Lithuania (2002)

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Lithuania 2002 year


Administrative divisions	10 counties (apskritys, singular - apskritis); Alytaus, Kauno, Klaipedos, Marijampoles, Panevezio, Siauliu, Taurages, Telsiu, Utenos, Vilniaus
Age structure	0-14 years: 18.2% (male 333,966; female 319,992) 15-64 years: 68% (male 1,184,969; female 1,265,711) 65 years and over: 13.8% (male 167,789; female 328,711) (2002 est.)
Agriculture - products	grain, potatoes, sugar beets, flax, vegetables; beef, milk, eggs; fish
Airports	72 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 9 over 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 under 914 m: 3 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 63 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 914 to 1,523 m: 5 under 914 m: 55 (2002)
Area	total: 65,200 sq km land: NA sq km water: NA sq km
Area - comparative	slightly larger than West Virginia
Background	Independent between the two World Wars, Lithuania was annexed by the USSR in 1940. On 11 March 1990, Lithuania became the first of the Soviet republics to declare its independence, but this proclamation was not generally recognized until September of 1991 (following the abortive coup in Moscow). The last Russian troops withdrew in 1993. Lithuania subsequently has restructured its economy for eventual integration into Western European institutions.
Birth rate	10.22 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Budget	revenues: $1.59 billion expenditures: $1.77 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2001 est.)
Capital	Vilnius
Climate	transitional, between maritime and continental; wet, moderate winters and summers
Coastline	99 km
Constitution	adopted 25 October 1992
Country name	conventional long form: Republic of Lithuania conventional short form: Lithuania local long form: Lietuvos Respublika local short form: Lietuva former: Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic
Currency	litas (LTL)
Death rate	12.87 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Debt - external	$5.8 billion (2002 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US	chief of mission: Ambassador John F. TEFFT embassy: 2600 Akmenu 6, Vilnius mailing address: American Embassy, Vilnius, PSC 78, Box V, APO AE 09723 telephone: [370] (2) 665-500 FAX: [370] (2) 665-510
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Vygaudas USACKAS chancery: 2622 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009 telephone: [1] (202) 234-5860 FAX: [1] (202) 328-0466 consulate(s) general: Chicago and New York
Disputes - international	the Russian Duma has not ratified 1997 boundary treaty; the Latvian Parliament has not ratified its 1998 maritime boundary treaty with Lithuania, primarily due to concerns over oil exploration rights
Economic aid - recipient	$228.5 million (1995) (1995)
Economy - overview	Lithuania, the Baltic state that has conducted the most trade with Russia, has been slowly rebounding from the 1998 Russian financial crisis. High unemployment, still 12% in 2002, and weak consumption have held back recovery. Trade has been increasingly oriented toward the West. Lithuania has gained membership in the World Trade Organization and has moved ahead with plans to join the EU. Privatization of the large, state-owned utilities, particularly in the energy sector, is underway. Overall, more than 80% of enterprises have been privatized. The US government and business aid have helped in the transition from the old command economy to a market economy.
Electricity - consumption	6.898 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - exports	6.3 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - imports	3 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - production	10.966 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - production by source	fossil fuel: 20% hydro: 3% nuclear: 77% other: 0% (2000)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Baltic Sea 0 m highest point: Juozapines/Kalnas 292 m
Environment - current issues	contamination of soil and groundwater with petroleum products and chemicals at military bases
Environment - international agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
Ethnic groups	Lithuanian 80.6%, Russian 8.7%, Polish 7%, Belarusian 1.6%, other 2.1%
Exchange rates	litai per US dollar - 3.4946 (15 October 2002), 3.4794 (1 July 2002), 4.000 (fixed rate between 1 May 1994 and 1 February 2002); note - litai is the plural of litas; effective 1 February 2002 the litas was pegged to the euro at a rate of 3.4528
Executive branch	chief of state: President Rolandas PAKSAS (since 26 February 2003) head of government: Premier Algirdas Mykolas BRAZAUSKAS (since 3 July 2001) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the nomination of the premier elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 22 December 2002 and 5 January 2003 (next to be held in late 2007); premier appointed by the president on the approval of the Parliament election results: Rolandas PAKSAS elected president; percent of vote - Rolandas PAKSAS 54.9%, Valdas ADAMKUS 45.1%
Exports	6.3 billion kWh (2000)
Exports	$5.4 billion f.o.b. (2002 est.)
Exports - commodities	mineral products 23%, textiles and clothing 16%, machinery and equipment 11%, chemicals 6%, wood and wood products 5%, foodstuffs 5% (2001)
Exports - partners	UK 13.8%, Latvia 12.6%, Germany 12.6%, Russia 11%, Poland 6.3% (2001)
Fiscal year	calendar year
Flag description	three equal horizontal bands of yellow (top), green, and red
GDP	purchasing power parity - $29.2 billion (2002 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 8% industry: 31% services: 61% (2001 est.)
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $8,400 (2002 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	4.5% (2002 est.)
Geographic coordinates	56 00 N, 24 00 E
Geography - note	fertile central plains are separated by hilly uplands that are ancient glacial deposits
Highways	total: 44,000 km paved: 35,500 km unpaved: 8,500 km (2001)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: 3% highest 10%: 26% (1996) (1996)
Illicit drugs	transshipment point for opiates and other illicit drugs from Southwest Asia, Latin America, and Western Europe to Western Europe and Scandinavia; limited production of methamphetamine and ecstasy; susceptible to money laundering
Imports	3 billion kWh (2000)
Imports	$6.8 billion f.o.b. (2002 est.)
Imports - commodities	mineral products 21%, machinery and equipment 17%, transport equipment 11%, chemicals 9%, textiles and clothing 9%, metals 5% (2001)
Imports - partners	Russia 25.3%, Germany 17.2%, Poland 4.9%, Italy 4.2%, France 3.8% (2001)
Independence	11 March 1990 (independence declared from Soviet Union); 6 September 1991 (Soviet Union recognizes Lithuania's independence)
Industrial production growth rate	6% (2002 est.)
Industries	metal-cutting machine tools, electric motors, television sets, refrigerators and freezers, petroleum refining, shipbuilding (small ships), furniture making, textiles, food processing, fertilizers, agricultural machinery, optical equipment, electronic components, computers, amber
Infant mortality rate	14.34 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	0.8% (2002 est.)
International organization participation	ACCT (observer), BIS, CBSS, CCC, CE, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, EU (applicant), FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIK, UPU, WCL, WEU (associate partner), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	32 (2001)
Irrigated land	90 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch	Constitutional Court; Supreme Court; Court of Appeal; judges for all courts appointed by the President
Labor force	1.5 million (2001 est.)
Labor force - by occupation	industry 30%, agriculture 20%, services 50% (1997 est.)
Land boundaries	total: 1,273 km border countries: Belarus 502 km, Latvia 453 km, Poland 91 km, Russia (Kaliningrad) 227 km
Land use	arable land: 45.46% permanent crops: 0.93% other: 53.61% (1998 est.)
Languages	Lithuanian (official), Polish, Russian
Legal system	based on civil law system; legislative acts can be appealed to the constitutional court
Legislative branch	unicameral Parliament or Seimas (141 seats, 71 members are directly elected by popular vote, 70 are elected by proportional representation; members serve four-year terms) elections: last held 8 October 2000 (next to be held NA October 2004) election results: percent of vote by party - Social Democratic Coalition 31.1%, New Union-Social Liberals 19.6%, Liberal Union 17.2%, TS 8.6%, remaining parties all less than 5%; seats by party - Social Democratic Coalition 52, Liberal Union 34, New Union-Social Liberals 29, TS 9, Farmer's Party 4, Center Union 2, Poles' Electoral Action 2, Modern Christian Democratic Union 1, independents 3, others 5
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 69.42 years male: 63.54 years female: 75.6 years (2002 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 98% male: 99% female: 98% (1989 est.)
Location	Eastern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, between Latvia and Russia
Map references	Europe
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine	total: 47 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 279,743 GRT/304,156 DWT ships by type: cargo 25, combination bulk 8, petroleum tanker 2, railcar carrier 1, refrigerated cargo 6, roll on/roll off 2, short-sea passenger 3 note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Denmark 13 (2002 est.)
Military branches	Ground Forces, Navy, Air and Air Defense Force, National Volunteer Defense Forces (SKAT)
Military expenditures - dollar figure	$230.8 million (FY01)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	1.9% (FY01)
Military manpower - availability	males age 15-49: 933,638 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service	males age 15-49: 733,415 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - military age	18 years of age (2002 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually	males: 28,506 (2002 est.)
National holiday	Independence Day, 16 February (1918); note - 16 February 1918 is the date of independence from German, Austrian, Prussian, and Russian occupation, 11 March 1990 is the date of independence from the Soviet Union
Nationality	noun: Lithuanian(s) adjective: Lithuanian
Natural hazards	NA
Natural resources	peat, arable land
Net migration rate	0.15 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Pipelines	crude oil, 105 km; natural gas 760 km (1992)
Political parties and leaders	Christian Democratic Party or LKDP [Kazys BOBELIS, chairman]; Electoral Action of Lithuanian Poles [Valdemar TOMASZEVSKI, chairman]; Homeland Union/Conservative Party or TS [Vytautas LANDSBERGIS, chairman]; Lithuanian Center Union or LCS [Kestutis GLAVECKAS, chairman]; Lithuanian Farmer's Party or LUP [Ramunas KARBAUSKIS, chairman]; Lithuanian Green Party [Rimantas BRAZIULIS]; Lithuanian Liberal Union [Eugenijus GENTVILAS, chairman]; Lithuanian Liberal Youth [Neringa MOROZAITE]; Lithuanian National Democratic Party [Vygintas GONTIS]; Lithuanian Social Democratic Coalition [Algirdas BRAZAUSKAS, chairman] consists of the Lithuanian Democratic Labor Party or LDDP, the Lithuanian Social Democratic Party or LSPD, and New Democracy; Moderate Conservative Union [Gediminas VAGNORIUS]; Modern Christian Democratic Union [Vytautas BOGUSIS, chairman]; New Democracy and Farmer's Union [Kazimiera PRUNSKIENE, chairman]; New Union-Social Liberals [Arturas PAULAUSKAS, chairman]; Young Lithuania [Arnoldas PLATELIS]
Political pressure groups and leaders	NA
Population	3,601,138 (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA%
Population growth rate	-0.25% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors	Butinge, Kaunas, Klaipeda
Radio broadcast stations	AM 29, FM 142, shortwave 1 (2001)
Radios	1.9 million (1997)
Railways	total: 1,998 km broad gauge: 1,807 km 1.524-m gauge (122 km electrified) standard gauge: 22 km 1.435-m gauge narrow gauge: 169 km 0.750-m gauge (2001)
Religions	Roman Catholic (primarily), Lutheran, Russian Orthodox, Protestant, Evangelical Christian Baptist, Muslim, Jewish
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.94 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.51 male(s)/female total population: 0.88 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: inadequate, but is being modernized to provide an improved international capability and better residential access domestic: a national, fiber-optic cable, interurban, trunk system is nearing completion; rural exchanges are being improved and expanded; mobile cellular systems are being installed; access to the Internet is available; still many unsatisfied telephone subscriber applications international: landline connections to Latvia and Poland; major international connections to Denmark, Sweden, and Norway by submarine cable for further transmission by satellite
Telephones - main lines in use	1.142 million (2001)
Telephones - mobile cellular	500,000 (2001)
Television broadcast stations	27 note: Lithuania has approximately 27 broadcasting stations, but may have as many as 100 transmitters, including repeater stations (2001)
Terrain	lowland, many scattered small lakes, fertile soil
Total fertility rate	1.4 children born/woman (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate	12.5% (2001 est.)
Waterways	600 km (perennially navigable)

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