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Compare Angola (2001) - Macau (2001)

Compare Angola (2001) z Macau (2001)

 Angola (2001)Macau (2001)
 AngolaMacau
Administrative divisions 18 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia); Bengo, Benguela, Bie, Cabinda, Cuando Cubango, Cuanza Norte, Cuanza Sul, Cunene, Huambo, Huila, Luanda, Lunda Norte, Lunda Sul, Malanje, Moxico, Namibe, Uige, Zaire none (special administrative region of China)
Age structure 0-14 years:
43.31% (male 2,266,870; female 2,222,262)

15-64 years:
53.98% (male 2,847,089; female 2,748,091)

65 years and over:
2.71% (male 127,798; female 153,921) (2001 est.)
0-14 years:
22.68% (male 53,291; female 49,615)

15-64 years:
70.08% (male 150,538; female 167,431)

65 years and over:
7.24% (male 13,287; female 19,571) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products bananas, sugarcane, coffee, sisal, corn, cotton, manioc (tapioca), tobacco, vegetables, plantains; livestock; forest products; fish rice, vegetables
Airports 247 (2000 est.) 1 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total:
31

over 3,047 m:
4

2,438 to 3,047 m:
8

1,524 to 2,437 m:
12

914 to 1,523 m:
6

under 914 m:
1 (2000 est.)
total:
1

over 3,047 m:
1 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
216

over 3,047 m:
2

2,438 to 3,047 m:
5

1,524 to 2,437 m:
30

914 to 1,523 m:
96

under 914 m:
83 (2000 est.)
-
Area total:
1,246,700 sq km

land:
1,246,700 sq km

water:
0 sq km
total:
21 sq km

land:
21 sq km

water:
0 sq km
Area - comparative slightly less than twice the size of Texas about 0.1 times the size of Washington, DC
Background Civil war has been the norm in Angola since independence from Portugal in 1975. A 1994 peace accord between the government and the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) provided for the integration of former UNITA insurgents into the government and armed forces. A national unity government was installed in April of 1997, but serious fighting resumed in late 1998, rendering hundreds of thousands of people homeless. Up to 1.5 million lives may have been lost in fighting over the past quarter century. Colonized by the Portuguese in the 16th century, Macau was the first European settlement in the Far East. Pursuant to an agreement signed by China and Portugal on 13 April 1987, Macau became the Macau Special Administrative Region (SAR) of China on 20 December 1999. China has promised that, under its "one country, two systems" formula, China's socialist economic system will not be practiced in Macau and that Macau will enjoy a high degree of autonomy in all matters except foreign and defense affairs.
Birth rate 46.54 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) 12.36 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues:
$928 million

expenditures:
$2.5 billion, including capital expenditures of $963 million (1992 est.)
revenues:
$1.26 billion

expenditures:
$1.22 billion, including capital expenditures of $175 million (1999 est.)
Capital Luanda -
Climate semiarid in south and along coast to Luanda; north has cool, dry season (May to October) and hot, rainy season (November to April) subtropical; marine with cool winters, warm summers
Coastline 1,600 km 40 km
Constitution 11 November 1975; revised 7 January 1978, 11 August 1980, 6 March 1991, and 26 August 1992 Basic Law, approved in March 1993 by China's National People's Congress, is Macau's "mini-constitution"
Country name conventional long form:
Republic of Angola

conventional short form:
Angola

local long form:
Republica de Angola

local short form:
Angola

former:
People's Republic of Angola
conventional long form:
Macau Special Administrative Region

conventional short form:
Macau

local long form:
Aomen Tebie Xingzhengqu (Chinese); Regiao Administrativa Especial de Macau (Portuguese)

local short form:
Aomen (Chinese); Macau (Portuguese)
Currency kwanza (AOA) pataca (MOP)
Death rate 24.68 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) 3.71 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $10.8 billion (2000 est.) $1.7 billion (1997)
Dependency status - special administrative region of China
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Joseph G. SULLIVAN

embassy:
number 32 Rua Houari Boumeddienne, Luanda

mailing address:
international mail: Caixa Postal 6484, Luanda; pouch: American Embassy Luanda, Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-2550

telephone:
[244] (2) 345-481, 346-418

FAX:
[244] (2) 346-924
the US has no offices in Macau, and US interests are monitored by the US Consulate General in Hong Kong
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Josefina Perpetua Pitra DIAKIDI

chancery:
1615 M Street, NW, Suite 900, Washington, DC 20036

telephone:
[1] (202) 785-1156

FAX:
[1] (202) 785-1258

consulate(s) general:
New York
none (special administrative region of China)
Disputes - international none none
Economic aid - recipient $493.1 million (1995) $NA
Economy - overview Angola is an economy in disarray because of a quarter century of nearly continuous warfare. Despite its abundant natural resources, output per capita is among the world's lowest. Subsistence agriculture provides the main livelihood for 85% of the population. Oil production and the supporting activities are vital to the economy, contributing about 45% to GDP and 90% of exports. Violence continues, millions of land mines remain, and many farmers are reluctant to return to their fields. As a result, much of the country's food must still be imported. To fully take advantage of its rich resources - gold, diamonds, extensive forests, Atlantic fisheries, and large oil deposits - Angola will need to end its conflict and continue reforming government policies. Despite the increase in the pace of civil warfare in late 1998, the economy grew by an estimated 5% in 2000. The government introduced new currency denominations in 1999, including 1 and 5 kwanza notes. Internal strife discourages investment outside of the petroleum sector, which is producing roughly 800,000 barrels of oil per day. Angola has entered into a Staff Monitored Program (SMP) with the IMF. Continued growth depends on sharp cuts in inflation, further economic reform, and a lessening of fighting. The economy is based largely on tourism (including gambling) and textile and fireworks manufacturing. Efforts to diversify have spawned other small industries - toys, artificial flowers, and electronics. The tourist sector has accounted for roughly 25% of GDP, and the clothing industry has provided about three-fourths of export earnings; the gambling industry probably represents over 40% of GDP. More than 8 million tourists visited Macau in 2000. Macau depends on China for most of its food, fresh water, and energy imports. Japan and Hong Kong are the main suppliers of raw materials and capital goods. Output dropped 5% in 1998 and 3% in 1999, with a small 2% gain in 2000. Macau reverted to Chinese administration on 20 December 1999. Gang violence, a dark spot in the economy, probably will be reduced in 2000-01 to the advantage of the tourism sector.
Electricity - consumption 1.372 billion kWh (1999) 1.422 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (1999) 3 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (1999) 165 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - production 1.475 billion kWh (1999) 1.355 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
32.2%

hydro:
67.8%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
fossil fuel:
100%

hydro:
0%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Atlantic Ocean 0 m

highest point:
Morro de Moco 2,620 m
lowest point:
South China Sea 0 m

highest point:
Coloane Alto 174 m
Environment - current issues overuse of pastures and subsequent soil erosion attributable to population pressures; desertification; deforestation of tropical rain forest, in response to both international demand for tropical timber and to domestic use as fuel, resulting in loss of biodiversity; soil erosion contributing to water pollution and siltation of rivers and dams; inadequate supplies of potable water NA
Environment - international agreements party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection

signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements
-
Ethnic groups Ovimbundu 37%, Kimbundu 25%, Bakongo 13%, mestico (mixed European and Native African) 2%, European 1%, other 22% Chinese 95%, Macanese (mixed Portuguese and Asian ancestry), Portuguese, other
Exchange rates kwanza per US dollar - 17,910,800 (January 2001), 10,041,000 (2000), 2,790,706 (1999), 392,824 (1998), 229,040 (1997), 128,029 (1996); note - in December 1999 the kwanza was revalued with six zeroes dropped off the old value patacas per US dollar - 8.033 (January 2001), 8.025 (2000), 7.990 (1999), 7.978 (1998), 7.974 (1997), 7.966 (1996); note - linked to the Hong Kong dollar at the rate of 1.03 patacas per Hong Kong dollar
Executive branch chief of state:
President Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS (since 21 September 1979); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government

head of government:
President Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS (since 21 September 1979); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government

cabinet:
Council of Ministers appointed by the president

elections:
President DOS SANTOS originally elected (in 1979) without opposition under a one-party system and stood for reelection in Angola's first multiparty elections 29-30 September 1992 (next to be held NA)

election results:
DOS SANTOS 49.6%, Jonas SAVIMBI 40.1%, making a run-off election necessary; the run-off was not held and SAVIMBI's National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) repudiated the results of the first election; the civil war resumed
chief of state:
President of China JIANG Zemin (since 27 March 1993)

head of government:
Chief Executive Edmund HO Hau-wah (since 20 December 1999)

cabinet:
Executive Council consists of all five government secretaries, three legislators, and two businessmen

elections:
NA
Exports $7.8 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.) $2.6 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Exports - commodities crude oil 90%, diamonds, refined petroleum products, gas, coffee, sisal, fish and fish products, timber, cotton textiles, clothing, toys, electronics, cement, footwear, machinery
Exports - partners US 54%, South Korea 14%, Benelux 11%, China 7%, Taiwan 6% (1999) US 47%, EU 30%, China 9.2%, Hong Kong 6.7% (1999)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and black with a centered yellow emblem consisting of a five-pointed star within half a cogwheel crossed by a machete (in the style of a hammer and sickle) light green with a lotus flower above a stylized bridge and water in white, beneath an arc of five gold, five-pointed stars: one large in center of arc and four smaller
GDP purchasing power parity - $10.1 billion (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $7.82 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
7%

industry:
60%

services:
33% (1999 est.)
agriculture:
1%

industry:
25%

services:
74% (2000 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $1,000 (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $17,500 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 4.9% (2000 est.) 2% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 12 30 S, 18 30 E 22 10 N, 113 33 E
Geography - note Cabinda is separated from rest of country by the Democratic Republic of the Congo essentially urban; one causeway and two bridges connect the two islands of Coloane and Taipa to the peninsula on mainland
Highways total:
76,626 km

paved:
19,156 km

unpaved:
57,470 km (1997)
total:
50 km

paved:
50 km

unpaved:
0 km (2001)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
Illicit drugs increasingly used as a transshipment point for cocaine and heroin destined for Western Europe and other African states -
Imports $2.5 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.) $2.4 billion (c.i.f., 2000 est.)
Imports - commodities machinery and electrical equipment, vehicles and spare parts; medicines, food, textiles, military goods raw materials, foodstuffs, capital goods, fuels, consumer goods
Imports - partners South Korea 16%, Portugal 15%, US 13%, South Africa 10%, France 8% (1999) China 36%, Hong Kong 18%, EU 13%, Taiwan 10%, Japan 7% (1999)
Independence 11 November 1975 (from Portugal) none (special administrative region of China)
Industrial production growth rate NA% NA%
Industries petroleum; diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, feldspar, bauxite, uranium, and gold; cement; basic metal products; fish processing; food processing; brewing; tobacco products; sugar; textiles clothing, textiles, toys, electronics, footwear, tourism, gambling
Infant mortality rate 193.72 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) 4.47 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 325% (2000 est.) -1.8% (2000 est.)
International organization participation ACP, AfDB, CCC, CEEAC, ECA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITU, NAM, OAS (observer), OAU, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO CCC, ESCAP (associate), IMO (associate), Interpol (subbureau), UNESCO (associate), WMO, WToO (associate), WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 1 (2000) 1 (2000)
Irrigated land 750 sq km (1993 est.) NA sq km
Judicial branch Supreme Court or Tribunal da Relacao (judges are appointed by the president) The Court of Final Appeal in the Macau Special Administrative Region
Labor force 5 million (1997 est.) 283,450 (1999)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 85%, industry and services 15% (1997 est.) restaurants and hotels 26%, manufacturing 22%, other services 52% (2000 est.)
Land boundaries total:
5,198 km

border countries:
Democratic Republic of the Congo 2,511 km (of which 220 km is the boundary of discontiguous Cabinda Province), Republic of the Congo 201 km, Namibia 1,376 km, Zambia 1,110 km
total:
0.34 km

border countries:
China 0.34 km
Land use arable land:
2%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
23%

forests and woodland:
43%

other:
32% (1993 est.)
arable land:
0%

permanent crops:
2%

permanent pastures:
0%

forests and woodland:
0%

other:
98% (1998 est.)
Languages Portuguese (official), Bantu and other African languages Portuguese, Chinese (Cantonese)
Legal system based on Portuguese civil law system and customary law; recently modified to accommodate political pluralism and increased use of free markets based on Portuguese civil law system
Legislative branch unicameral National Assembly or Assembleia Nacional (220 seats; members elected by proportional vote to serve four-year terms)

elections:
last held 29-30 September 1992 (next to be held NA)

election results:
percent of vote by party - MPLA 54%, UNITA 34%, others 12%; seats by party - MPLA 129, UNITA 70, PRS 6, FNLA 5, PLD 3, others 7
unicameral Legislative Council or LEGCO (23 seats; 8 elected by popular vote, 8 by indirect vote, and 7 appointed by the chief executive; members serve four-year terms)

elections:
last held 22 September 1996 (next to be held by 15 October 2001)

election results:
percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - APPEM 2, UNIPRO 2, CODEM 1, UDM 1, UPD 1, ANMD 1
Life expectancy at birth total population:
38.59 years

male:
37.36 years

female:
39.87 years (2001 est.)
total population:
81.69 years

male:
78.88 years

female:
84.64 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
42%

male:
56%

female:
28% (1998 est.)
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
90%

male:
93%

female:
86% (1981 est.)
Location Southern Africa, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Namibia and Democratic Republic of the Congo Eastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and China
Map references Africa Southeast Asia
Maritime claims contiguous zone:
24 NM

exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
not specified
Merchant marine total:
9 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 39,305 GRT/63,067 DWT

ships by type:
cargo 8, petroleum tanker 1 (2000 est.)
none (2000 est.)
Military - note - responsibility for defense reverted to China on 20 December 1999
Military branches Army, Navy, Air and Air Defense Forces, National Police Force Macau garrison of China's People's Liberation Army (PLA) includes about 500 troops
Military expenditures - dollar figure $1.2 billion (FY97) -
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 22% (1999) -
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49:
2,480,016 (2001 est.)
males age 15-49:
125,737 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49:
1,246,224 (2001 est.)
males age 15-49:
69,191 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - military age 18 years of age -
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males:
103,807 (2001 est.)
-
National holiday Independence Day, 11 November (1975) National Day (Anniversary of the Founding of the People's Republic of China), 1 October (1949); note - 20 December 1999 is celebrated as Macau Special Administrative Region Establishment Day
Nationality noun:
Angolan(s)

adjective:
Angolan
noun:
Chinese

adjective:
Chinese
Natural hazards locally heavy rainfall causes periodic flooding on the plateau typhoons
Natural resources petroleum, diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, copper, feldspar, gold, bauxite, uranium NEGL
Net migration rate -0.34 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) 9.25 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Pipelines crude oil 179 km -
Political parties and leaders Liberal Democratic Party or PLD [Analia de Victoria PEREIRA]; National Front for the Liberation of Angola or FNLA [disputed leadership: Lucas NGONDA, Holden ROBERTO]; National Union for the Total Independence of Angola or UNITA [Jonas SAVIMBI], largest opposition party has engaged in years of armed resistance; Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola or MPLA [Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS] ruling party in power since 1975; Social Renewal Party or PRS [disputed leadership: Eduardo KUANGANA, Antonio MUACHICUNGO]; UNITA-Renovada [Eugenio NGOLO "Manuvakola", leader]

note:
about a dozen minor parties participated in the 1992 elections but won few seats and have little influence in the National Assembly
the following is a listing of those associations that participated in the last legislative elections: Associacao de Novo Macau Democratico or ANMD [leader NA]; Associacao Promotora para a Economia de Macau or APPEM [leader NA]; Convergencia para o Desenvolvimento or CODEM [leader NA]; Uniao Geral para o Desenvolvimento de Macau or UDM [leader NA]; Uniao para o Desenvolvimento or UPD [leader NA]; Uniao Promotora para o Progresso or UNIPRO [leader NA]

note:
there are no formal political parties, but civic associations are used instead
Political pressure groups and leaders Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda or FLEC [N'zita Henriques TIAGO; Antonio Bento BEMBE]

note:
FLEC is waging a small-scale, highly factionalized, armed struggle for the independence of Cabinda Province
Catholic Church [Domingos LAM, bishop]; Macau Society of Tourism and Entertainment or STDM [Stanley HO, managing director]; Union for Democracy Development [Antonio NG Kuok-cheong, leader]
Population 10,366,031 (July 2001 est.) 453,733 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% NA%
Population growth rate 2.15% (2001 est.) 1.79% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors Ambriz, Cabinda, Lobito, Luanda, Malongo, Mocamedes, Namibe, Porto Amboim, Soyo Macau
Radio broadcast stations AM 34, FM 7, shortwave 9 (1999) AM 0, FM 2, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios 630,000 (1997) 160,000 (1997)
Railways total:
2,771 km (inland, much of the track is unusable because of land mines still in place from the civil war)

narrow gauge:
2,648 km 1.067-m gauge; 123 km 0.600-m gauge (2000)
0 km
Religions indigenous beliefs 47%, Roman Catholic 38%, Protestant 15% (1998 est.) Buddhist 50%, Roman Catholic 15%, none and other 35% (1997 est.)
Sex ratio at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.02 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1.04 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.83 male(s)/female

total population:
1.02 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.07 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.9 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.68 male(s)/female

total population:
0.92 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal direct election 18 years of age, universal for permanent residents living in Macau for the past seven years; indirect election limited to organizations registered as "corporate voters" (257 are currently registered) and a 300-member Election Committee drawn from broad regional groupings, municipal organizations, and central government bodies
Telephone system general assessment:
telephone service limited mostly to government and business use; HF radiotelephone used extensively for military links

domestic:
limited system of wire, microwave radio relay, and tropospheric scatter

international:
satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
general assessment:
fairly modern communication facilities maintained for domestic and international services

domestic:
NA

international:
HF radiotelephone communication facility; access to international communications carriers provided via Hong Kong and China; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use 62,000 (1997) 176,837 (2000)
Telephones - mobile cellular 7,052 (1997) 120,957 (2000)
Television broadcast stations 7 (1999) 0 (receives Hong Kong broadcasts) (1997)
Terrain narrow coastal plain rises abruptly to vast interior plateau generally flat
Total fertility rate 6.48 children born/woman (2001 est.) 1.31 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate extensive unemployment and underemployment affecting more than half the population (2000 est.) 6.6% (2000)
Waterways 1,295 km none
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