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Compare Tuvalu (2003) - Sudan (2001)

Compare Tuvalu (2003) z Sudan (2001)

 Tuvalu (2003)Sudan (2001)
 TuvaluSudan
Administrative divisions none 26 states (wilayat, singular - wilayah); A'ali an Nil, Al Bahr al Ahmar, Al Buhayrat, Al Jazirah, Al Khartum, Al Qadarif, Al Wahdah, An Nil al Abyad, An Nil al Azraq, Ash Shamaliyah, Bahr al Jabal, Gharb al Istiwa'iyah, Gharb Bahr al Ghazal, Gharb Darfur, Gharb Kurdufan, Janub Darfur, Janub Kurdufan, Junqali, Kassala, Nahr an Nil, Shamal Bahr al Ghazal, Shamal Darfur, Shamal Kurdufan, Sharq al Istiwa'iyah, Sinnar, Warab
Age structure 0-14 years: 31.9% (male 1,838; female 1,772)


15-64 years: 63% (male 3,432; female 3,687)


65 years and over: 5.1% (male 231; female 345) (2003 est.)
0-14 years:
44.62% (male 8,227,011; female 7,870,783)

15-64 years:
53.29% (male 9,619,218; female 9,608,469)

65 years and over:
2.09% (male 425,898; female 328,994) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products coconuts; fish cotton, groundnuts (peanuts), sorghum, millet, wheat, gum arabic, sugarcane, cassara, mangos, papaya, bananas, sweet potatoes, sesame; sheep, livestock
Airports 1 (2002) 61 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways - total:
12

over 3,047 m:
1

2,438 to 3,047 m:
8

1,524 to 2,437 m:
3 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2002)
total:
49

1,524 to 2,437 m:
15

914 to 1,523 m:
25

under 914 m:
9 (2000 est.)
Area total: 26 sq km


land: 26 sq km


water: 0 sq km
total:
2,505,810 sq km

land:
2.376 million sq km

water:
129,810 sq km
Area - comparative 0.1 times the size of Washington, DC slightly more than one-quarter the size of the US
Background In 1974, ethnic differences within the British colony of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands caused the Polynesians of the Ellice Islands to vote for separation from the Micronesians of the Gilbert Islands. The following year, the Ellice Islands became the separate British colony of Tuvalu. Independence was granted in 1978. In 2000, Tuvalu negotiated a contract leasing its Internet domain name ".tv" for $50 million in royalties over the next dozen years. Military dictatorships promulgating an Islamic government have mostly run the country since independence from the UK in 1956. Over the past two decades, a civil war pitting black Christians and animists in the south against the Arab-Muslims of the north has cost at least 1.5 million lives in war- and famine-related deaths, as well as the displacement of millions of others.
Birth rate 21.58 births/1,000 population (2003 est.) 37.89 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues: $22.5 million


expenditures: $11.2 million, including capital expenditures of $4.2 million (2000 est.)
revenues:
$1.2 billion

expenditures:
$1.3 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.)
Capital Funafuti Khartoum
Climate tropical; moderated by easterly trade winds (March to November); westerly gales and heavy rain (November to March) tropical in south; arid desert in north; rainy season (April to October)
Coastline 24 km 853 km
Constitution 1 October 1978 12 April 1973, suspended following coup of 6 April 1985; interim constitution of 10 October 1985 suspended following coup of 30 June 1989; new constitution implemented on 30 June 1998 partially suspended 12 December 1999 by President BASHIR
Country name conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Tuvalu


former: Ellice Islands


note: "Tuvalu" means "group of eight," referring to the country's eight traditionally inhabited islands
conventional long form:
Republic of the Sudan

conventional short form:
Sudan

local long form:
Jumhuriyat as-Sudan

local short form:
As-Sudan

former:
Anglo-Egyptian Sudan
Currency Australian dollar (AUD); note - there is also a Tuvaluan dollar Sudanese dinar (SDD)
Death rate 7.34 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.) 10.04 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $NA $24.9 billion (2000 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US the US does not have an embassy in Tuvalu; the US ambassador to Fiji is accredited to Tuvalu US officials at the US Embassy in Khartoum were moved for security reasons in February 1996 and have been relocated to the US Embassies in Nairobi, Kenya, and Cairo, Egypt, from where they make periodic visits to Khartoum; the US Embassy in Khartoum is located on Sharia Abdul Latif Avenue; mailing address - P. O. Box 699, Khartoum; APO AE 09829; telephone - [249] (11) 774611 or 774700; FAX - [249] (11) 774137; the US Embassy in Nairobi, Kenya is located in the Interim Office Building on Mombasa Road, Nairobi; mailing address - P. O. Box 30137, Box 21A, Unit 64100, APO AE 09831; telephone - [254] (2) 751613; FAX - [254] (2) 743204; the US Embassy in Cairo, Egypt is located at (North Gate) 8, Kamel El-Din Salah Street, Garden City, Cairo; mailing address - Unit 64900, APO AE 09839-4900; telephone - [20] (2) 3557371; FAX - [20] (2) 3573200
Diplomatic representation in the US Tuvalu does not have an embassy in the US - the country's only diplomatic post is in Fiji - Tuvalu does, however, have a UN office located at 800 2nd Avenue, Suite 400D, New York, New York 10017, telephone: [1] (212) 490-0534 chief of mission:
Ambassador Mahdi Ibrahim MAHAMMAD (recalled to Khartoum in August 1998)

chancery:
2210 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:
[1] (202) 338-8565

FAX:
[1] (202) 667-2406
Disputes - international none administrative boundary with Kenya does not coincide with international boundary; Egypt asserts its claim to the "Hala'ib Triangle," a barren area of 20,580 sq km under partial Sudanese administration that is defined by an administrative boundary which supersedes the treaty boundary of 1899
Economic aid - recipient $13 million ; note - major donors are Australia, Japan, and the US (1999 est.) $187 million (1997)
Economy - overview Tuvalu consists of a densely populated, scattered group of nine coral atolls with poor soil. The country has no known mineral resources and few exports. Subsistence farming and fishing are the primary economic activities. Fewer than 1,000 tourists, on average, visit Tuvalu annually. Government revenues largely come from the sale of stamps and coins and worker remittances. About 1,000 Tuvaluans work in Nauru in the phosphate mining industry. Nauru has begun repatriating Tuvaluans, however, as phosphate resources decline. Substantial income is received annually from an international trust fund established in 1987 by Australia, NZ, and the UK and supported also by Japan and South Korea. Thanks to wise investments and conservative withdrawals, this Fund has grown from an initial $17 million to over $35 million in 1999. The US government is also a major revenue source for Tuvalu, because of payments from a 1988 treaty on fisheries. In an effort to reduce its dependence on foreign aid, the government is pursuing public sector reforms, including privatization of some government functions and personnel cuts of up to 7%. In 1998, Tuvalu began deriving revenue from use of its area code for "900" lines and in 2000, from the lease of its ".tv" Internet domain name. Royalties from these new technology sources could increase substantially over the next decade. With merchandise exports only a fraction of merchandise imports, continued reliance must be placed on fishing and telecommunications license fees, remittances from overseas workers, official transfers, and investment income from overseas assets. Sudan is buffeted by civil war, chronic instability, adverse weather, weak world agricultural prices, a drop in remittances from abroad, and counterproductive economic policies. The private sector's main areas of activity are agriculture (which employs 80% of the work force), trading, and light industry which is mostly processing of agricultural goods. Most of the 1990s were characterized by sluggish economic growth as the IMF suspended lending, declared Sudan a non-cooperative state, and threatened to expel Sudan from the IMF. Starting in 1997, Sudan began implementing IMF macroeconomic reforms which have successfully stabilized inflation at 10% or less. Sudan continues to have limited international credit resources as over 75% of Sudan's debt of $24.9 billion is in arrears and Khartoum's continued prosecution of the civil war works to isolate Sudan. In 1999, Sudan began exporting oil and in 1999-2000 had recorded its first trade surpluses. Current oil production stands at 185,000 barrels per day, of which about 70% is exported and the rest refined for domestic consumption. Despite its many infrastructure problems, Sudan's increased oil production, the return of regular rainfall, and recent investments in irrigation schemes should allow the country to achieve economic growth of 6% in 2001.
Electricity - consumption - 1.637 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports - 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports - 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - production - 1.76 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel: NA%


hydro: NA%


nuclear: NA%


other: NA%
fossil fuel:
42.05%

hydro:
57.95%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m


highest point: unnamed location 5 m
lowest point:
Red Sea 0 m

highest point:
Kinyeti 3,187 m
Environment - current issues since there are no streams or rivers and groundwater is not potable, most water needs must be met by catchment systems with storage facilities (the Japanese Government has built one desalination plant and plans to build one other); beachhead erosion because of the use of sand for building materials; excessive clearance of forest undergrowth for use as fuel; damage to coral reefs from the spread of the Crown of Thorns starfish; Tuvalu is very concerned about global increases in greenhouse gas emissions and their effect on rising sea levels, which threaten the country's underground water table; in 2000, the government appealed to Australia and New Zealand to take in Tuvaluans if rising sea levels should make evacuation necessary inadequate supplies of potable water; wildlife populations threatened by excessive hunting; soil erosion; desertification
Environment - international agreements party to: Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution


signed, but not ratified: Biodiversity, Law of the Sea
party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection

signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups Polynesian 96%, Micronesian 4% black 52%, Arab 39%, Beja 6%, foreigners 2%, other 1%
Exchange rates Tuvaluan dollars or Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.8406 (2002), 1.9320 (2001), 1.7173 (2000), 1.5497 (1999), 1.5888 (1998) Sudanese dinars per US dollar - 257.44 (January 2001), 257.12 (2000), 252.55 (1999), 200.80 (1998), 157.57 (1997), 125.08 (1996)
Executive branch chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Faimalaga LUKA (since 9 September 2003)


head of government: Prime Minister Saufatu SOPOANGA (since 2 August 2002)


cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the governor general on the recommendation of the prime minister


elections: the monarch is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch on the recommendation of the prime minister; prime minister and deputy prime minister elected by and from the members of Parliament; election last held 2 August 2002 (next to be held NA)


election results: Saufatu SOPOANGA elected prime minister; Parliamentary vote - Saufatu SOPOANGA 8, Amasone KILEI 7
chief of state:
President Lt. Gen. Umar Hasan Ahmad al-BASHIR (since 16 October 1993); First Vice President Ali Uthman Muhammad TAHA (since 17 February 1998), Second Vice President Moses MACHAR (since 12 February 2001); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

head of government:
President Lt. Gen. Umar Hasan Ahmad al-BASHIR (since 16 October 1993); First Vice President Ali Uthman Muhammad TAHA (since 17 February 1998), Second Vice President Moses MACHAR (since 12 February 2001); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

cabinet:
Council of Ministers appointed by the president; note - the National Congress Party (front for the National Islamic Front or NIF) dominates BASHIR's cabinet

elections:
president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 13-23 December 2000 (next to be held NA 2005)

election results:
Umar Hasan Ahmad al-BASHIR reelected president; percent of vote - Umar Hasan Ahmad al-BASHIR 86.5%, Ja'afar Muhammed NUMAYRI 9.6%, three other candidates received less than a combined 4% of the vote

note:
BASHIR assumed supreme executive power in 1989 and retained it through several transitional governments in the early and mid-90s before being popularly elected for the first time in March 1996
Exports $276,000 f.o.b. (1997) $1.7 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Exports - commodities copra, fish oil and petroleum products, cotton, sesame, livestock, groundnuts, gum arabic, sugar
Exports - partners UK 58.3%, Italy 16.7%, Denmark 8.3%, Fiji 8.3% (2002) Saudi Arabia 16%, Italy 10%, Germany 5%, France 3%, Thailand 3% (1999)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description light blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant; the outer half of the flag represents a map of the country with nine yellow five-pointed stars symbolizing the nine islands three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and black with a green isosceles triangle based on the hoist side
GDP purchasing power parity - $12.2 million (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $35.7 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: NA%


industry: NA%


services: NA%
agriculture:
39%

industry:
17%

services:
44% (1998 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $1,100 (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $1,000 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 3% (2000 est.) 7% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 8 00 S, 178 00 E 15 00 N, 30 00 E
Geography - note one of the smallest and most remote countries on Earth; six of the coral atolls - Nanumea, Nui, Vaitupu, Nukufetau, Funafuti, and Nukulaelae - have lagoons open to the ocean; Nanumaya and Niutao have landlocked lagoons; Niulakita does not have a lagoon largest country in Africa; dominated by the Nile and its tributaries
Heliports - 1 (2000 est.)
Highways total: 8 km


paved: 0 km


unpaved: 8 km (1999 est.)
total:
11,900 km

paved:
4,320 km

unpaved:
7,580 km (1996)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
Imports $7.2 million c.i.f. (1998) $1.2 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Imports - commodities food, animals, mineral fuels, machinery, manufactured goods foodstuffs, manufactured goods, machinery and transport equipment, medicines and chemicals, textiles
Imports - partners Hungary 68.2%, Japan 12.9%, Fiji 11.9% (2002) China 14.7%, Libya 14.7%, Saudi Arabia 8.9%, UK 8.7%, France 6.7% (1999)
Independence 1 October 1978 (from UK) 1 January 1956 (from Egypt and UK)
Industrial production growth rate NA% 5% (1996 est.)
Industries fishing, tourism, copra cotton ginning, textiles, cement, edible oils, sugar, soap distilling, shoes, petroleum refining, pharmaceuticals, armaments
Infant mortality rate total: 21.34 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 24.35 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 18.18 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
68.67 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 5% (2000 est.) 10% (2000 est.)
International organization participation ACP, AsDB, C, ESCAP, IFRCS (associate), ITU, Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WTrO (applicant) ABEDA, ACP, AfDB, AFESD, AL, AMF, CAEU, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNU, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO (observer)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 1 (2000) 1 (2000)
Irrigated land NA sq km 19,460 sq km (1993 est.)
Judicial branch High Court (a chief justice visits twice a year to preside over its sessions; its rulings can be appealed to the Court of Appeal in Fiji); eight Island Courts (with limited jurisdiction) Supreme Court; Special Revolutionary Courts
Labor force 7,000 (2001 est.) 11 million (1996 est.)
Labor force - by occupation people make a living mainly through exploitation of the sea, reefs, and atolls and from wages sent home by those abroad (mostly workers in the phosphate industry and sailors) agriculture 80%, industry and commerce 10%, government 6%, unemployed 4% (1996 est.)
Land boundaries 0 km total:
7,687 km

border countries:
Central African Republic 1,165 km, Chad 1,360 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo 628 km, Egypt 1,273 km, Eritrea 605 km, Ethiopia 1,606 km, Kenya 232 km, Libya 383 km, Uganda 435 km
Land use arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (1998 est.)
arable land:
5%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
46%

forests and woodland:
19%

other:
30% (1993 est.)
Languages Tuvaluan, English, Samoan, Kiribati (on the island of Nui) Arabic (official), Nubian, Ta Bedawie, diverse dialects of Nilotic, Nilo-Hamitic, Sudanic languages, English

note:
program of "Arabization" in process
Legal system NA based on English common law and Islamic law; as of 20 January 1991, the now defunct Revolutionary Command Council imposed Islamic law in the northern states; Islamic law applies to all residents of the northern states regardless of their religion; some separate religious courts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Legislative branch unicameral Parliament or Fale I Fono, also called House of Assembly (15 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)


elections: last held 25 July 2002 (next to be held NA 2006)


election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 15
unicameral National Assembly (400 seats; 275 elected by popular vote, 125 elected by a supra assembly of interest groups known as the National Congress)

elections:
last held 13-23 December 2000 (next to be held NA)

election results:
NA; few parties participated in the 2000 elections

note:
on 12 December 1999, BASHIR dismissed the National Assembly during an internal power struggle between the president and speaker of the National Assembly Hasan al-TURABI
Life expectancy at birth total population: 67.32 years


male: 65.15 years


female: 69.59 years (2003 est.)
total population:
56.94 years

male:
55.85 years

female:
58.08 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition: NA%


total population: NA%


male: NA%


female: NA%
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
46.1%

male:
57.7%

female:
34.6% (1995 est.)
Location Oceania, island group consisting of nine coral atolls in the South Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to Australia Northern Africa, bordering the Red Sea, between Egypt and Eritrea
Map references Oceania Africa
Maritime claims contiguous zone: 24 NM


exclusive economic zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM
contiguous zone:
18 NM

continental shelf:
200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation

territorial sea:
12 NM
Merchant marine total: 4 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 33,199 GRT/56,187 DWT


ships by type: cargo 2, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 1


note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Germany 5 (2002 est.)
total:
4 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 38,093 GRT/49,727 DWT

ships by type:
cargo 2, roll on/roll off 2 (2000 est.)
Military branches no regular military forces; Police Force (includes Maritime Surveillance Unit for search and rescue missions and surveillance operations) Army, Navy, Air Force, Popular Defense Force Militia
Military expenditures - dollar figure $NA $550 million (FY98)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP NA% NA%
Military manpower - availability - males age 15-49:
8,436,732 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service - males age 15-49:
5,194,862 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - military age - 18 years of age
Military manpower - reaching military age annually - males:
398,294 (2001 est.)
National holiday Independence Day, 1 October (1978) Independence Day, 1 January (1956)
Nationality noun: Tuvaluan(s)


adjective: Tuvaluan
noun:
Sudanese (singular and plural)

adjective:
Sudanese
Natural hazards severe tropical storms are usually rare, but, in 1997, there were three cyclones; low level of islands make them very sensitive to changes in sea level dust storms
Natural resources fish petroleum; small reserves of iron ore, copper, chromium ore, zinc, tungsten, mica, silver, gold, hydropower
Net migration rate 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.) 0.04 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Pipelines - refined products 815 km
Political parties and leaders there are no political parties but members of Parliament usually align themselves in informal groupings the government allows political "associations" under a 1998 law revised in 2000; to obtain government approval parties must accept the constitution and refrain from advocating or using violence against the regime; approved parties include the National Congress Party or NCP [Ibrahim Ahmed UMAR], Popular National Congress [Hassan al-TURABI], and a handful of minor pro-government parties
Political pressure groups and leaders none National Congress Party [Ibrahim Ahmed UMAR] (front for the National Islamic Front or NIF); Popular National Congress [Hassan al-TURABI]; Umma [Sadiq al-MAHDI]; Democratic Unionist Party [Muhammed Uthman AL-MIRGHANI]; National Democratic Alliance [Muhammed Uthman AL-MIRGHANI, chairman]; Sudan People's Liberation Army [Dr. John GARANG]
Population 11,305 (July 2003 est.) 36,080,373 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% NA%
Population growth rate 1.42% (2003 est.) 2.79% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors Funafuti, Nukufetau Juba, Khartoum, Kusti, Malakal, Nimule, Port Sudan, Sawakin
Radio broadcast stations AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0 (1999) AM 12, FM 1, shortwave 1 (1998)
Radios - 7.55 million (1997)
Railways 0 km total:
5,311 km

narrow gauge:
4,595 km 1.067-m gauge; 716 km 1.6096-m gauge plantation line

note:
the main line linking Khartoum to Port Sudan carries over two-thirds of Sudan's rail traffic
Religions Church of Tuvalu (Congregationalist) 97%, Seventh-Day Adventist 1.4%, Baha'i 1%, other 0.6% Sunni Muslim 70% (in north), indigenous beliefs 25%, Christian 5% (mostly in south and Khartoum)
Sex ratio at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.93 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.67 male(s)/female


total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2003 est.)
at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.05 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
1.29 male(s)/female

total population:
1.03 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 17 years of age; universal, but noncompulsory
Telephone system general assessment: serves particular needs for internal communications


domestic: radiotelephone communications between islands


international: NA
general assessment:
large, well-equipped system by regional standards and being upgraded; cellular communications started in 1996 and have expanded substantially

domestic:
consists of microwave radio relay, cable, radiotelephone communications, tropospheric scatter, and a domestic satellite system with 14 earth stations

international:
satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 Arabsat (2000)
Telephones - main lines in use 1,000 (1997) 400,000 (2000)
Telephones - mobile cellular 0 (1994) 20,000 (2000)
Television broadcast stations 0 (1997) 3 (1997)
Terrain very low-lying and narrow coral atolls generally flat, featureless plain; mountains in east and west
Total fertility rate 3.05 children born/woman (2003 est.) 5.35 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate NA% 4% (1996 est.)
Waterways none 5,310 km
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