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Compare Bhutan (2008) - Senegal (2004)

Compare Bhutan (2008) z Senegal (2004)

 Bhutan (2008)Senegal (2004)
 BhutanSenegal
Administrative divisions 20 districts (dzongkhag, singular and plural); Bumthang, Chhukha, Chirang, Daga, Gasa, Geylegphug, Ha, Lhuntshi, Mongar, Paro, Pemagatsel, Punakha, Samchi, Samdrup Jongkhar, Shemgang, Tashigang, Tashi Yangtse, Thimphu, Tongsa, Wangdi Phodrang 11 regions (regions, singular - region); Dakar, Diourbel, Fatick, Kaolack, Kolda, Louga, Matam, Saint-Louis, Tambacounda, Thies, Ziguinchor
Age structure 0-14 years: 38.6% (male 465,340/female 433,184)


15-64 years: 57.4% (male 688,428/female 647,134)


65 years and over: 4% (male 47,123/female 46,640) (2007 est.)
0-14 years: 43.2% (male 2,368,011; female 2,325,298)


15-64 years: 53.7% (male 2,803,192; female 3,025,304)


65 years and over: 3% (male 158,881; female 171,461) (2004 est.)
Agriculture - products rice, corn, root crops, citrus, foodgrains; dairy products, eggs peanuts, millet, corn, sorghum, rice, cotton, tomatoes, green vegetables; cattle, poultry, pigs; fish
Airports 2 (2007) 20 (2003 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2007)
total: 9


over 3,047 m: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 6


914 to 1,523 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2007)
total: 11


1,524 to 2,437 m: 6


914 to 1,523 m: 4


under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Area total: 47,000 sq km


land: 47,000 sq km


water: 0 sq km
total: 196,190 sq km


land: 192,000 sq km


water: 4,190 sq km
Area - comparative about half the size of Indiana slightly smaller than South Dakota
Background In 1865, Britain and Bhutan signed the Treaty of Sinchulu, under which Bhutan would receive an annual subsidy in exchange for ceding some border land to British India. Under British influence, a monarchy was set up in 1907; three years later, a treaty was signed whereby the British agreed not to interfere in Bhutanese internal affairs and Bhutan allowed Britain to direct its foreign affairs. This role was assumed by independent India after 1947. Two years later, a formal Indo-Bhutanese accord returned the areas of Bhutan annexed by the British, formalized the annual subsidies the country received, and defined India's responsibilities in defense and foreign relations. A refugee issue of some 100,000 Bhutanese in Nepal remains unresolved; 90% of the refugees are housed in seven United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) camps. In March 2005, King Jigme Singye WANGCHUCK unveiled the government's draft constitution - which would introduce major democratic reforms - and pledged to hold a national referendum for its approval. In December 2006, the King abdicated the throne to his son, Jigme Khesar Namgyel WANGCHUCK, in order to give him experience as head of state before the democratic transition. In early 2007, India and Bhutan renegotiated their treaty to allow Bhutan greater autonomy in conducting its foreign policy, although Thimphu continues to coordinate policy decisions in this area with New Delhi. In July 2007, seven ministers of Bhutan's ten-member cabinet resigned to join the political process, leaving the remaining cabinet to act as a caretaker regime until a new government assumes power following parliamentary elections. Bhutan will complete its transition to full democracy in 2008, when its first fully democratic elections to a new parliament - expected to be completed by March 2008 - and a concomitant referendum on the draft constitution will take place. Independent from France in 1960, Senegal joined with The Gambia to form the nominal confederation of Senegambia in 1982. However, the envisaged integration of the two countries was never carried out, and the union was dissolved in 1989. Despite peace talks, a southern separatist group sporadically has clashed with government forces since 1982. Senegal has a long history of participating in international peacekeeping.
Birth rate 33.28 births/1,000 population (2007 est.) 35.72 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Budget revenues: $272 million


expenditures: $350 million


note: the government of India finances nearly three-fifths of Bhutan's budget expenditures (2005)
revenues: $1.304 billion


expenditures: $1.367 billion, including capital expenditures of $357 million (2003 est.)
Capital name: Thimphu


geographic coordinates: 27 29 N, 89 36 E


time difference: UTC+6 (11 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Dakar
Climate varies; tropical in southern plains; cool winters and hot summers in central valleys; severe winters and cool summers in Himalayas tropical; hot, humid; rainy season (May to November) has strong southeast winds; dry season (December to April) dominated by hot, dry, harmattan wind
Coastline 0 km (landlocked) 531 km
Constitution none; note - a draft constitution was unveiled in March 2005 and is expected to be adopted following the election of a new National Assembly in 2008 a new constitution was adopted 7 January 2001
Country name conventional long form: Kingdom of Bhutan


conventional short form: Bhutan


local long form: Druk Gyalkhap


local short form: Druk Yul
conventional long form: Republic of Senegal


conventional short form: Senegal


local long form: Republique du Senegal


local short form: Senegal
Currency - Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States
Death rate 12.46 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.) 10.74 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Debt - external $593 million (2004) $3.009 billion (2003 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US the US and Bhutan have no formal diplomatic relations, although informal contact is maintained between the Bhutanese and US Embassy in New Delhi (India) chief of mission: Ambassador Richard Alan ROTH


embassy: Avenue Jean XXIII at the corner of Rue Kleber, Dakar


mailing address: B. P. 49, Dakar


telephone: [221] 823-4296


FAX: [221] 822-2991
Diplomatic representation in the US none; note - the Permanent Mission to the UN for Bhutan has consular jurisdiction in the US; address: 763 First Avenue, New York, NY 10017; telephone [1] (212) 682-2268; FAX [1] (212) 661-0551


consulate(s) general: New York
chief of mission: Ambassador Amadou Lamine BA


chancery: 2112 Wyoming Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 234-0540


FAX: [1] (202) 332-6315


consulate(s) general: New York
Disputes - international over 100,000 Bhutanese Lhotshampas (Hindus) have been confined in seven UN Office of the High Commissioner for Refugees camps since 1990; Bhutan cooperates with India to expel Indian Nagaland separatists; lacking any treaty describing the boundary, Bhutan and China continue negotiations to establish a boundary alignment to resolve substantial cartographic discrepancies, the largest of which lies in Bhutan's northwest The Gambia and Guinea-Bissau attempt to stem refugees, cross border raids, arms smuggling, and political instability from a separatist movement in Senegal's Casamance region
Economic aid - recipient $90.02 million; note - substantial aid from India (2005) $362.6 million (2002 est.)
Economy - overview The economy, one of the world's smallest and least developed, is based on agriculture and forestry, which provide the main livelihood for more than 60% of the population. Agriculture consists largely of subsistence farming and animal husbandry. Rugged mountains dominate the terrain and make the building of roads and other infrastructure difficult and expensive. The economy is closely aligned with India's through strong trade and monetary links and dependence on India's financial assistance. The industrial sector is technologically backward, with most production of the cottage industry type. Most development projects, such as road construction, rely on Indian migrant labor. Model education, social, and environment programs are underway with support from multilateral development organizations. Each economic program takes into account the government's desire to protect the country's environment and cultural traditions. For example, the government, in its cautious expansion of the tourist sector, encourages visits by upscale, environmentally conscientious tourists. Detailed controls and uncertain policies in areas such as industrial licensing, trade, labor, and finance continue to hamper foreign investment. Hydropower exports to India drove GDP growth to over 20% in 2007 In January 1994, Senegal undertook a bold and ambitious economic reform program with the support of the international donor community. This reform began with a 50% devaluation of Senegal's currency, the CFA franc, which was linked at a fixed rate to the French franc. Government price controls and subsidies have been steadily dismantled. After seeing its economy contract by 2.1% in 1993, Senegal made an important turnaround, thanks to the reform program, with real growth in GDP averaging 5% annually during 1995-2003. Annual inflation had been pushed down to the low single digits. As a member of the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU), Senegal is working toward greater regional integration with a unified external tariff. Senegal also realized full Internet connectivity in 1996, creating a miniboom in information technology-based services. Private activity now accounts for 82% of GDP. On the negative side, Senegal faces deep-seated urban problems of chronic unemployment, trade union militancy, juvenile delinquency, and drug addiction.
Electricity - consumption 380 million kWh (2005) 1.412 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports 1.5 billion kWh (2005) 0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports 20 million kWh (2005) 0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - production 2 billion kWh (2005) 1.518 billion kWh (2001)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Drangme Chhu 97 m


highest point: Kula Kangri 7,553 m
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m


highest point: unnamed feature near Nepen Diakha 581 m
Environment - current issues soil erosion; limited access to potable water wildlife populations threatened by poaching; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification; overfishing
Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes


signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling
Ethnic groups Bhote 50%, ethnic Nepalese 35% (includes Lhotsampas - one of several Nepalese ethnic groups), indigenous or migrant tribes 15% Wolof 43.3%, Pular 23.8%, Serer 14.7%, Jola 3.7%, Mandinka 3%, Soninke 1.1%, European and Lebanese 1%, other 9.4%
Exchange rates ngultrum per US dollar - NA (2007), 45.279 (2006), 44.101 (2005), 45.317 (2004), 46.583 (2003)


note: the ngultrum is pegged to the Indian rupee
Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - 581.2 (2003), 696.988 (2002), 733.039 (2001), 711.976 (2000), 615.699 (1999)
Executive branch chief of state: King Jigme Khesar Namgyel WANGCHUCK (since 14 December 2006); note - King Jigme Singye WANGCHUCK abdicated the throne on 14 December 2006 and his son immediately succeeded him


head of government: Prime Minister Kinzang DORJI (since August 2007)


cabinet: Council of Ministers (Lhengye Shungtsog) nominated by the monarch, approved by the National Assembly; members serve fixed, five-year terms; note - there is also a Royal Advisory Council (Lodoi Tsokde), members nominated by the monarch


elections: none; the monarch is hereditary, but democratic reforms in July 1998 grant the National Assembly authority to remove the monarch with two-thirds vote; election of a new National Assembly is expected in 2008
chief of state: President Abdoulaye WADE (since 1 April 2000)


head of government: Prime Minister Macky SALL (since 21 April 2004)


cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister in consultation with the president


elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term under new constitution; election last held 27 February and 19 March 2000 (next to be held 27 February 2005); prime minister appointed by the president


election results: Abdoulaye WADE elected president; percent of vote in the second round of voting - Abdoulaye WADE (PDS) 58.49%, Abdou DIOUF (PS) 41.51%
Exports 0 bbl/day (2004) NA (2001)
Exports - commodities electricity (to India), cardamom, gypsum, timber, handicrafts, cement, fruit, precious stones, spices fish, groundnuts (peanuts), petroleum products, phosphates, cotton
Exports - partners India 54.5%, Hong Kong 34.6%, Bangladesh 6.9% (2006) India 13%, France 12.2%, Mali 9.5%, Italy 8.5%, Cote d'Ivoire 5.4%, Spain 5% (2003)
Fiscal year 1 July - 30 June calendar year
Flag description divided diagonally from the lower hoist side corner; the upper triangle is yellow and the lower triangle is orange; centered along the dividing line is a large black and white dragon facing away from the hoist side three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), yellow, and red with a small green five-pointed star centered in the yellow band; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia
GDP - purchasing power parity - $17.09 billion (2003 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 24.7%


industry: 37.2%


services: 38.1% (2005)
agriculture: 16.8%


industry: 27.2%


services: 56% (2003 est.)
GDP - per capita - purchasing power parity - $1,600 (2003 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 8.8% (2005 est.) 5.5% (2003 est.)
Geographic coordinates 27 30 N, 90 30 E 14 00 N, 14 00 W
Geography - note landlocked; strategic location between China and India; controls several key Himalayan mountain passes westernmost country on the African continent; The Gambia is almost an enclave within Senegal
Highways - total: 14,576 km


paved: 4,271 km including 7 km of expressways


unpaved: 10,305 km (2000)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
lowest 10%: 2.6%


highest 10%: 33.5% (1995)
Illicit drugs - transshipment point for Southwest and Southeast Asian heroin moving to Europe and North America; illicit cultivator of cannabis
Imports 1,138 bbl/day (2004) NA (2001)
Imports - commodities fuel and lubricants, grain, aircraft, machinery and parts, vehicles, fabrics, rice foods and beverages, capital goods, fuels
Imports - partners India 76%, Japan 5.5%, Germany 3.2% (2006) France 24.9%, Nigeria 12.2%, Thailand 6.7%, Spain 4.3% (2003)
Independence 1907 (became a unified kingdom under its first hereditary king) 4 April 1960 (from France); note - complete independence was achieved upon dissolution of federation with Mali on 20 August 1960
Industrial production growth rate 9.3% (1996 est.) 2.9% (2003 est.)
Industries cement, wood products, processed fruits, alcoholic beverages, calcium carbide, tourism agricultural and fish processing, phosphate mining, fertilizer production, petroleum refining, construction materials
Infant mortality rate total: 96.37 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 94.09 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 98.77 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)
total: 56.53 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 60.25 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 52.71 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 5.5% (2005 est.) 0% (2003 est.)
International organization participation ADB, BIMSTEC, CP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, NAM, OPCW, SAARC, SACEP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer) ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, ECOWAS, FAO, FZ, G-15, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, MONUC, NAM, OIC, ONUB, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIK, UNMIL, UNMOVIC, UNOCI, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Irrigated land 400 sq km (2003) 710 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court of Appeal (the monarch); High Court (judges appointed by the monarch); note - the draft constitution establishes a Supreme Court, which will serve as chief court of appeal Constitutional Court; Council of State; Court of Final Appeals or Cour de Cassation; Court of Appeals; note - the judicial system was reformed in 1992
Labor force NA


note: major shortage of skilled labor
4.62 million NA (2003)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture: 63%


industry: 6%


services: 31% (2004 est.)
agriculture 70%
Land boundaries total: 1,075 km


border countries: China 470 km, India 605 km
total: 2,640 km


border countries: The Gambia 740 km, Guinea 330 km, Guinea-Bissau 338 km, Mali 419 km, Mauritania 813 km
Land use arable land: 2.3%


permanent crops: 0.43%


other: 97.27% (2005)
arable land: 12.78%


permanent crops: 0.21%


other: 87.01% (2001)
Languages Dzongkha (official), Bhotes speak various Tibetan dialects, Nepalese speak various Nepalese dialects French (official), Wolof, Pulaar, Jola, Mandinka
Legal system based on Indian law and English common law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction based on French civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts in Constitutional Court; the Council of State audits the government's accounting office; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch unicameral National Assembly or Tshogdu (150 seats; 105 members elected from village constituencies, 10 represent religious bodies, and 35 are designated by the monarch to represent government and other secular interests; to serve three-year terms); note - a new bicameral parliament will be established in 2008


elections: first elections to be held in December 2007 and spring 2008; note - local elections last held August 2005 (next to be held in 2008)


election results: NA
unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (120 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve five-year terms)


note: the former National Assembly, dissolved in the spring of 2001, had 140 seats


elections: last held 29 April 2001 (next to be held NA 2006)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - SOPI Coalition 89, AFP 11, PS 10, other 10
Life expectancy at birth total population: 55.17 years


male: 55.38 years


female: 54.96 years (2007 est.)
total population: 56.56 years


male: 54.94 years


female: 58.23 years (2004 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 47%


male: 60%


female: 34% (2003 est.)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 40.2%


male: 50%


female: 30.7% (2003 est.)
Location Southern Asia, between China and India Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Guinea-Bissau and Mauritania
Map references Asia Africa
Maritime claims none (landlocked) territorial sea: 12 nm


contiguous zone: 24 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm


continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin
Military branches Royal Bhutan Army (includes Royal Bodyguard and Royal Bhutan Police) (2008) Army, Navy, Air Force, National Gendarmerie, National Police (Surete Nationale)
Military expenditures - dollar figure - $95.8 million (2003)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 1% (2005 est.) 1.5% (2003)
Military manpower - availability - males age 15-49: 2,490,290 (2004 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service - males age 15-49: 1,301,761 (2004 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually - males: 119,833 (2004 est.)
National holiday National Day (Ugyen WANGCHUCK became first hereditary king), 17 December (1907) Independence Day, 4 April (1960)
Nationality noun: Bhutanese (singular and plural)


adjective: Bhutanese
noun: Senegalese (singular and plural)


adjective: Senegalese
Natural hazards violent storms from the Himalayas are the source of the country's name, which translates as Land of the Thunder Dragon; frequent landslides during the rainy season lowlands seasonally flooded; periodic droughts
Natural resources timber, hydropower, gypsum, calcium carbonate fish, phosphates, iron ore
Net migration rate 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.) 0.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Pipelines - gas 564 km (2004)
Political parties and leaders Druk Pheunsum Tshogpa or DPT [Jigme THINLEY]; People's Democratic Party or PDP [Sangay NGEDUP] African Party for Democracy and Socialism or And Jef (also known as PADS/AJ) [Landing SAVANE, secretary general]; African Party of Independence [Majhemout DIOP]; Alliance of Forces of Progress or AFP [Moustapha NIASSE]; Democratic and Patriotic Convention or CDP (also known as Garab-Gi) [Dr. Iba Der THIAM]; Democratic League-Labor Party Movement or LD-MPT [Dr. Abdoulaye BATHILY]; Front for Socialism and Democracy or FSD [Cheikh Abdoulaye DIEYE]; Gainde Centrist Bloc or BGC [Jean-Paul DIAS]; Independence and Labor Party or PIT [Amath DANSOKHO]; National Democratic Rally or RND [Madier DIOUF]; Senegalese Democratic Party or PDS [Abdoulaye WADE]; Socialist Party or PS [Ousmane Tanor DIENG]; SOPI Coalition (a coalition led by the PDS) [Abdoulaye WADE]; Union for Democratic Renewal or URD [Djibo Leyti KA]; other small parties
Political pressure groups and leaders Buddhist clergy; ethnic Nepalese organizations leading militant antigovernment campaign; Indian merchant community; United Front for Democracy (exiled) labor; Muslim brotherhoods; students; teachers
Population 2,327,849


note: the Factbook population estimate is inconsistent with the 2005 Bhutan census results; both data are being reviewed and when completed, the results will be posted on The World Factbook Web site (https://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook) later this year (July 2007 est.)
10,852,147 (July 2004 est.)
Population below poverty line 31.7% (2003) 54% (2001 est.)
Population growth rate 2.082% (2007 est.) 2.52% (2004 est.)
Ports and harbors - Dakar, Kaolack, Matam, Podor, Richard Toll, Saint-Louis, Ziguinchor
Radio broadcast stations AM 0, FM 9, shortwave 1 (2007) AM 8, FM 20, shortwave 1 (2001)
Railways - total: 906 km


narrow gauge: 906 km 1.000-meter gauge (2003)
Religions Lamaistic Buddhist 75%, Indian- and Nepalese-influenced Hinduism 25% Muslim 94%, indigenous beliefs 1%, Christian 5% (mostly Roman Catholic)
Sex ratio at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.074 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.064 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 1.01 male(s)/female


total population: 1.066 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.93 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.93 male(s)/female


total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2004 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: urban towns and district headquarters have telecommunications services


domestic: very low teledensity; domestic service is very poor especially in rural areas; wireless service available since 2003


international: country code - 975; international telephone and telegraph service via landline and microwave relay through India; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (2007)
general assessment: good system


domestic: above-average urban system; microwave radio relay, coaxial cable and fiber-optic cable in trunk system


international: country code - 221; 4 submarine cables; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use 31,500 (2006) 228,800 (2003)
Telephones - mobile cellular 82,100 (2006) 575,900 (2003)
Television broadcast stations 1 (2007) 1 (1997)
Terrain mostly mountainous with some fertile valleys and savanna generally low, rolling, plains rising to foothills in southeast
Total fertility rate 4.67 children born/woman (2007 est.) 4.84 children born/woman (2004 est.)
Unemployment rate 2.5% (2004) 48% (urban youth 40%) (2001 est.)
Waterways - 1,000 km (primarily on Senegal, Saloum, and Casamance rivers) (2003)
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