Day, 12 March (1968)
Nationality noun:
Cambodian(s)

adjective:
Cambodian
noun: Mauritian(s)


adjective: Mauritian
Natural hazards monsoonal rains (June to November); flooding; occasional droughts cyclones (November to April); almost completely surrounded by reefs that may pose maritime hazards
Natural resources timber, gemstones, some iron ore, manganese, phosphates, hydropower potential arable land, fish
Net migration rate 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) -0.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Political parties and leaders Buddhist Liberal Party or BLP [IENG MOULY]; Cambodian Pracheachon Party or Cambodian People's Party or CPP [CHEA SIM]; Khmer Citizen Party or KCP [NGUON SOEUR]; National United Front for an Independent, Neutral, Peaceful, and Cooperative Cambodia or FUNCINPEC [Prince NORODOM RANARIDDH]; Sam Rangsi Party or SRP (formerly Khmer Nation Party or KNP) [SAM RANGSI] Hizbullah [Cehl Mohamed FAKEEMEEAH]; Mauritian Labor Party or MLP [Navinchandra RAMGOOLAM]; Mauritian Militant Movement or MMM [Paul BERENGER] - in coalition with MSM; Mauritian Social Democrat Party or PMSD [Charles Xavier-Luc DUVAL]; Militant Socialist Movement or MSM [Pravind JUGNAUTH] - governing party; Rodrigues Movement or MR [Joseph (Nicholas) Von MALLY]; Rodrigues Peoples Organization or OPR [Serge CLAIR]
Political pressure groups and leaders NA various labor unions
Population 12,491,501

note:
estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2001 est.)
1,220,481 (July 2004 est.)
Population below poverty line 36% (1997 est.) 10% (2001 est.)
Population growth rate 2.25% (2001 est.) 0.81% (2004 est.)
Ports and harbors Kampong Saom (Sihanoukville), Kampot, Krong Kaoh Kong, Phnom Penh Port Louis
Radio broadcast stations AM 7, FM 3, shortwave 3 (1999) AM 4, FM 9, shortwave 0 (2002)
Radios 1.34 million (1997) -
Railways total:
603 km

narrow gauge:
603 km 1.000-m gauge
-
Religions Theravada Buddhist 95%, other 5% Hindu 52%, Christian 28.3% (Roman Catholic 26%, Protestant 2.3%), Muslim 16.6%, other 3.1%
Sex ratio at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.04 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.89 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.69 male(s)/female

total population:
0.94 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
at birth: 1.02 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.65 male(s)/female


total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2004 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment:
adequate landline and/or cellular service in Phnom Penh and other provincial cities; rural areas have little telephone service

domestic:
NA

international:
adequate but expensive landline and cellular service available to all countries from Phnom Penh and major provincial cities; satellite earth station - 1 Intersputnik (Indian Ocean region)
general assessment: small system with good service


domestic: primarily microwave radio relay trunk system


international: country code - 230; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean); new microwave link to Reunion; HF radiotelephone links to several countries; fiber optic submarine cable (SAT-3/WASC/SAFE) provides connectivity to Europe and Asia
Telephones - main lines in use 21,800 (mid-1998) 348,200 (2003)
Telephones - mobile cellular 80,000 (2000) 462,400 (2003)
Television broadcast stations 5 (1999) 2 (plus several repeaters) (1997)
Terrain mostly low, flat plains; mountains in southwest and north small coastal plain rising to discontinuous mountains encircling central plateau
Total fertility rate 4.74 children born/woman (2001 est.) 1.97 children born/woman (2004 est.)
Unemployment rate 2.8% (1999 est.) 9.8% (2003 est.)
Waterways 3,700 km

note:
navigable all year to craft drawing 0.6 m or less; 282 km navigable to craft drawing as much as 1.8 m
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