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Compare Uganda (2001) - Malawi (2002)

Compare Uganda (2001) z Malawi (2002)

 Uganda (2001)Malawi (2002)
 UgandaMalawi
Administrative divisions 45 districts; Adjumani, Apac, Arua, Bugiri, Bundibugyo, Bushenyi, Busia, Gulu, Hoima, Iganga, Jinja, Kabale, Kabarole, Kalangala, Kampala, Kamuli, Kapchorwa, Kasese, Katakwi, Kibale, Kiboga, Kisoro, Kitgum, Kotido, Kumi, Lira, Luwero, Masaka, Masindi, Mbale, Mbarara, Moroto, Moyo, Mpigi, Mubende, Mukono, Nakasongola, Nebbi, Ntungamo, Pallisa, Rakai, Rukungiri, Sembabule, Soroti, Tororo 27 districts; Balaka, Blantyre, Chikwawa, Chiradzulu, Chitipa, Dedza, Dowa, Karonga, Kasungu, Likoma, Lilongwe, Machinga (Kasupe), Mangochi, Mchinji, Mulanje, Mwanza, Mzimba, Ntcheu, Nkhata Bay, Nkhotakota, Nsanje, Ntchisi, Phalombe, Rumphi, Salima, Thyolo, Zomba
Age structure 0-14 years:
51.08% (male 6,150,038; female 6,100,880)

15-64 years:
46.78% (male 5,613,499; female 5,607,526)

65 years and over:
2.14% (male 244,216; female 269,553) (2001 est.)
0-14 years: 44% (male 2,358,730; female 2,347,017)


15-64 years: 53.2% (male 2,810,478; female 2,884,601)


65 years and over: 2.8% (male 120,761; female 180,237) (2002 est.)
Agriculture - products coffee, tea, cotton, tobacco, cassava (tapioca), potatoes, corn, millet, pulses; beef, goat meat, milk, poultry tobacco, sugarcane, cotton, tea, corn, potatoes, cassava (tapioca), sorghum, pulses; cattle, goats, groundnuts, Macadamia nuts
Airports 28 (2000 est.) 44 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways total:
4

over 3,047 m:
3

1,524 to 2,437 m:
1 (2000 est.)
total: 6


over 3,047 m: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 4 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
24

2,438 to 3,047 m:
1

1,524 to 2,437 m:
6

914 to 1,523 m:
9

under 914 m:
8 (2000 est.)
total: 37


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 14


under 914 m: 22 (2002)
Area total:
236,040 sq km

land:
199,710 sq km

water:
36,330 sq km
total: 118,480 sq km


land: 94,080 sq km


water: 24,400 sq km
Area - comparative slightly smaller than Oregon slightly smaller than Pennsylvania
Background Uganda achieved independence from the UK in 1962. The dictatorial regime of Idi AMIN (1971-79) was responsible for the deaths of some 300,000 opponents; guerrilla war and human rights abuses under Milton OBOTE (1980-85) claimed another 100,000 lives. During the 1990s the government promulgated non-party presidential and legislative elections. Established in 1891, the British protectorate of Nyasaland became the independent nation of Malawi in 1964. After three decades of one-party rule, the country held multiparty elections in 1994 under a provisional constitution, which took full effect the following year. National multiparty elections were held again in 1999.
Birth rate 47.52 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) 37.13 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Budget revenues:
$959 million

expenditures:
$1.04 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY98/99 est.)
revenues: $490 million


expenditures: $523 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY99/00 est.)
Capital Kampala Lilongwe
Climate tropical; generally rainy with two dry seasons (December to February, June to August); semiarid in northeast sub-tropical; rainy season (November to May); dry season (May to November)
Coastline 0 km (landlocked) 0 km (landlocked)
Constitution 8 October 1995; adopted by the interim, 284-member Constituent Assembly, charged with debating the draft constitution that had been proposed in May 1993; the Constituent Assembly was dissolved upon the promulgation of the constitution in October 1995 18 May 1994
Country name conventional long form:
Republic of Uganda

conventional short form:
Uganda
conventional long form: Republic of Malawi


conventional short form: Malawi


former: British Central African Protectorate, Nyasaland Protectorate, Nyasaland
Currency Ugandan shilling (UGX) Malawian kwacha (MWK)
Death rate 17.97 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) 23.2 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Debt - external $3.6 billion (2000 est.) $2.8 billion (2001 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Martin G. BRENNAN

embassy:
Parliament Avenue, Kampala

mailing address:
P. O. Box 7007, Kampala

telephone:
[256] (41) 259792, 259793, 259795

FAX:
[256] (41) 259794
chief of mission: Ambassador Roger A. MEECE


embassy: Area 40, Plot 24, Kenyatta Road


mailing address: P. O. Box 30016, Lilongwe 3, Malawi


telephone: [265] (1) 773 166


FAX: [265] (1) 770 471
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Edith Grace SSEMPALA

chancery:
5911 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20011

telephone:
[1] (202) 726-7100 through 7102, 0416

FAX:
[1] (202) 726-1727
chief of mission: Ambassador Paul Tony Steven KANDIERO


chancery: 2408 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 797-1007


FAX: [1] (202) 265-0976
Disputes - international the Ugandan military is deployed to the Democratic Republic of Congo in support of rebel forces in that country's civil war; a resurvey of the latitudinal boundary with Tanzania in 2000 revealed a 300-meter discrepancy that both sides are currently adjudicating Malawi and Tanzania maintain a largely dormant dispute over the boundary in Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi) and current location of historical boundary in meandering Songwe River
Economic aid - recipient $1.4 billion (2000) $427 million (1999) (1999)
Economy - overview Uganda has substantial natural resources, including fertile soils, regular rainfall, and sizable mineral deposits of copper and cobalt. Agriculture is the most important sector of the economy, employing over 80% of the work force. Coffee is the major export crop and accounts for the bulk of export revenues. Since 1986, the government - with the support of foreign countries and international agencies - has acted to rehabilitate and stabilize the economy by undertaking currency reform, raising producer prices on export crops, increasing prices of petroleum products, and improving civil service wages. The policy changes are especially aimed at dampening inflation and boosting production and export earnings. In 1990-2000, the economy turned in a solid performance based on continued investment in the rehabilitation of infrastructure, improved incentives for production and exports, reduced inflation, gradually improved domestic security, and the return of exiled Indian-Ugandan entrepreneurs. Ongoing Ugandan involvement in the war in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, corruption within the government, and slippage in the government's determination to press reforms raise doubts about the continuation of strong growth. In 2000, Uganda qualified for enhanced HIPC debt relief worth $1.3 billion and Paris Club debt relief worth $145 million. These amounts combined with the original Highly Indebted Poor Countries HIPC debt relief add up to about $2 billion. Growth for 2001 should be somewhat lower than in 2000, because of a decline in the price of coffee, Uganda's principal export. Landlocked Malawi ranks among the world's least developed countries. The economy is predominately agricultural, with about 90% of the population living in rural areas. Agriculture accounts for 40% of GDP and 88% of export revenues. The economy depends on substantial inflows of economic assistance from the IMF, the World Bank, and individual donor nations. In late 2000, Malawi was approved for relief under the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) program. The government faces strong challenges, e.g., to fully develop a market economy, to improve educational facilities, to face up to environmental problems, and to deal with the rapidly growing problem of HIV/AIDS. The performance of the tobacco sector is key to short-term growth.
Electricity - consumption 1.06 billion kWh (1999) 767.25 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - exports 174 million kWh (1999) 0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - imports 1 million kWh (1999) 0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - production 1.326 billion kWh (1999) 825 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
0.98%

hydro:
99.02%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
fossil fuel: 3%


hydro: 97%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2000)
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Lake Albert 621 m

highest point:
Margherita Peak on Mount Stanley 5,110 m
lowest point: junction of the Shire River and international boundary with Mozambique 37 m


highest point: Sapitwa (Mount Mlanje) 3,002 m
Environment - current issues draining of wetlands for agricultural use; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; water hyacinth infestation in Lake Victoria; poaching is widespread deforestation; land degradation; water pollution from agricultural runoff, sewage, industrial wastes; siltation of spawning grounds endangers fish populations
Environment - international agreements party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
Environmental Modification
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
Ethnic groups Baganda 17%, Karamojong 12%, Basogo 8%, Iteso 8%, Langi 6%, Rwanda 6%, Bagisu 5%, Acholi 4%, Lugbara 4%, Bunyoro 3%, Batoro 3%, non-African (European, Asian, Arab) 1%, other 23% Chewa, Nyanja, Tumbuka, Yao, Lomwe, Sena, Tonga, Ngoni, Ngonde, Asian, European
Exchange rates Ugandan shillings per US dollar - 1,700 (February 2001), 1,830.4 (January 2001), 1,644.5 (2000), 1,454.8 (1999), 1,240.2 (1998), 1,083.0 (1997), 1,046.1 (1996) Malawian kwachas per US dollar - 67.3111 (December 2001), 72.1973 (2001), 59.5438 (2000), 44.0881 (1999), 31.0727 (1998), 16.4442 (1997)
Executive branch chief of state:
President Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI (since seizing power 29 January 1986); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government

head of government:
President Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI (since seizing power 29 January 1986); Prime Minister Apollo NSIBAMBI (since 5 April 1999); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government; the prime minister assists the president in the supervision of the cabinet

cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the president from among elected legislators

elections:
president reelected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 12 March 2001 (next to be held NA 2006); note - first popular election for president since independence in 1962 was held in 1996; prime minister appointed by the president

election results:
Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI elected president; percent of vote - Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI 69.3%, Kizza BESIGYE 27.8%
chief of state: President Bakili MULUZI (since 21 May 1994); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


head of government: President Bakili MULUZI (since 21 May 1994); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


cabinet: 38-member Cabinet named by the president


elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 15 June 1999 (next to be held NA 2004)


election results: Bakili MULUZI reelected president; percent of vote - Bakili MULUZI (UDF) 51.4%, Gwandaguluwe CHAKUAMBA (MCP-AFORD) 44.3%
Exports $500.1 million (f.o.b., 1999) $415.5 million f.o.b. (2001)
Exports - commodities coffee, fish and fish products, tea; electrical products, iron and steel tobacco, tea, sugar, cotton, coffee, peanuts, wood products, apparel
Exports - partners Spain, Germany, Belgium, Netherlands, Hungary, Kenya (1999) South Africa 18%, Germany 13%, US 13%, UK 10%, Japan 7%, Netherlands 3% (2000)
Fiscal year 1 July - 30 June 1 July - 30 June
Flag description six equal horizontal bands of black (top), yellow, red, black, yellow, and red; a white disk is superimposed at the center and depicts a red-crested crane (the national symbol) facing the hoist side three equal horizontal bands of black (top), red, and green with a radiant, rising, red sun centered in the black band
GDP purchasing power parity - $26.2 billion (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $7 billion (2001 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
43%

industry:
17%

services:
40% (1998 est.)
agriculture: 40%


industry: 19%


services: 41% (2000 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $1,100 (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $660 (2001 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 6% (2000 est.) 1.7% (2001 est.)
Geographic coordinates 1 00 N, 32 00 E 13 30 S, 34 00 E
Geography - note landlocked landlocked; Lake Nyasa, some 580 km long, is the country's most prominent physical feature
Government - note - the executive exerts considerable influence over the legislature
Heliports 1 (2000 est.) -
Highways total:
27,000 km

paved:
1,800 km

unpaved:
25,200 km (of which about 4200 km are all-weather roads) (1990)
total: 14,594 km


paved: 2,773 km


unpaved: 11,821 km (2001)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
3%

highest 10%:
33.4% (1992)
lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
Imports $1.1 billion (f.o.b., 1999) $463.6 million f.o.b. (2001)
Imports - commodities vehicles, petroleum, medical supplies; cereals food, petroleum products, semimanufactures, consumer goods, transportation equipment
Imports - partners Kenya 27.5%, US 21.2%, France 19.3, UK 5%, India 4% (1999) South Africa 40%, UK 11%, Zimbabwe 7%, Japan 5%, Germany 2%, US 1.8%, Zambia (2000)
Independence 9 October 1962 (from UK) 6 July 1964 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate 7% (1999) 2.5% (2001 est.)
Industries sugar, brewing, tobacco, cotton textiles, cement tobacco, tea, sugar, sawmill products, cement, consumer goods
Infant mortality rate 91.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) 119.96 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 6.5% (2000) 28.6% (2001 est.)
International organization participation ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, EADB, ECA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, MONUC, NAM, OAU, OPCW, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIK, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 2 (2000) 7 (2001)
Irrigated land 90 sq km (1993 est.) 280 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch Court of Appeal (judges are appointed by the president and approved by the legislature); High Court (judges are appointed by the president) Supreme Court of Appeal; High Court (chief justice appointed by the president, puisne judges appointed on the advice of the Judicial Service Commission); magistrate's courts
Labor force 8.361 million (1993 est.) 4.5 million (2001 est.)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 82%, industry 5%, services 13% (1999 est.) agriculture 86% (1997 est.)
Land boundaries total:
2,698 km

border countries:
Democratic Republic of the Congo 765 km, Kenya 933 km, Rwanda 169 km, Sudan 435 km, Tanzania 396 km
total: 2,881 km


border countries: Mozambique 1,569 km, Tanzania 475 km, Zambia 837 km
Land use arable land:
25%

permanent crops:
9%

permanent pastures:
9%

forests and woodland:
28%

other:
29% (1993 est.)
arable land: 19.93%


permanent crops: 1.33%


other: 78.74% (1998 est.)
Languages English (official national language, taught in grade schools, used in courts of law and by most newspapers and some radio broadcasts), Ganda or Luganda (most widely used of the Niger-Congo languages, preferred for native language publications in the capital and may be taught in school), other Niger-Congo languages, Nilo-Saharan languages, Swahili, Arabic English (official), Chichewa (official), other languages important regionally
Legal system in 1995, the government restored the legal system to one based on English common law and customary law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations based on English common law and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court of Appeal; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch unicameral National Assembly (276 members - 214 directly elected by popular vote, 62 nominated by legally established special interest groups and approved by the president - women 39, army 10, disabled 5, youth 5, labor 3; members serve five-year terms)

elections:
last held 27 June 1996 (next to be held May or June 2001);

election results:
percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA; note - election campaigning by party was not permitted
unicameral National Assembly (193 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)


elections: last held 15 June 1999 (next to be held NA 2004)


election results: percent of vote by party - UDF 48%, MCP 34%, AFORD 15%, others 3%; seats by party - UDF 96, MCP 61, AFORD 30, others 6
Life expectancy at birth total population:
43.37 years

male:
42.59 years

female:
44.17 years (2001 est.)
total population: 36.59 years


male: 36.05 years


female: 37.15 years (2002 est.)
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
61.8%

male:
73.7%

female:
50.2% (1995 est.)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 58%


male: 72.8%


female: 43.4% (1999 est.)
Location Eastern Africa, west of Kenya Southern Africa, east of Zambia
Map references Africa Africa
Maritime claims none (landlocked) none (landlocked)
Merchant marine total:
3 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 5,091 GRT/8,229 DWT

ships by type:
roll on/roll off

note:
these ships are in cargo and passenger service on Uganda's inland waterways (2000 est.)
-
Military branches Army, Air Wing, Marine Unit Army (including Air Wing and Naval Detachment), Police (including paramilitary Mobile Force Unit)
Military expenditures - dollar figure $95 million (FY98/99) $9.5 million (FY00/01)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 1.9% (FY98/99) 0.76% (FY00/01)
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49:
5,118,755 (2001 est.)
males age 15-49: 2,535,207 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49:
2,778,457 (2001 est.)
males age 15-49: 1,301,625 (2002 est.)
National holiday Independence Day, 9 October (1962) Independence Day (Republic Day), 6 July (1964)
Nationality noun:
Ugandan(s)

adjective:
Ugandan
noun: Malawian(s)


adjective: Malawian
Natural hazards NA NA
Natural resources copper, cobalt, hydropower, limestone, salt, arable land limestone, arable land, hydropower, unexploited deposits of uranium, coal, and bauxite
Net migration rate -0.29 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

note:
according to the UNHCR, by the end of 1999, Uganda was host to 218,000 refugees from a number of neighboring countries, including: Sudan 200,600, Rwanda 8,000, and Democratic Republic of the Congo 8,000
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Political parties and leaders only one political organization, the National Resistance Movement or NRM [President MUSEVENI, chairman] is allowed to operate unfettered; note - the president maintains that the NRM is not a political party, but a movement which claims the loyalty of all Ugandans

note:
the new constitution requires the suspension of political parties while the Movement system is in governanace; of the political parties that exist but are prohibited from sponsoring candidates, the most important are the Ugandan People's Congress or UPC [Milton OBOTE]; Democratic Party or DP [Paul SSEMOGERERE]; Conservative Party or CP [Joshua S. MAYANJA-NKANGI]; Justice Forum [Muhammad Kibirige MAYANJA]; and National Democrats Forum [Chapaa KARUHANGA]
Alliance for Democracy or AFORD [Chakufwa CHIHANA, president]; Malawi Congress Party or MCP [Gwanda CHAKUAMBA, president, John TEMBO, vice president]; Malawi Democratic Party or MDP [Kampelo KALUA, president]; United Democratic Front or UDF [Bakili MULUZI] - governing party
Political pressure groups and leaders NA National Democratic Alliance [Brown MPINGANJIRA]
Population 23,985,712

note:
estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2001 est.)
10,701,824


note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line 55% (1993 est.) 54% (FY90/91 est. )
Population growth rate 2.93% (2001 est.) 1.39% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors Entebbe, Jinja, Port Bell Chipoka, Monkey Bay, Nkhata Bay, Nkhotakota, Chilumba
Radio broadcast stations AM 19, FM 4, shortwave 5 (1998) AM 9, FM 5 (plus 15 repeater stations), shortwave 2 (plus a third station held in standby status) (2001)
Radios 2.6 million (1997) 2.6 million (1997)
Railways total:
1,241 km

narrow gauge:
1,241 km 1.000-m gauge

note:
a program to rehabilitate the railroad is underway (1995)
total: 797 km


narrow gauge: 797 km 1.067-m gauge (2001)
Religions Roman Catholic 33%, Protestant 33%, Muslim 16%, indigenous beliefs 18% Protestant 55%, Roman Catholic 20%, Muslim 20%, indigenous beliefs 3%, other 2%
Sex ratio at birth:
1.03 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.01 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.91 male(s)/female

total population:
1 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.67 male(s)/female


total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment:
seriously inadequate; two cellular systems have been introduced, but a sharp increase in the number of main lines is essential; e-mail and Internet services are available

domestic:
intercity traffic by wire, microwave radio relay, and radiotelephone communication stations, fixed and mobile cellular systems for short range traffic

international:
satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 Inmarsat; analog links to Kenya and Tanzania
general assessment: NA


domestic: system employs open-wire lines, microwave radio relay links, and radiotelephone communications stations


international: satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use 50,074; however, 80,868 main lines were installed (1998) 38,000 (1999)
Telephones - mobile cellular 9,000 (1998) 49,000 (2000)
Television broadcast stations 8 (plus one low-power repeater) (1999) 1 (2001)
Terrain mostly plateau with rim of mountains narrow elongated plateau with rolling plains, rounded hills, some mountains
Total fertility rate 6.88 children born/woman (2001 est.) 5.04 children born/woman (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate NA% NA%
Waterways Lake Victoria, Lake Albert, Lake Kyoga, Lake George, Lake Edward, Victoria Nile, Albert Nile 144 km


note: on Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi) and Shire Riverall
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