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Compare Uzbekistan (2008) - Nauru (2004)

Compare Uzbekistan (2008) z Nauru (2004)

 Uzbekistan (2008)Nauru (2004)
 UzbekistanNauru
Administrative divisions 12 provinces (viloyatlar, singular - viloyat), 1 autonomous republic* (respublika), and 1 city** (shahar); Andijon Viloyati, Buxoro Viloyati, Farg'ona Viloyati, Jizzax Viloyati, Namangan Viloyati, Navoiy Viloyati, Qashqadaryo Viloyati (Qarshi), Qoraqalpog'iston Respublikasi* (Nukus), Samarqand Viloyati, Sirdaryo Viloyati (Guliston), Surxondaryo Viloyati (Termiz), Toshkent Shahri**, Toshkent Viloyati, Xorazm Viloyati (Urganch)


note: administrative divisions have the same names as their administrative centers (exceptions have the administrative center name following in parentheses)
14 districts; Aiwo, Anabar, Anetan, Anibare, Baiti, Boe, Buada, Denigomodu, Ewa, Ijuw, Meneng, Nibok, Uaboe, Yaren
Age structure 0-14 years: 32.4% (male 4,587,338/female 4,416,014)


15-64 years: 62.8% (male 8,636,226/female 8,817,633)


65 years and over: 4.8% (male 543,417/female 779,431) (2007 est.)
0-14 years: 38.2% (male 2,516; female 2,372)


15-64 years: 60% (male 3,782; female 3,898)


65 years and over: 1.9% (male 128; female 113) (2004 est.)
Agriculture - products cotton, vegetables, fruits, grain; livestock coconuts
Airports 54 (2007) 1 (2003 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 33


over 3,047 m: 6


2,438 to 3,047 m: 13


1,524 to 2,437 m: 5


914 to 1,523 m: 5


under 914 m: 4 (2007)
total: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 21


2,438 to 3,047 m: 2


under 914 m: 19 (2007)
-
Area total: 447,400 sq km


land: 425,400 sq km


water: 22,000 sq km
total: 21 sq km


land: 21 sq km


water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative slightly larger than California about 0.1 times the size of Washington, DC
Background Russia conquered Uzbekistan in the late 19th century. Stiff resistance to the Red Army after World War I was eventually suppressed and a socialist republic set up in 1924. During the Soviet era, intensive production of "white gold" (cotton) and grain led to overuse of agrochemicals and the depletion of water supplies, which have left the land poisoned and the Aral Sea and certain rivers half dry. Independent since 1991, the country seeks to gradually lessen its dependence on agriculture while developing its mineral and petroleum reserves. Current concerns include terrorism by Islamic militants, economic stagnation, and the curtailment of human rights and democratization. Nauru's phosphate deposits began to be mined early in the 20th century by a German-British consortium; the island was occupied by Australian forces in World War I. Nauru achieved independence in 1968 and joined the UN in 1999. Nauru is the world's smallest independent republic.
Birth rate 26.46 births/1,000 population (2007 est.) 25.61 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Budget revenues: $6.584 billion


expenditures: $6.652 billion (2007 est.)
revenues: $23.4 million


expenditures: $64.8 million, including capital expenditures of NA (FY95/96)
Capital name: Tashkent (Toshkent)


geographic coordinates: 41 20 N, 69 18 E


time difference: UTC+5 (10 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
no official capital; government offices in Yaren District
Climate mostly midlatitude desert, long, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid grassland in east tropical with a monsoonal pattern; rainy season (November to February)
Coastline 0 km (doubly landlocked); note - Uzbekistan includes the southern portion of the Aral Sea with a 420 km shoreline 30 km
Constitution adopted 8 December 1992 29 January 1968
Country name conventional long form: Republic of Uzbekistan


conventional short form: Uzbekistan


local long form: Ozbekiston Respublikasi


local short form: Ozbekiston


former: Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic
conventional long form: Republic of Nauru


conventional short form: Nauru


former: Pleasant Island
Currency - Australian dollar (AUD)
Death rate 7.73 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.) 6.95 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Debt - external $5.398 billion (31 December 2007 est.) $33.3 million (2002)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission: Ambassador Richard B. NORLAND


embassy: 3 Moyqo'rq'on, 5th Block, Yunusobod District, Tashkent 100093


mailing address: use embassy street address


telephone: [998] (71) 120-5450


FAX: [998] (71) 120-6335
the US does not have an embassy in Nauru; the US Ambassador to Fiji is accredited to Nauru
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador Abdulaziz KAMILOV


chancery: 1746 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036


telephone: [1] (202) 887-5300


FAX: [1] (202) 293-6804


consulate(s) general: New York
Nauru does not have an embassy in the US, but does have a UN office at 800 2nd Avenue, Suite 400 D, New York, New York 10017; telephone: (212) 937-0074


consulate(s): Hagatna (Guam)
Disputes - international prolonged drought and cotton monoculture in Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan creates water-sharing difficulties for Amu Darya river states; field demarcation of the boundaries with Kazakhstan commenced in 2004; border delimitation of 130 km of border with Kyrgyzstan is hampered by serious disputes around enclaves and other areas none
Economic aid - recipient $172.3 million from the US (2005) $2.25 million from Australia (FY96/97 est.) (2000 est.)
Economy - overview Uzbekistan is a dry, landlocked country of which 11% consists of intensely cultivated, irrigated river valleys. More than 60% of its population lives in densely populated rural communities. Uzbekistan is now the world's second-largest cotton exporter and fifth largest producer; it relies heavily on cotton production as the major source of export earnings. Other major export earners include gold, natural gas, and oil. Following independence in September 1991, the government sought to prop up its Soviet-style command economy with subsidies and tight controls on production and prices. While aware of the need to improve the investment climate, the government still sponsors measures that often increase, not decrease, its control over business decisions. A sharp increase in the inequality of income distribution has hurt the lower ranks of society since independence. In 2003, the government accepted Article VIII obligations under the IMF, providing for full currency convertibility. However, strict currency controls and tightening of borders have lessened the effects of convertibility and have also led to some shortages that have further stifled economic activity. The Central Bank often delays or restricts convertibility, especially for consumer goods. Potential investment by Russia and China in Uzbekistan's gas and oil industry may boost growth prospects. In November 2005, Russian President Vladimir PUTIN and Uzbekistan President KARIMOV signed an "alliance," which included provisions for economic and business cooperation. Russian businesses have shown increased interest in Uzbekistan, especially in mining, telecom, and oil and gas. In 2006, Uzbekistan took steps to rejoin the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) and the Eurasian Economic Community (EurASEC), both organizations dominated by Russia. Uzbek authorities have accused US and other foreign companies operating in Uzbekistan of violating Uzbek tax laws and have frozen their assets. US firms have not made major investments in Uzbekistan in the last six years. Revenues of this tiny island have traditionally come from exports of phosphates, but reserves are now depleted. Few other resources exist with most necessities being imported, mainly from Australia, its former occupier and later major source of support. The rehabilitation of mined land and the replacement of income from phosphates are serious long-term problems. In anticipation of the exhaustion of Nauru's phosphate deposits, substantial amounts of phosphate income have been invested in trust funds to help cushion the transition and provide for Nauru's economic future. As a result of heavy spending from the trust funds, the government faces virtual bankruptcy. To cut costs the government has called for a freeze on wages, a reduction of over-staffed public service departments, privatization of numerous government agencies, and closure of some overseas consulates. In recent years Nauru has encouraged the registration of offshore banks and corporations. In 2004 the deterioration in housing, hospitals, and other capital plant continued, and the cost to Australia of keeping the government and economy afloat has substantially mounted. Few comprehensive statistics on the Nauru economy exist, with estimates of Nauru's GDP varying widely.
Electricity - consumption 47 billion kWh (2006 est.) 27.9 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports 6.8 billion kWh (2006) 0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports 10.5 billion kWh (2006 est.) 0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - production 49 billion kWh (2006 est.) 30 million kWh (2001)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Sariqarnish Kuli -12 m


highest point: Adelunga Toghi 4,301 m
lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m


highest point: unnamed location along plateau rim 61 m
Environment - current issues shrinkage of the Aral Sea is resulting in growing concentrations of chemical pesticides and natural salts; these substances are then blown from the increasingly exposed lake bed and contribute to desertification; water pollution from industrial wastes and the heavy use of fertilizers and pesticides is the cause of many human health disorders; increasing soil salination; soil contamination from buried nuclear processing and agricultural chemicals, including DDT limited natural fresh water resources, roof storage tanks collect rainwater, but mostly dependent on a single, aging desalination plant; intensive phosphate mining during the past 90 years - mainly by a UK, Australia, and NZ consortium - has left the central 90% of Nauru a wasteland and threatens limited remaining land resources
Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups Uzbek 80%, Russian 5.5%, Tajik 5%, Kazakh 3%, Karakalpak 2.5%, Tatar 1.5%, other 2.5% (1996 est.) Nauruan 58%, other Pacific Islander 26%, Chinese 8%, European 8%
Exchange rates Uzbekistani soum per US dollar - 1,263.8 (2007), 1,219.8 (2006), 1,020 (2005), 971.265 (2004), 771.029 (2003) Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.5419 (2003), 1.2641 (2002) 1.9320 (2001), 1.7173 (2000), 1.5497 (1999)
Executive branch chief of state: President Islom KARIMOV (since 24 March 1990, when he was elected president by the then Supreme Soviet)


head of government: Prime Minister Shavkat MIRZIYOYEV (since 11 December 2003); First Deputy Prime Minister Rustam AZIMOV (since 2 January 2008)


cabinet: Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the president with approval of the Supreme Assembly


elections: president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term (eligible for a second term; previously was a five-year term, extended by constitutional amendment in 2002); election last held 23 December 2007 (next to be held in 2014); prime minister, ministers, and deputy ministers appointed by the president


election results: Islom KARIMOV reelected president; percent of vote - Islom KARIMOV 88.1%, Aslidden RUSTAMOV 3.2%, Dilorom TASHMUKHAMEDOVA 2.9%, Akmal SAIDOV 2.6%
chief of state: President Ludwig SCOTTY (since 26 October 2004); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


head of government: President Ludwig SCOTTY (since 26 October 2004); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president from among the members of Parliament


elections: president elected by Parliament for a three-year term; election last held 23 October 2004 (next to be held NA 2007)


election results: Ludwig SCOTTY was unopposed in the parliamentary elections for president
Exports 6,941 bbl/day (2004) NA (2001)
Exports - commodities cotton, gold, energy products, mineral fertilizers, ferrous and non-ferrous metals, textiles, food products, machinery, automobiles phosphates
Exports - partners Russia 23.7%, Poland 11.6%, China 10.4%, Turkey 7.6%, Kazakhstan 5.9%, Ukraine 4.7%, Bangladesh 4.3% (2006) Japan 42.3%, India 38.5%, South Korea 7.7% (2003)
Fiscal year calendar year 1 July - 30 June
Flag description three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, and green separated by red fimbriations with a white crescent moon and 12 white stars in the upper hoist-side quadrant blue with a narrow, horizontal, yellow stripe across the center and a large white 12-pointed star below the stripe on the hoist side; the star indicates the country's location in relation to the Equator (the yellow stripe) and the 12 points symbolize the 12 original tribes of Nauru
GDP - purchasing power parity - $60 million (2001 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 27.3%


industry: 30.3%


services: 42.4% (2007 est.)
agriculture: NA


industry: NA


services: NA
GDP - per capita - purchasing power parity - $5,000 (2001 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 8.1% (2007 est.) NA
Geographic coordinates 41 00 N, 64 00 E 0 32 S, 166 55 E
Geography - note along with Liechtenstein, one of the only two doubly landlocked countries in the world Nauru is one of the three great phosphate rock islands in the Pacific Ocean - the others are Banaba (Ocean Island) in Kiribati and Makatea in French Polynesia; only 53 km south of Equator
Highways - total: 30 km


paved: 24 km


unpaved: 6 km (1999 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: 2.8%


highest 10%: 29.6% (2003)
lowest 10%: NA


highest 10%: NA
Illicit drugs transit country for Afghan narcotics bound for Russian and, to a lesser extent, Western European markets; limited illicit cultivation of cannabis and small amounts of opium poppy for domestic consumption; poppy cultivation almost wiped out by government crop eradication program; transit point for heroin precursor chemicals bound for Afghanistan offshore banking recently stopped, remains on Financial Action Task Force Non-Cooperative Countries and Territories List for continued failure to address deficiencies in money-laundering control regime
Imports 11,230 bbl/day (2004) NA (2001)
Imports - commodities machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, chemicals, ferrous and non-ferrous metals food, fuel, manufactures, building materials, machinery
Imports - partners Russia 27.6%, South Korea 15.1%, China 10.3%, Germany 7.8%, Kazakhstan 7.2%, Ukraine 4.7%, Turkey 4.5% (2006) Australia 67.9%, Indonesia 10.7%, US 7.1% (2003)
Independence 1 September 1991 (from Soviet Union) 31 January 1968 (from the Australia-, NZ-, and UK-administered UN trusteeship)
Industrial production growth rate 12% (2007 est.) NA
Industries textiles, food processing, machine building, metallurgy, gold, petroleum, natural gas, chemicals phosphate mining, offshore banking, coconut products
Infant mortality rate total: 68.89 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 73.5 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 64.05 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)
total: 10.14 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 12.76 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 7.39 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 16% officially, but 38% based on analysis of consumer prices (2007 est.) -3.6% (1993)
International organization participation ADB, CIS, CSTO, EAEC, EAPC, EBRD, ECO, FAO, GCTU, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, SCO, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer) ACP, AsDB, C, FAO, ICAO, ICCt, Interpol, IOC, ITU, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO
Irrigated land 42,810 sq km (2003) NA sq km
Judicial branch Supreme Court (judges are nominated by the president and confirmed by the Supreme Assembly) Supreme Court
Labor force 14.6 million (2007 est.) -
Labor force - by occupation agriculture: 44%


industry: 20%


services: 36% (1995)
employed in mining phosphates, public administration, education, and transportation
Land boundaries total: 6,221 km


border countries: Afghanistan 137 km, Kazakhstan 2,203 km, Kyrgyzstan 1,099 km, Tajikistan 1,161 km, Turkmenistan 1,621 km
0 km
Land use arable land: 10.51%


permanent crops: 0.76%


other: 88.73% (2005)
arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (2001)
Languages Uzbek 74.3%, Russian 14.2%, Tajik 4.4%, other 7.1% Nauruan (official, a distinct Pacific Island language), English widely understood, spoken, and used for most government and commercial purposes
Legal system based on civil law system; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction acts of the Nauru Parliament and British common law
Legislative branch bicameral Supreme Assembly or Oliy Majlis consists of an upper house or Senate (100 seats; 84 members are elected by regional governing councils and 16 appointed by the president; to serve five-year terms) and a lower house or Legislative Chamber (120 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)


elections: last held 26 December 2004 and 9 January 2005 (next to be held December 2009)


election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; Legislative Chamber - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - LDPU 41, NDP 32, Fidokorlar 17, MTP 11, Adolat 9, unaffiliated 10


note: all parties in the Supreme Assembly support President KARIMOV
unicameral Parliament (18 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve three-year terms)


elections: last held 3 May 2003 (next to be held not later than May 2006)


election results: percent of vote - NA; seats - Nauru First Party 3, independents 15
Life expectancy at birth total population: 64.98 years


male: 61.57 years


female: 68.56 years (2007 est.)
total population: 62.33 years


male: 58.78 years


female: 66.06 years (2004 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 99.3%


male: 99.6%


female: 99% (2003 est.)
definition: NA


total population: NA


male: NA


female: NA
Location Central Asia, north of Afghanistan Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, south of the Marshall Islands
Map references Asia Oceania
Maritime claims none (doubly landlocked) territorial sea: 12 nm


contiguous zone: 24 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Merchant marine - none
Military - note - Nauru maintains no defense forces; under an informal agreement, defense is the responsibility of Australia
Military branches Army, Air and Air Defense Forces, National Guard no regular military forces; Nauru Police Force
Military expenditures - dollar figure - NA
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 2% (2005 est.) NA
Military manpower - availability - males age 15-49: 3,275 (2004 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service - males age 15-49: 1,810 (2004 est.)
National holiday Independence Day, 1 September (1991) Independence Day, 31 January (1968)
Nationality noun: Uzbekistani


adjective: Uzbekistani
noun: Nauruan(s)


adjective: Nauruan
Natural hazards NA periodic droughts
Natural resources natural gas, petroleum, coal, gold, uranium, silver, copper, lead and zinc, tungsten, molybdenum phosphates, fish
Net migration rate -1.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.) 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Pipelines gas 9,725 km; oil 868 km (2007) -
Political parties and leaders Adolat (Justice) Social Democratic Party [Dilorom TASHMUHAMMEDOVA]; Democratic National Rebirth Party (Milly Tiklanish) or MTP [Hurshid DOSMUHAMMEDOV]; Fidokorlar National Democratic Party (Self-Sacrificers) [Ahtam TURSUNOV]; Liberal Democratic Party of Uzbekistan or LDPU [Adham SHADMANOV; People's Democratic Party or NDP (formerly Communist Party) [Asliddin RUSTAMOV] loose multiparty system; Democratic Party [Kennan ADEANG]; Nauru Party (informal) [leader NA]; Naoero Amo (Nauru First) Party [leader NA]
Political pressure groups and leaders Agrarian and Entrepreneurs' Party [Marat ZAHIDOV]; Birlik (Unity) Movement [Abdurakhim POLAT, chairman]; Committee for the Protection of Human Rights [Marat ZAHIDOV]; Erk (Freedom) Democratic Party [Muhammad SOLIH, chairman] was banned 9 December 1992; Ezgulik Human Rights Society [Vasila INOYATOVA]; Free Farmers' Party or Ozod Dehqonlar [Nigora KHIDOYATOVA]; Human Rights Society of Uzbekistan [Talib YAKUBOV, chairman]; Independent Human Rights Organization of Uzbekistan [Mikhail ARDZINOV, chairman]; Mazlum; Sunshine Coalition [Sanjar UMAROV, chairman] NA
Population 27,780,059 (July 2007 est.) 12,809 (July 2004 est.)
Population below poverty line 33% (2004 est.) NA
Population growth rate 1.732% (2007 est.) 1.87% (2004 est.)
Ports and harbors - Nauru
Radio broadcast stations AM 4, FM 6, shortwave 3 (2006) AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0 (1998)
Railways total: 3,950 km


broad gauge: 3,950 km 1.520-m gauge (620 km electrified) (2006)
-
Religions Muslim 88% (mostly Sunnis), Eastern Orthodox 9%, other 3% Christian (two-thirds Protestant, one-third Roman Catholic)
Sex ratio at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.039 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.979 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.697 male(s)/female


total population: 0.982 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 1.13 male(s)/female


total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2004 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 20 years of age; universal and compulsory
Telephone system general assessment: antiquated and inadequate; in serious need of modernization


domestic: the main line telecommunications system is dilapidated and telephone density is low; the state-owned telecom company, Uzbektelecom, is using a US$110 million loan from the Japanese government to improve main line services; mobile services are growing swiftly, with the subscriber base more than doubling in 2007 to 5.8 million


international: country code - 998; linked by landline or microwave radio relay with CIS member states and to other countries by leased connection via the Moscow international gateway switch; after the completion of the Uzbek link to the Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic cable, Uzbekistan will be independent of Russian facilities for international communications (2006)
general assessment: adequate local and international radiotelephone communication provided via Australian facilities


domestic: NA


international: country code - 674; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use 1.793 million (2005) 1,900 (2002)
Telephones - mobile cellular 5.8 million (2007) 1,500 (2002)
Television broadcast stations 8 (includes 1 cable rebroadcaster in Tashkent; approximately 20 stations in regional capitals) (2006) 1 (1997)
Terrain mostly flat-to-rolling sandy desert with dunes; broad, flat intensely irrigated river valleys along course of Amu Darya, Syr Darya (Sirdaryo), and Zarafshon; Fergana Valley in east surrounded by mountainous Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan; shrinking Aral Sea in west sandy beach rises to fertile ring around raised coral reefs with phosphate plateau in center
Total fertility rate 2.88 children born/woman (2007 est.) 3.29 children born/woman (2004 est.)
Unemployment rate 0.8% officially by the Ministry of Labor, plus another 20% underemployed (2007 est.) 0% (2002 est.)
Waterways 1,100 km (2006) -
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