Macau (2004)

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Macau 2004 year


Administrative divisions	none (special administrative region of China)
Age structure	0-14 years: 18% (male 41,460; female 38,595) 15-64 years: 74.2% (male 157,629; female 172,810) 65 years and over: 7.8% (male 14,380; female 20,412) (2004 est.)
Agriculture - products	vegetables, livestock
Airports	1 (2003 est.)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 1 over 3,047 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Area	total: 25.4 sq km land: 25.4 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative	about 0.1 times the size of Washington, DC
Background	Colonized by the Portuguese in the 16th century, Macau was the first European settlement in the Far East. Pursuant to an agreement signed by China and Portugal on 13 April 1987, Macau became the Macau Special Administrative Region (SAR) of China on 20 December 1999. China has promised that, under its "one country, two systems" formula, China's socialist economic system will not be practiced in Macau, and that Macau will enjoy a high degree of autonomy in all matters except foreign and defense affairs for the next 50 years.
Birth rate	8.04 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Budget	revenues: $1.9 billion expenditures: $1.68 billion, including capital expenditures of $194 million (2002)
Climate	subtropical; marine with cool winters, warm summers
Coastline	41 km
Constitution	Basic Law, approved in March 1993 by China's National People's Congress, is Macau's "mini-constitution"
Country name	conventional long form: Macau Special Administrative Region conventional short form: Macau local long form: Aomen Tebie Xingzhengqu (Chinese); Regiao Administrativa Especial de Macau (Portuguese) local short form: Aomen (Chinese); Macau (Portuguese)
Currency	pataca (MOP)
Death rate	4.23 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Debt - external	$121 million (2001 est.)
Dependency status	special administrative region of China
Diplomatic representation from the US	the US has no offices in Macau; US interests are monitored by the US Consulate General in Hong Kong
Diplomatic representation in the US	none (special administrative region of China)
Disputes - international	none
Economic aid - recipient	NA (1997)
Economy - overview	Macau's well-to-do economy has remained one of the most open in the world since its reversion to China in 1999. The territory's net exports of goods and services account for roughly 41% of GDP with tourism and apparel exports as the mainstays. Although the territory was hit hard by the 1998 Asian financial crisis and the global downturn in 2001, its economy grew 9.5% in 2002. A rapid rise in the number of mainland visitors because of China's easing of restrictions on travel drove the recovery. The budget also returned to surplus in 2002 because of the surge in visitors from China and a hike in taxes on gambling profits, which generated about 70% of government revenue. The liberalization of Macao's gambling monopoly contributes to GDP growth, as the three companies awarded gambling licenses have pledged to invest $2.2 billion in the territory. Much of Macau's textile industry may move to the mainland as the Multi-Fiber Agreement is phased out. The territory may have to rely more on gambling and trade-related services to generate growth. The government estimated GDP growth at 4% in 2003 with the drop in large measure due to concerns over the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), but private sector analysts think the figure may have been higher because of the continuing boom in tourism.
Electricity - consumption	1.688 billion kWh (2002)
Electricity - exports	1 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports	193 million kWh (2002)
Electricity - production	1.611 billion kWh (2002)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: South China Sea 0 m highest point: Coloane Alto 172.4 m
Environment - current issues	NA
Ethnic groups	Chinese 95%, Macanese (mixed Portuguese and Asian ancestry), Portuguese, other
Exchange rates	patacas per US dollar - 8.0212 (2003), 8.0334 (2002), 8.0335 (2001), 8.0259 (2000), 7.9919 (1999)
Executive branch	chief of state: President of China HU Jintao (since 15 March 2003) head of government: Chief Executive Edmund HO Hau-wah (since 20 December 1999) cabinet: Executive Council consists of all one government secretary, four legislators, four businessmen, and one pro-Beijing unionist elections: chief executive chosen by a 300-member selection committee for up to two five-year terms election results: Edmund HO Hau-wah reelected on 29 August 2004; received 296 votes in Election Committee out of 300 possible; 3 members submitted blank ballots; 1 member was absent
Exports	1 million kWh (2001)
Exports	$2.356 billion f.o.b. (2002)
Exports	NA (2001)
Exports - commodities	clothing, textiles, footwear, cement, machines, and parts
Exports - partners	US 49.4%, China 14.1%, Germany 8.1%, Hong Kong 6.7%, UK 4.5% (2003)
Fiscal year	calendar year
Flag description	light green with a lotus flower above a stylized bridge and water in white, beneath an arc of five gold, five-pointed stars: one large in center of arc and four smaller
GDP	purchasing power parity - $9.1 billion (2003 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 1% industry: 12% services: 87% (2002 est.)
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $19,400 (2003 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	4% (2003 est.)
Geographic coordinates	22 10 N, 113 33 E
Geography - note	essentially urban; one causeway and two bridges connect the two islands of Coloane and Taipa to the peninsula on mainland
Highways	total: 271 km paved: 271 km unpaved: 0 km (2000)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Imports	193 million kWh (2002)
Imports	$2.53 billion c.i.f. (2002)
Imports	NA (2001)
Imports - commodities	clothing, textiles, yarn, foodstuffs, fuel, automobiles, capital goods
Imports - partners	China 43%, Hong Kong 12.7%, Japan 8.7%, Taiwan 5.6% (2003)
Independence	none (special administrative region of China)
Industrial production growth rate	NA
Industries	tourism, gambling, clothing, textiles, electronics, footwear, toys
Infant mortality rate	total: 4.39 deaths/1,000 live births male: 4.59 deaths/1,000 live births female: 4.19 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	-2.6% (2003 est.)
International organization participation	IMF, IMO (associate), Interpol (sub-bureau), ISO (correspondent), UNESCO (associate), UPU, WCO, WMO, WToO (associate), WTO
Irrigated land	NA sq km
Judicial branch	The Court of Final Appeal in the Macau Special Administrative Region
Labor force	214,000 (2002)
Labor force - by occupation	manufacturing 20%, construction 7%, transport and communications 6%, wholesale and retail trade 15%, restaurants and hotels 12%, gambling 7%, public sector 8%, other services and agriculture 25% (2002 est.)
Land boundaries	total: 0.34 km regional border: China 0.34 km
Land use	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% note: "green areas" represent 22.4% (2001)
Languages	Portuguese, Chinese (Cantonese)
Legal system	based on Portuguese civil law system
Legislative branch	unicameral Legislative Council or LEGCO (27 seats; 10 elected by popular vote, 10 by indirect vote, and sevem appointed by the chief executive; members serve four-year terms); number of legislators will increase to 29 from September 2005 elections: last held 23 September 2001 (next to be September 2005) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats by political bloc - Entertainment Industry 3, pro-democracy 2, pro-Beijing Labor Union 2, pro-Beijing Neighborhood Association 2, pro-business 1
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 82.03 years male: 79.2 years female: 84.99 years (2004 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 94.5% male: 97.2% female: 92% (2003 est.)
Location	Eastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and China
Map references	Southeast Asia
Maritime claims	not specified
Merchant marine	none
Military branches	responsibility for defense reverted to China on 20 December 1999; there are local police forces
Military manpower - availability	males age 15-49: 125,060 (2004 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service	males age 15-49: 68,913 (2004 est.)
National holiday	National Day (Anniversary of the Founding of the People's Republic of China), 1 October (1949); note - 20 December 1999 is celebrated as Macau Special Administrative Region Establishment Day
Nationality	noun: Chinese adjective: Chinese
Natural hazards	typhoons
Natural resources	NEGL
Net migration rate	4.86 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Political parties and leaders	Some civic associations operate as de facto political parties: Electoral Union; Pro-Macao and Flower of Friendship and Development of Macao; Associacao para a Defesa dos Interesses de Macao; Centro Democratico de Macao; Grupo Independente de Macao; Macau Economic Promotion Association; Progress Promotion Union; Development Union
Political pressure groups and leaders	Catholic Church [LAI Hung-sing, bishop]; Macau Society of Tourism and Entertainment or STDM [Stanley HO, managing director]; Union for Democracy Development [Antonio NG Kuok-cheong, leader]
Population	445,286 (July 2004 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA
Population growth rate	0.87% (2004 est.)
Ports and harbors	Macau
Radio broadcast stations	AM 0, FM 2, shortwave 0 (1998)
Religions	Buddhist 50%, Roman Catholic 15%, none and other 35% (1997 est.)
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.91 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.7 male(s)/female total population: 0.92 male(s)/female (2004 est.)
Suffrage	direct election 18 years of age, universal for permanent residents living in Macau for the past seven years; indirect election limited to organizations registered as "corporate voters" (257 are currently registered) and a 300-member Election Committee drawn from broad regional groupings, municipal organizations, and central government bodies
Telephone system	general assessment: fairly modern communication facilities maintained for domestic and international services domestic: NA international: country code - 853; HF radiotelephone communication facility; access to international communications carriers provided via Hong Kong and China; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use	174,600 (2003)
Telephones - mobile cellular	364,000 (2003)
Television broadcast stations	1 (2003)
Terrain	generally flat
Total fertility rate	0.93 children born/woman (2004 est.)
Unemployment rate	6.3% (2003)

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