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Compare Tonga (2008) - Samoa (2002)
Compare Tonga (2008) z Samoa (2002)
| Tonga (2008) | Samoa (2002) | |
 |  | |
| Administrative divisions | 3 island groups; Ha'apai, Tongatapu, Vava'u | 11 districts; A'ana, Aiga-i-le-Tai, Atua, Fa'asaleleaga, Gaga'emauga, Gagaifomauga, Palauli, Satupa'itea, Tuamasaga, Va'a-o-Fonoti, Vaisigano |
| Age structure | 0-14 years: 34.6% (male 20,624/female 19,779)
15-64 years: 61.2% (male 35,551/female 36,052) 65 years and over: 4.2% (male 2,087/female 2,828) (2007 est.) |
0-14 years: 30.6% (male 27,774; female 26,854)
15-64 years: 63.5% (male 71,358; female 42,150) 65 years and over: 5.9% (male 4,859; female 5,636) (2002 est.) |
| Agriculture - products | squash, coconuts, copra, bananas, vanilla beans, cocoa, coffee, ginger, black pepper; fish | coconuts, bananas, taro, yams |
| Airports | 6 (2007) | 3 (2001) |
| Airports - with paved runways | total: 1
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2007) |
total: 3
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2002) |
| Airports - with unpaved runways | total: 5
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 3 under 914 m: 1 (2007) |
total: 1
under 914 m: 1 (2002) |
| Area | total: 748 sq km
land: 718 sq km water: 30 sq km |
total: 2,944 sq km
land: 2,934 sq km water: 10 sq km |
| Area - comparative | four times the size of Washington, DC | slightly smaller than Rhode Island |
| Background | Tonga - unique among Pacific nations - never completely lost its indigenous governance. The archipelagos of "The Friendly Islands" were united into a Polynesian kingdom in 1845. Tonga became a constitutional monarchy in 1875 and a British protectorate in 1900; it withdrew from the protectorate and joined the Commonwealth of Nations in 1970. Tonga remains the only monarchy in the Pacific. | New Zealand occupied the German protectorate of Western Samoa at the outbreak of World War I in 1914. It continued to administer the islands as a mandate and then as a trust territory until 1962, when the islands became the first Polynesian nation to reestablish independence in the 20th century. The country dropped the "Western" from its name in 1997. |
| Birth rate | 23.67 births/1,000 population (2007 est.) | 15.53 births/1,000 population (2002 est.) |
| Budget | revenues: $56.97 million
expenditures: $83.88 million (FY04/05) |
revenues: $105 million
expenditures: $119 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (2001/2002) |
| Capital | name: Nuku'alofa
geographic coordinates: 21 08 S, 175 12 W time difference: UTC+13 (18 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) |
Apia |
| Climate | tropical; modified by trade winds; warm season (December to May), cool season (May to December) | tropical; rainy season (October to March), dry season (May to October) |
| Coastline | 419 km | 403 km |
| Constitution | 4 November 1875; revised 1 January 1967 | 1 January 1962 |
| Country name | conventional long form: Kingdom of Tonga
conventional short form: Tonga local long form: Pule'anga Tonga local short form: Tonga former: Friendly Islands |
conventional long form: Independent State of Samoa
conventional short form: Samoa former: Western Samoa |
| Currency | - | tala (WST) |
| Death rate | 5.2 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.) | 6.35 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.) |
| Debt - external | $80.7 million (2004) | $192 million (1999) |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | the US does not have an embassy in Tonga; the ambassador to Fiji is accredited to Tonga | chief of mission: the Ambassador to New Zealand is accredited to Samoa
embassy: 5th floor John Williams Building, Beach Road, Apia mailing address: P. O. Box 3430, Apia telephone: [685] 21631 FAX: [685] 22030 |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | chief of mission: Ambassador Fekitamoeloa 'UTOIKAMANU
chancery: 250 East 51st Street, New York, NY 10022 telephone: [1] (917) 369-1025 FAX: [1] (917) 369-1024 consulate(s) general: San Francisco |
chief of mission: Ambassador Tuiloma Neroni SLADE
chancery: 800 Second Avenue, Suite 400D, New York, NY 10017 telephone: [1] (212) 599-6196, 6197 FAX: [1] (212) 599-0797 |
| Disputes - international | none | none |
| Economic aid - recipient | $31.75 million (2005) | $42.9 million (1995) (1995) |
| Economy - overview | Tonga has a small, open, South Pacific island economy. It has a narrow export base in agricultural goods. Squash, coconuts, bananas, and vanilla beans are the main crops, and agricultural exports make up two-thirds of total exports. The country must import a high proportion of its food, mainly from New Zealand. The country remains dependent on external aid and remittances from Tongan communities overseas to offset its trade deficit. Tourism is the second-largest source of hard currency earnings following remittances. The government is emphasizing the development of the private sector, especially the encouragement of investment, and is committing increased funds for health and education. Tonga has a reasonably sound basic infrastructure and well-developed social services. High unemployment among the young, a continuing upturn in inflation, pressures for democratic reform, and rising civil service expenditures are major issues facing the government. | The economy of Samoa has traditionally been dependent on development aid, family remittances from overseas, and agricultural exports. The country is vulnerable to devastating storms. Agriculture employs two-thirds of the labor force, and furnishes 90% of exports, featuring coconut cream, coconut oil, and copra. The manufacturing sector mainly processes agricultural products. The decline of fish stocks in the area is a continuing problem. Tourism is an expanding sector, accounting for 16% of GDP; about 85,000 tourists visited the islands in 2000. The Samoan Government has called for deregulation of the financial sector, encouragement of investment, and continued fiscal discipline. Observers point to the flexibility of the labor market as a basic strength for future economic advances. Foreign reserves are in a relatively healthy state, the external debt is stable, and inflation is low. |
| Electricity - consumption | 32.55 million kWh (2005) | 95.79 million kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - exports | 0 kWh (2005) | 0 kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - imports | 0 kWh (2005) | 0 kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - production | 35 million kWh (2005) | 103 million kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - production by source | - | fossil fuel: 59%
hydro: 41% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000) |
| Elevation extremes | lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point: unnamed location on Kao Island 1,033 m |
lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point: Mauga Silisili 1,857 m |
| Environment - current issues | deforestation results as more and more land is being cleared for agriculture and settlement; some damage to coral reefs from starfish and indiscriminate coral and shell collectors; overhunting threatens native sea turtle populations | soil erosion |
| Environment - international agreements | party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
| Ethnic groups | Polynesian, Europeans | Samoan 92.6%, Euronesians 7% (persons of European and Polynesian blood), Europeans 0.4% |
| Exchange rates | pa'anga per US dollar - NA (2007), 2.0277 (2006), 1.96 (2005), 1.9716 (2004), 2.142 (2003) | tala per US dollar - 3.5236 (January 2002), 3.4722 (2001), 3.2712 (2000), 3.0120 (1999), 2.9429 (1998), 2.5562 (1997) |
| Executive branch | chief of state: King George TUPOU V (since 11 September 2006)
head of government: Prime Minister Dr. Feleti SEVELE (since 11 February 2006); Deputy Prime Minister Dr. Viliami TANGI (since 16 May 2006) cabinet: Cabinet consists of 14 members, 10 appointed by the monarch for life; four appointed from among the elected members of the Legislative Assembly, including two each from the nobles' and peoples' representatives serving three-year terms note: there is also a Privy Council that consists of the monarch, the cabinet, and two governors elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; prime minister and deputy prime minister appointed by the monarch |
chief of state: Chief Tanumafili II MALIETOA (cochief of state from 1 January 1962 until becoming sole chief of state 5 April 1963)
head of government: Prime Minister Sailele Malielegaoi TUILA'EPA (since 24 November 1998); note - TUILA'EPA served as deputy prime minister from 1992 until he assumed the prime ministership in November 1998, when former Prime Minister TOFILAU Eti Alesana resigned in poor health; the post of deputy prime minister is currently vacant cabinet: Cabinet consists of 12 members, appointed by the chief of state with the prime minister's advice elections: upon the death of Chief Tanumafili II MALIETOA, a new chief of state will be elected by the Legislative Assembly to serve a five-year term; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party is usually appointed prime minister by the chief of state with the approval of the Legislative Assembly |
| Exports | 0 bbl/day (2004) | $17 million f.o.b. (2000) |
| Exports - commodities | squash, fish, vanilla beans, root crops | fish, coconut oil and cream, copra, taro, garments, beer |
| Exports - partners | US 39.7%, Japan 27.8%, NZ 8.2%, South Korea 7.6% (2006) | Australia 62%, Indonesia 13%, US 11%, American Samoa 3%, New Zealand 3% (2000) |
| Fiscal year | 1 July - 30 June | calendar year |
| Flag description | red with a bold red cross on a white rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner | red with a blue rectangle in the upper hoist-side quadrant bearing five white five-pointed stars representing the Southern Cross constellation |
| GDP | - | purchasing power parity - $618 million (2001 est.) |
| GDP - composition by sector | agriculture: 23%
industry: 27% services: 50% (FY03/04 est.) |
agriculture: 16%
industry: 18% services: 66% (2000 est.) |
| GDP - per capita | - | purchasing power parity - $3,500 (2001 est.) |
| GDP - real growth rate | 2.4% (2005 est.) | 6% (2001 est.) |
| Geographic coordinates | 20 00 S, 175 00 W | 13 35 S, 172 20 W |
| Geography - note | archipelago of 169 islands (36 inhabited) | occupies an almost central position within Polynesia |
| Highways | - | total: 836 km
paved: 267 km unpaved: 569 km (1983) |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share | lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
| Imports | 842.3 bbl/day (2004) | $90 million f.o.b. (2000) |
| Imports - commodities | foodstuffs, machinery and transport equipment, fuels, chemicals | machinery and equipment, industrial supplies, foodstuffs |
| Imports - partners | Fiji 30.3%, NZ 27.7%, US 8.2%, Australia 7.5%, France 5.7%, UK 4.7% (2006) | Australia 27%, US 26%, New Zealand 14%, Fiji 12%, Japan 9% (2000) |
| Independence | 4 June 1970 (from UK protectorate) | 1 January 1962 (from New Zealand-administered UN trusteeship) |
| Industrial production growth rate | 1% (2003 est.) | 2.8% (2000) |
| Industries | tourism, fishing | food processing, building materials, auto parts |
| Infant mortality rate | total: 11.99 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 13.3 deaths/1,000 live births female: 10.61 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.) |
30.74 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.) |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | 11.1% (2005 est.) | 2.5% (2001 est.) |
| International organization participation | ACP, ADB, C, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, ITUC, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO | ACP, AsDB, C, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IMF, IMO, IOC, ITU, OPCW (signatory), Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO (observer) |
| Internet Service Providers (ISPs) | - | 2 (2000) |
| Irrigated land | NA | NA sq km |
| Judicial branch | Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the monarch); Court of Appeal (Chief Justice and high court justices from overseas chosen and approved by Privy Council) | Supreme Court; Court of Appeal |
| Labor force | 33,910 (2003) | 90,000 (2000 est.) |
| Labor force - by occupation | agriculture: 65%
industry and services: 35% (1997 est.) |
agriculture 65%, services 30%, industry 5% (1995 est.) |
| Land boundaries | 0 km | 0 km |
| Land use | arable land: 20%
permanent crops: 14.67% other: 65.33% (2005) |
arable land: 19.43%
permanent crops: 23.67% other: 56.9% (1998 est.) |
| Languages | Tongan, English | Samoan (Polynesian), English |
| Legal system | based on English common law | based on English common law and local customs; judicial review of legislative acts with respect to fundamental rights of the citizen; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction |
| Legislative branch | unicameral Legislative Assembly or Fale Alea (32 seats - 14 reserved for cabinet ministers sitting ex officio, nine for nobles selected by the country's 33 nobles, and nine elected by popular vote; members serve three-year terms)
elections: last held on 21 March 2005 (next to be held in 2008) election results: Peoples Representatives: percent of vote - HRDMT 70%, other 30%; seats - HRDMT 7, independents 2 |
unicameral Legislative Assembly or Fono (49 seats - 47 elected by Samoans, 2 elected by non-Samoans; only chiefs or matai may stand for election to the Fono; members serve five-year terms)
elections: byelection last held NA November 2001 (next byelection to be held 29 March 2002) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - HRPP 30, SNDP 13, independents 6 |
| Life expectancy at birth | total population: 70.12 years
male: 67.6 years female: 72.76 years (2007 est.) |
total population: 69.8 years
male: 67.06 years female: 72.69 years (2002 est.) |
| Literacy | definition: can read and write Tongan and/or English
total population: 98.9% male: 98.8% female: 99% (1999 est.) |
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 80% male: 81% female: 79% (1999) |
| Location | Oceania, archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand | Oceania, group of islands in the South Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand |
| Map references | Oceania | Oceania |
| Maritime claims | territorial sea: 12 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation |
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM |
| Merchant marine | total: 14 ships (1000 GRT or over) 58,756 GRT/67,889 DWT
by type: bulk carrier 1, cargo 9, liquefied gas 1, livestock carrier 1, passenger/cargo 1, refrigerated cargo 1 foreign-owned: 3 (Australia 1, Switzerland 1, UK 1) (2007) |
total: 1 ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 7,091 GRT/ 8,127 DWT
ships by type: cargo 1 note: includes a foreign-owned ship registered here as a flag of convenience: Germany 1 (2002 est.) |
| Military - note | - | Samoa has no formal defense structure or regular armed forces; informal defense ties exist with NZ, which is required to consider any Samoan request for assistance under the 1962 Treaty of Friendship |
| Military branches | Tonga Defense Services (TDS): Land Force (Royal Guard), Naval Force (includes Royal Marines, Air Wing) (2008) | no regular armed services; Samoa Police Force |
| Military expenditures - dollar figure | - | $NA |
| Military expenditures - percent of GDP | 0.9% (2006 est.) | NA% |
| National holiday | Emancipation Day, 4 June (1970) | Independence Day Celebration, 1 June (1962); note - 1 January 1962 is the date of independence from the New Zealand-administered UN trusteeship, 1 June 1962 is the date that independence is celebrated |
| Nationality | noun: Tongan(s)
adjective: Tongan |
noun: Samoan(s)
adjective: Samoan |
| Natural hazards | cyclones (October to April); earthquakes and volcanic activity on Fonuafo'ou | occasional typhoons; active volcanism |
| Natural resources | fish, fertile soil | hardwood forests, fish, hydropower |
| Net migration rate | 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.) | -11.64 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.) |
| Political parties and leaders | People's Democratic Party [Tesina FUKO] | Christian Democratic Party [leader NA]; Human Rights Protection Party or HRPP [Sailele Malielegaoi TUILA'EPA, chairman]; Samoa All People's Party or SAPP [Matatumua NAIMOAGA]; Samoan National Development Party or SNDP [LE MAMEA Ropati, chairman] (opposition); Samoa National Party [FETU Tiatia, party secretary]; Samoan Progressive Conservative Party [LEOTA Ituau Ale]; Samoan United Independent Party or SUIP [leader NA] |
| Political pressure groups and leaders | Human Rights and Democracy Movement Tonga or HRDMT [Rev. Simote VEA, chairman]; Public Servant's Association [Finau TUTONE] | NA |
| Population | 116,921 (July 2007 est.) | 178,631 (July 2002 est.) |
| Population below poverty line | 24% (FY03/04) | NA% |
| Population growth rate | 1.847% (2007 est.) | -0.25% (2002 est.) |
| Ports and harbors | - | Apia, Asau, Mulifanua, Salelologa |
| Radio broadcast stations | AM 1, FM 4, shortwave 1 (2001) | AM 1, FM 3, shortwave 0 (1998) |
| Radios | - | 174,849 (1997) |
| Railways | - | 0 km |
| Religions | Christian (Free Wesleyan Church claims over 30,000 adherents) | Christian 99.7% (about one-half of population associated with the London Missionary Society; includes Congregational, Roman Catholic, Methodist, Latter-Day Saints, Seventh-Day Adventist) |
| Sex ratio | at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.043 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.986 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.738 male(s)/female total population: 0.993 male(s)/female (2007 est.) |
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.69 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.86 male(s)/female total population: 1.39 male(s)/female (2002 est.) |
| Suffrage | 21 years of age; universal | 21 years of age; universal |
| Telephone system | general assessment: competition between Tonga Telecommunications Corporation (TCC) and Shoreline Communications Tonga (SCT) is accelerating expansion of telecommunications; SCT recently granted authority to develop high-speed digital service for telephone, Internet, and television
domestic: combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity roughly 40 telephones per 100 persons; fully automatic switched network international: country code - 676; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean) (2004) |
general assessment: adequate
domestic: NA international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean) |
| Telephones - main lines in use | 13,700 (2005) | 8,183 (1998) |
| Telephones - mobile cellular | 29,900 (2005) | 1,545 (February 1998) |
| Television broadcast stations | 3 (2004) | 6 (1997) |
| Terrain | most islands have limestone base formed from uplifted coral formation; others have limestone overlying volcanic base | narrow coastal plain with volcanic, rocky, rugged mountains in interior |
| Total fertility rate | 2.75 children born/woman (2007 est.) | 3.3 children born/woman (2002 est.) |
| Unemployment rate | 13% (FY03/04 est.) | NA%; note - substantial underemployment |
| Waterways | - | none |
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