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Compare Angola (2003) - Djibouti (2001)

Compare Angola (2003) z Djibouti (2001)

 Angola (2003)Djibouti (2001)
 AngolaDjibouti
Administrative divisions 18 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia); Bengo, Benguela, Bie, Cabinda, Cuando Cubango, Cuanza Norte, Cuanza Sul, Cunene, Huambo, Huila, Luanda, Lunda Norte, Lunda Sul, Malanje, Moxico, Namibe, Uige, Zaire 5 districts (cercles, singular - cercle); 'Ali Sabih, Dikhil, Djibouti, Obock, Tadjoura
Age structure 0-14 years: 43.5% (male 2,363,829; female 2,317,610)


15-64 years: 53.7% (male 2,941,999; female 2,842,923)


65 years and over: 2.8% (male 134,330; female 165,780) (2003 est.)
0-14 years:
42.58% (male 98,314; female 97,859)

15-64 years:
54.58% (male 132,619; female 118,841)

65 years and over:
2.84% (male 6,787; female 6,280) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products bananas, sugarcane, coffee, sisal, corn, cotton, manioc (tapioca), tobacco, vegetables, plantains; livestock; forest products; fish fruits, vegetables; goats, sheep, camels
Airports 243 (2002) 12 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 32


over 3,047 m: 4


2,438 to 3,047 m: 8


1,524 to 2,437 m: 14


914 to 1,523 m: 5


under 914 m: 1 (2002)
total:
2

over 3,047 m:
1

2,438 to 3,047 m:
1 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 211


over 3,047 m: 2


2,438 to 3,047 m: 4


1,524 to 2,437 m: 30


914 to 1,523 m: 95


under 914 m: 80 (2002)
total:
10

1,524 to 2,437 m:
2

914 to 1,523 m:
5

under 914 m:
3 (2000 est.)
Area total: 1,246,700 sq km


land: 1,246,700 sq km


water: 0 sq km
total:
22,000 sq km

land:
21,980 sq km

water:
20 sq km
Area - comparative slightly less than twice the size of Texas slightly smaller than Massachusetts
Background Civil war has been the norm in Angola since independence from Portugal in 1975. A 1994 peace accord between the government and the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) provided for the integration of former UNITA insurgents into the government and armed forces. A national unity government was installed in April of 1997, but serious fighting resumed in late 1998, rendering hundreds of thousands of people homeless. Up to 1.5 million lives may have been lost in fighting over the past quarter century. The death of insurgent leader Jonas SAVIMBI in 2002 and a subsequent cease-fire with UNITA may bode well for the country. The French Territory of the Afars and the Issas became Djibouti in 1977. A peace accord in 1994 ended a three-year uprising by Afars rebels.
Birth rate 45.57 births/1,000 population (2003 est.) 40.66 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues: $928 million


expenditures: $2.5 billion, including capital expenditures of $963 million (1992 est.)
revenues:
$133 million

expenditures:
$187 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1999 est.)
Capital Luanda Djibouti
Climate semiarid in south and along coast to Luanda; north has cool, dry season (May to October) and hot, rainy season (November to April) desert; torrid, dry
Coastline 1,600 km 314 km
Constitution 11 November 1975; revised 7 January 1978, 11 August 1980, 6 March 1991, and 26 August 1992 multiparty constitution approved by referendum 4 September 1992
Country name conventional long form: Republic of Angola


conventional short form: Angola


local long form: Republica de Angola


local short form: Angola


former: People's Republic of Angola
conventional long form:
Republic of Djibouti

conventional short form:
Djibouti

former:
French Territory of the Afars and Issas, French Somaliland
Currency kwanza (AOA) Djiboutian franc (DJF)
Death rate 25.83 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.) 14.66 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $9.9 billion (2002 est.) $356 million (1999 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission: Ambassador Christopher William DELL


embassy: number 32 Rua Houari Boumedienne (in the Miramar area of Luanda), Luanda


mailing address: international mail: Caixa Postal 6468, Luanda; pouch: American Embassy Luanda, Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-2550


telephone: [244] (2) 445-481, 447-028, 446-224


FAX: [244] (2) 446-924
chief of mission:
Ambassador Donald YAMAMOTO

embassy:
Plateau du Serpent, Boulevard Marechal Joffre, Djibouti

mailing address:
B. P. 185, Djibouti

telephone:
[253] 35 39 95

FAX:
[253] 35 39 40
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador Josefina Perpetua Pitra DIAKIDI


chancery: 2108 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009


telephone: [1] (202) 785-1156


FAX: [1] (202) 785-1258


consulate(s) general: Houston and New York
chief of mission:
Ambassador ROBLE Olhaye Oudine

chancery:
Suite 515, 1156 15th Street NW, Washington, DC 20005

telephone:
[1] (202) 331-0270

FAX:
[1] (202) 331-0302
Disputes - international gives shelter to thousands of refugees from the Democratic Republic of the Congo while thousands of Angolan refugees still remain in neighboring states as a consequence of the protracted civil wars in both states none
Economic aid - recipient $383.5 million (1999) $106.3 million (1995)
Economy - overview Angola has been an economy in disarray because of a quarter century of nearly continuous warfare. An apparently durable peace was established after the death of rebel leader Jonas SAVIMBI on February 22, 2002, but consequences from the conflict continue including the impact of wide-spread land mines. Subsistence agriculture provides the main livelihood for 85% of the population. Oil production and the supporting activities are vital to the economy, contributing about 45% to GDP and more than half of exports. Much of the country's food must still be imported. To fully take advantage of its rich natural resources - gold, diamonds, extensive forests, Atlantic fisheries, and large oil deposits - Angola will need to continue reforming government policies. While Angola made progress in bringing inflation down further, from 325% in 2000 to about 106% in 2002, the government has failed to make sufficient progress on reforms recommended by the IMF such as increasing foreign exchange reserves and promoting greater transparency in government spending. Increased oil production should bring about 6% GDP growth in 2003. The economy is based on service activities connected with the country's strategic location and status as a free trade zone in northeast Africa. Two-thirds of the inhabitants live in the capital city, the remainder being mostly nomadic herders. Scanty rainfall limits crop production to fruits and vegetables, and most food must be imported. Djibouti provides services as both a transit port for the region and an international transshipment and refueling center. It has few natural resources and little industry. The nation is, therefore, heavily dependent on foreign assistance to help support its balance of payments and to finance development projects. An unemployment rate of 40% to 50% continues to be a major problem. Inflation is not a concern, however, because of the fixed tie of the franc to the US dollar. Per capita consumption dropped an estimated 35% over the last seven years because of recession, civil war, and a high population growth rate (including immigrants and refugees). Faced with a multitude of economic difficulties, the government has fallen in arrears on long-term external debt and has been struggling to meet the stipulations of foreign aid donors. The year 2001 will see only small growth as port activity should decrease now that Ethiopia has more trade route options.
Electricity - consumption 1.348 billion kWh (2001) 167.4 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2001) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2001) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - production 1.45 billion kWh (2001) 180 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel: 36.4%


hydro: 63.6%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2001)
fossil fuel:
100%

hydro:
0%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m


highest point: Morro de Moco 2,620 m
lowest point:
Lac Assal -155 m

highest point:
Moussa Ali 2,028 m
Environment - current issues overuse of pastures and subsequent soil erosion attributable to population pressures; desertification; deforestation of tropical rain forest, in response to both international demand for tropical timber and to domestic use as fuel, resulting in loss of biodiversity; soil erosion contributing to water pollution and siltation of rivers and dams; inadequate supplies of potable water inadequate supplies of potable water; desertification
Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution

signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups Ovimbundu 37%, Kimbundu 25%, Bakongo 13%, mestico (mixed European and Native African) 2%, European 1%, other 22% Somali 60%, Afar 35%, French, Arab, Ethiopian, and Italian 5%
Exchange rates kwanza per US dollar - 43.53 (2002), 22.06 (2001), 10.04 (2000), 2.79 (1999), 0.39 (1998); note - in December 1999 the kwanza was revalued with six zeroes dropped off the old value Djiboutian francs per US dollar - 177.721 (fixed rate since 1973)
Executive branch chief of state: President Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS (since 21 September 1979); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government


head of government: President Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS (since 21 September 1979); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government; Fernando de Piedade Dias DOS SANTOS was appointed Prime Minister on 6 December 2002, but this is not a position of real power


cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president


elections: president elected by universal ballot for a NA-year term; President DOS SANTOS originally elected (in 1979) without opposition under a one-party system and stood for reelection in Angola's first multiparty elections 29-30 September 1992 (next to be held NA)


election results: DOS SANTOS 49.6%, Jonas SAVIMBI 40.1%, making a run-off election necessary; the run-off was not held and SAVIMBI's National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) repudiated the results of the first election; the civil war resumed
chief of state:
President GUELLEH Ismail Omar (since 8 May 1999);

head of government:
Prime Minister DILLEITA Mohamed Dilleita (since 4 March 2001)

cabinet:
Council of Ministers responsible to the president

elections:
president elected by popular vote for a six-year term; election last held 9 April 1999 (next to be held NA 2005); prime minister appointed by the president

election results:
GUELLEH Ismail Omar elected president; percent of vote - GUELLEH Ismail Omar 74.4%, IDRIS Moussa Ahmed 25.6%
Exports NA (2001) $260 million (f.o.b., 1999 est.)
Exports - commodities crude oil, diamonds, refined petroleum products, gas, coffee, sisal, fish and fish products, timber, cotton reexports, hides and skins, coffee (in transit)
Exports - partners US 41.2%, China 13.7%, France 8%, Belgium 6.3%, Taiwan 6.3%, Japan 4.9%, Spain 4.3% (2002) Somalia 53%, Yemen 23%, Ethiopia 5%, (1998)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and black with a centered yellow emblem consisting of a five-pointed star within half a cogwheel crossed by a machete (in the style of a hammer and sickle) two equal horizontal bands of light blue (top) and light green with a white isosceles triangle based on the hoist side bearing a red five-pointed star in the center
GDP purchasing power parity - $18.36 billion (2002 est.) purchasing power parity - $574 million (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 8%


industry: 67%


services: 25% (2001 est.)
agriculture:
3%

industry:
22%

services:
75% (1998 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $1,700 (2002 est.) purchasing power parity - $1,300 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 9.4% (2002 est.) 2% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 12 30 S, 18 30 E 11 30 N, 43 00 E
Geography - note the province of Cabinda is an exclave, separated from the rest of the country by the Democratic Republic of the Congo strategic location near world's busiest shipping lanes and close to Arabian oilfields; terminus of rail traffic into Ethiopia; mostly wasteland
Highways total: 51,429 km


paved: 5,349 km


unpaved: 46,080 km (1999)
total:
2,890 km

paved:
364 km

unpaved:
2,526 km (1996)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
Illicit drugs used as a transshipment point for cocaine destined for Western Europe and other African states -
Imports NA (2001) $440 million (f.o.b., 1999 est.)
Imports - commodities machinery and electrical equipment, vehicles and spare parts; medicines, food, textiles, military goods foods, beverages, transport equipment, chemicals, petroleum products
Imports - partners Portugal 20.2%, US 13.9%, South Africa 12.4%, France 6.7%, Brazil 5.8%, Belgium 5.3%, Netherlands 4% (2002) France 13%, Ethiopia 12%, Italy 9%, Saudi Arabia 6%, UK 6% (1998)
Independence 11 November 1975 (from Portugal) 27 June 1977 (from France)
Industrial production growth rate 1% 3% (1996 est.)
Industries petroleum; diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, feldspar, bauxite, uranium, and gold; cement; basic metal products; fish processing; food processing; brewing; tobacco products; sugar; textiles limited to a few small-scale enterprises, such as dairy products and mineral-water bottling
Infant mortality rate total: 193.82 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 206.26 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 180.76 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
101.51 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 106% (2002 est.) 2% (2000 est.)
International organization participation ACP, AfDB, CEEAC, ECA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OAS (observer), OAU, SADC, UN, UN Security Council (temporary), UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AFESD, AL, AMF, ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), Interpol, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 1 (2000) 1 (2000)
Irrigated land 750 sq km (1998 est.) NA sq km
Judicial branch Supreme Court or Tribunal da Relacao (judges are appointed by the president) Supreme Court or Cour Supreme
Labor force 5 million (1997 est.) 282,000
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 85%, industry and services 15% (1997 est.) agriculture 75%, industry 11%, services 14% (1991 est.)
Land boundaries total: 5,198 km


border countries: Democratic Republic of the Congo 2,511 km (of which 225 km is the boundary of discontiguous Cabinda Province), Republic of the Congo 201 km, Namibia 1,376 km, Zambia 1,110 km
total:
508 km

border countries:
Eritrea 113 km, Ethiopia 337 km, Somalia 58 km
Land use arable land: 2.41%


permanent crops: 0.4%


other: 97.19% (1998 est.)
arable land:
0%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
9%

forests and woodland:
0%

other:
91% (1993 est.)
Languages Portuguese (official), Bantu and other African languages French (official), Arabic (official), Somali, Afar
Legal system based on Portuguese civil law system and customary law; recently modified to accommodate political pluralism and increased use of free markets based on French civil law system, traditional practices, and Islamic law
Legislative branch unicameral National Assembly or Assembleia Nacional (220 seats; members elected by proportional vote to serve four-year terms)


elections: last held 29-30 September 1992 (next to be held NA)


election results: percent of vote by party - MPLA 54%, UNITA 34%, others 12%; seats by party - MPLA 129, UNITA 70, PRS 6, FNLA 5, PLD 3, others 7
unicameral Chamber of Deputies or Chambre des Deputes (65 seats; members elected by popular vote for five-year terms)

elections:
last held 19 December 1997 (next to be held NA 2002)

election results:
percent of vote - NA%; seats - RPP 65; note - RPP (the ruling party) dominated the election
Life expectancy at birth total population: 36.96 years


male: 36.13 years


female: 37.83 years (2003 est.)
total population:
51.21 years

male:
49.37 years

female:
53.1 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 42%


male: 56%


female: 28% (1998 est.)
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
46.2%

male:
60.3%

female:
32.7% (1995 est.)
Location Southern Africa, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Namibia and Democratic Republic of the Congo Eastern Africa, bordering the Gulf of Aden and the Red Sea, between Eritrea and Somalia
Map references Africa Africa
Maritime claims contiguous zone: 24 NM


exclusive economic zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM
contiguous zone:
24 NM

exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
Merchant marine total: 8 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 30,311 GRT/48,924 DWT


ships by type: cargo 7, petroleum tanker 1 (2002 est.)
total:
1 ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,369 GRT/3,030 DWT

ships by type:
cargo 1 (2000 est.)
Military branches Army, Navy, Air and Air Defense Forces, National Police Force Djibouti National Army (includes Navy and Air Force)
Military expenditures - dollar figure $222.7 million (FY02) $23 million (FY97)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 5.4% (FY02) 4.5% (FY97)
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49: 2,568,082 (2003 est.) males age 15-49:
108,038 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49: 1,290,884 (2003 est.) males age 15-49:
63,589 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - military age 18 years of age (2003 est.) -
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males: 109,752 (2003 est.) -
National holiday Independence Day, 11 November (1975) Independence Day, 27 June (1977)
Nationality noun: Angolan(s)


adjective: Angolan
noun:
Djiboutian(s)

adjective:
Djiboutian
Natural hazards locally heavy rainfall causes periodic flooding on the plateau earthquakes; droughts; occasional cyclonic disturbances from the Indian Ocean bring heavy rains and flash floods
Natural resources petroleum, diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, copper, feldspar, gold, bauxite, uranium geothermal areas
Net migration rate 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.) 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Pipelines gas 214 km; liquid natural gas 14 km; liquid petroleum gas 30 km; oil 845 km; refined products 56 km (2003) -
Political parties and leaders Liberal Democratic Party or PLD [Analia de Victoria PEREIRA]; National Front for the Liberation of Angola or FNLA [disputed leadership: Lucas NGONDA, Holden ROBERTO]; National Union for the Total Independence of Angola or UNITA [interim leader: PAULO Lukamba "Gato"], largest opposition party has engaged in years of armed resistance; Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola or MPLA [Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS], ruling party in power since 1975; Social Renewal Party or PRS [disputed leadership: Eduardo KUANGANA, Antonio MUACHICUNGO]


note: about a dozen minor parties participated in the 1992 elections but only won a few seats and have little influence in the National Assembly
Democratic National Party or PND [ADEN Robleh Awaleh]; Democratic Renewal Party or PRD [Abdillahi HAMARITEH]; People's Progress Assembly or RPP (governing party) [Ismail Omar GELLEH]
Political pressure groups and leaders Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda or FLEC [N'zita Henriques TIAGO; Antonio Bento BEMBE]


note: FLEC is waging a small-scale, highly factionalized, armed struggle for the independence of Cabinda Province
Front for the Restoration of Unity and Democracy or FRUD and affiliates; Movement for Unity and Democracy or MUD
Population 10,766,471 (July 2003 est.) 460,700 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% NA%
Population growth rate 1.97% (2003 est.) 2.6% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors Ambriz, Cabinda, Lobito, Luanda, Malongo, Mocamedes, Namibe, Porto Amboim, Soyo Djibouti
Radio broadcast stations AM 21, FM 6, shortwave 7 (2000) AM 2, FM 2, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios - 52,000 (1997)
Railways total: 2,761 km


narrow gauge: 2,638 km 1.067-m gauge; 123 km 0.600-m gauge (2002)
total:
100 km (Djibouti segment of the Addis Ababa-Djibouti railroad)

narrow gauge:
100 km 1.000-m gauge

note:
Djibouti and Ethiopia plan to revitalize the century-old railroad that links their capitals by 2003
Religions indigenous beliefs 47%, Roman Catholic 38%, Protestant 15% (1998 est.) Muslim 94%, Christian 6%
Sex ratio at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.03 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.81 male(s)/female


total population: 1.02 male(s)/female (2003 est.)
at birth:
1.03 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1.12 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
1.08 male(s)/female

total population:
1.07 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal NA years of age; universal adult
Telephone system general assessment: telephone service limited mostly to government and business use; HF radiotelephone used extensively for military links


domestic: limited system of wire, microwave radio relay, and tropospheric scatter


international: satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
general assessment:
telephone facilities in the city of Djibouti are adequate as are the microwave radio relay connections to outlying areas of the country

domestic:
microwave radio relay network

international:
submarine cable to Jiddah, Suez, Sicily, Marseilles, Colombo, and Singapore; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) and 1 Arabsat; Medarabtel regional microwave radio relay telephone network
Telephones - main lines in use 72,000 (1998) 8,000 (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular 25,800 (2000) 203 (1997)
Television broadcast stations 6 (2000) 1 (plus 5 low-power repeaters) (1998)
Terrain narrow coastal plain rises abruptly to vast interior plateau coastal plain and plateau separated by central mountains
Total fertility rate 6.38 children born/woman (2003 est.) 5.72 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate extensive unemployment and underemployment affecting more than half the population (2001 est.) 50% (2000 est.)
Waterways 1,295 km none
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