Compare Tokelau (2008) - Macau (2004)

Compare Tokelau (2008) z Macau (2004)

	Tokelau (2008)	Macau (2004)

Administrative divisions	none (territory of New Zealand)	none (special administrative region of China)
Age structure	0-14 years: 42% 15-64 years: 53% 65 years and over: 5%	0-14 years: 18% (male 41,460; female 38,595) 15-64 years: 74.2% (male 157,629; female 172,810) 65 years and over: 7.8% (male 14,380; female 20,412) (2004 est.)
Agriculture - products	coconuts, copra, breadfruit, papayas, bananas; pigs, poultry, goats; fish	vegetables, livestock
Airports	-	1 (2003 est.)
Airports - with paved runways	-	total: 1 over 3,047 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Area	total: 10 sq km land: 10 sq km water: 0 sq km	total: 25.4 sq km land: 25.4 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative	about 17 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC	about 0.1 times the size of Washington, DC
Background	Originally settled by Polynesian emigrants from surrounding island groups, the Tokelau Islands were made a British protectorate in 1889. They were transferred to New Zealand administration in 1925.	Colonized by the Portuguese in the 16th century, Macau was the first European settlement in the Far East. Pursuant to an agreement signed by China and Portugal on 13 April 1987, Macau became the Macau Special Administrative Region (SAR) of China on 20 December 1999. China has promised that, under its "one country, two systems" formula, China's socialist economic system will not be practiced in Macau, and that Macau will enjoy a high degree of autonomy in all matters except foreign and defense affairs for the next 50 years.
Birth rate	NA	8.04 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Budget	revenues: $430,800 expenditures: $2.8 million (1987 est.)	revenues: $1.9 billion expenditures: $1.68 billion, including capital expenditures of $194 million (2002)
Capital	none; each atoll has its own administrative center time difference: UTC-11 (6 hours behind Washington, DC during Standard Time)	-
Climate	tropical; moderated by trade winds (April to November)	subtropical; marine with cool winters, warm summers
Coastline	101 km	41 km
Constitution	administered under the Tokelau Islands Act of 1948; amended in 1970	Basic Law, approved in March 1993 by China's National People's Congress, is Macau's "mini-constitution"
Country name	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Tokelau	conventional long form: Macau Special Administrative Region conventional short form: Macau local long form: Aomen Tebie Xingzhengqu (Chinese); Regiao Administrativa Especial de Macau (Portuguese) local short form: Aomen (Chinese); Macau (Portuguese)
Currency	-	pataca (MOP)
Death rate	NA	4.23 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Debt - external	-	$121 million (2001 est.)
Dependency status	self-administering territory of New Zealand; note - Tokelau and New Zealand have agreed to a draft constitution as Tokelau moves toward free association with New Zealand; a UN sponsored referendum on self governance in October 2007 did not produce the two-thirds majority vote necessary for changing the political status	special administrative region of China
Diplomatic representation from the US	none (territory of New Zealand)	the US has no offices in Macau; US interests are monitored by the US Consulate General in Hong Kong
Diplomatic representation in the US	none (territory of New Zealand)	none (special administrative region of China)
Disputes - international	Tokelau included American Samoa's Swains Island (Olohega) in its 2006 draft constitution	none
Economic aid - recipient	-	NA (1997)
Economy - overview	Tokelau's small size (three villages), isolation, and lack of resources greatly restrain economic development and confine agriculture to the subsistence level. The people rely heavily on aid from New Zealand - about $4 million annually - to maintain public services with annual aid being substantially greater than GDP. The principal sources of revenue come from sales of copra, postage stamps, souvenir coins, and handicrafts. Money is also remitted to families from relatives in New Zealand.	Macau's well-to-do economy has remained one of the most open in the world since its reversion to China in 1999. The territory's net exports of goods and services account for roughly 41% of GDP with tourism and apparel exports as the mainstays. Although the territory was hit hard by the 1998 Asian financial crisis and the global downturn in 2001, its economy grew 9.5% in 2002. A rapid rise in the number of mainland visitors because of China's easing of restrictions on travel drove the recovery. The budget also returned to surplus in 2002 because of the surge in visitors from China and a hike in taxes on gambling profits, which generated about 70% of government revenue. The liberalization of Macao's gambling monopoly contributes to GDP growth, as the three companies awarded gambling licenses have pledged to invest $2.2 billion in the territory. Much of Macau's textile industry may move to the mainland as the Multi-Fiber Agreement is phased out. The territory may have to rely more on gambling and trade-related services to generate growth. The government estimated GDP growth at 4% in 2003 with the drop in large measure due to concerns over the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), but private sector analysts think the figure may have been higher because of the continuing boom in tourism.
Electricity - consumption	NA kWh	1.688 billion kWh (2002)
Electricity - exports	-	1 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports	-	193 million kWh (2002)
Electricity - production	NA kWh	1.611 billion kWh (2002)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location 5 m	lowest point: South China Sea 0 m highest point: Coloane Alto 172.4 m
Environment - current issues	limited natural resources and overcrowding are contributing to emigration to New Zealand	NA
Ethnic groups	Polynesian	Chinese 95%, Macanese (mixed Portuguese and Asian ancestry), Portuguese, other
Exchange rates	New Zealand dollars per US dollar - 1.3811 (2007), 1.5408 (2006), 1.4203 (2005), 1.5087 (2004), 1.7221 (2003)	patacas per US dollar - 8.0212 (2003), 8.0334 (2002), 8.0335 (2001), 8.0259 (2000), 7.9919 (1999)
Executive branch	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General of New Zealand Anand SATYANAND (since 23 August 2006); New Zealand is represented by Administrator David PAYTON (since 17 October 2006) head of government: Pio TUIA (since 23 February 2008); note - position rotates annually among the three Faipule (village leaders) cabinet: the Council for the Ongoing Government of Tokelau, consisting of three Faipule (village leaders) and three Pulenuku (village mayors), functions as a cabinet elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; administrator appointed by the Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade in New Zealand; the head of government is chosen from the Council of Faipule and serves a one-year term	chief of state: President of China HU Jintao (since 15 March 2003) head of government: Chief Executive Edmund HO Hau-wah (since 20 December 1999) cabinet: Executive Council consists of all one government secretary, four legislators, four businessmen, and one pro-Beijing unionist elections: chief executive chosen by a 300-member selection committee for up to two five-year terms election results: Edmund HO Hau-wah reelected on 29 August 2004; received 296 votes in Election Committee out of 300 possible; 3 members submitted blank ballots; 1 member was absent
Exports	$0	NA (2001)
Exports - commodities	stamps, copra, handicrafts	clothing, textiles, footwear, cement, machines, and parts
Exports - partners	New Zealand (2006)	US 49.4%, China 14.1%, Germany 8.1%, Hong Kong 6.7%, UK 4.5% (2003)
Fiscal year	1 April - 31 March	calendar year
Flag description	the flag of New Zealand is used	light green with a lotus flower above a stylized bridge and water in white, beneath an arc of five gold, five-pointed stars: one large in center of arc and four smaller
GDP	-	purchasing power parity - $9.1 billion (2003 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%	agriculture: 1% industry: 12% services: 87% (2002 est.)
GDP - per capita	-	purchasing power parity - $19,400 (2003 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	NA%	4% (2003 est.)
Geographic coordinates	9 00 S, 172 00 W	22 10 N, 113 33 E
Geography - note	consists of three atolls (Atafu, Fakaofo, Nukunonu), each with a lagoon surrounded by a number of reef-bound islets of varying length and rising to over 3 m above sea level	essentially urban; one causeway and two bridges connect the two islands of Coloane and Taipa to the peninsula on mainland
Highways	-	total: 271 km paved: 271 km unpaved: 0 km (2000)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	-	lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Imports	$969,200 c.i.f. (2002)	NA (2001)
Imports - commodities	foodstuffs, building materials, fuel	clothing, textiles, yarn, foodstuffs, fuel, automobiles, capital goods
Imports - partners	New Zealand (2006)	China 43%, Hong Kong 12.7%, Japan 8.7%, Taiwan 5.6% (2003)
Independence	none (territory of New Zealand)	none (special administrative region of China)
Industrial production growth rate	-	NA
Industries	small-scale enterprises for copra production, woodworking, plaited craft goods; stamps, coins; fishing	tourism, gambling, clothing, textiles, electronics, footwear, toys
Infant mortality rate	total: NA male: NA female: NA	total: 4.39 deaths/1,000 live births male: 4.59 deaths/1,000 live births female: 4.19 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	NA%	-2.6% (2003 est.)
International organization participation	PIF (observer), SPC, UNESCO (associate), UPU	IMF, IMO (associate), Interpol (sub-bureau), ISO (correspondent), UNESCO (associate), UPU, WCO, WMO, WToO (associate), WTO
Irrigated land	NA	NA sq km
Judicial branch	Supreme Court in New Zealand exercises civil and criminal jurisdiction in Tokelau	The Court of Final Appeal in the Macau Special Administrative Region
Labor force	440 (2001)	214,000 (2002)
Labor force - by occupation	-	manufacturing 20%, construction 7%, transport and communications 6%, wholesale and retail trade 15%, restaurants and hotels 12%, gambling 7%, public sector 8%, other services and agriculture 25% (2002 est.)
Land boundaries	0 km	total: 0.34 km regional border: China 0.34 km
Land use	arable land: 0% (soil is thin and infertile) permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2005)	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% note: "green areas" represent 22.4% (2001)
Languages	Tokelauan (a Polynesian language), English	Portuguese, Chinese (Cantonese)
Legal system	New Zealand and local statutes	based on Portuguese civil law system
Legislative branch	unicameral General Fono (20 seats; based upon proportional representation from the three islands elected by popular vote to serve three-year terms; Atafu has seven seats, Fakaofo has seven seats, Nukunonu has six seats); note - the Tokelau Amendment Act of 1996 confers limited legislative power on the General Fono elections: last held 17-19 January 2008 (next to be held in 2011) election results: independents 20	unicameral Legislative Council or LEGCO (27 seats; 10 elected by popular vote, 10 by indirect vote, and sevem appointed by the chief executive; members serve four-year terms); number of legislators will increase to 29 from September 2005 elections: last held 23 September 2001 (next to be September 2005) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats by political bloc - Entertainment Industry 3, pro-democracy 2, pro-Beijing Labor Union 2, pro-Beijing Neighborhood Association 2, pro-business 1
Life expectancy at birth	total population: NA male: NA female: NA	total population: 82.03 years male: 79.2 years female: 84.99 years (2004 est.)
Literacy	NA	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 94.5% male: 97.2% female: 92% (2003 est.)
Location	Oceania, group of three atolls in the South Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand	Eastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and China
Map references	Oceania	Southeast Asia
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm	not specified
Merchant marine	-	none
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of New Zealand	-
Military branches	-	responsibility for defense reverted to China on 20 December 1999; there are local police forces
Military manpower - availability	-	males age 15-49: 125,060 (2004 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service	-	males age 15-49: 68,913 (2004 est.)
National holiday	Waitangi Day (Treaty of Waitangi established British sovereignty over New Zealand), 6 February (1840)	National Day (Anniversary of the Founding of the People's Republic of China), 1 October (1949); note - 20 December 1999 is celebrated as Macau Special Administrative Region Establishment Day
Nationality	noun: Tokelauan(s) adjective: Tokelauan	noun: Chinese adjective: Chinese
Natural hazards	lies in Pacific typhoon belt	typhoons
Natural resources	NEGL	NEGL
Net migration rate	NA	4.86 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Political parties and leaders	none	Some civic associations operate as de facto political parties: Electoral Union; Pro-Macao and Flower of Friendship and Development of Macao; Associacao para a Defesa dos Interesses de Macao; Centro Democratico de Macao; Grupo Independente de Macao; Macau Economic Promotion Association; Progress Promotion Union; Development Union
Political pressure groups and leaders	none	Catholic Church [LAI Hung-sing, bishop]; Macau Society of Tourism and Entertainment or STDM [Stanley HO, managing director]; Union for Democracy Development [Antonio NG Kuok-cheong, leader]
Population	1,449 (July 2007 est.)	445,286 (July 2004 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA%	NA
Population growth rate	-0.018% (2007 est.)	0.87% (2004 est.)
Ports and harbors	-	Macau
Radio broadcast stations	AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA (one radio station provides service to all islands) (2002)	AM 0, FM 2, shortwave 0 (1998)
Religions	Congregational Christian Church 70%, Roman Catholic 28%, other 2% note: on Atafu, all Congregational Christian Church of Samoa; on Nukunonu, all Roman Catholic; on Fakaofo, both denominations, with the Congregational Christian Church predominant	Buddhist 50%, Roman Catholic 15%, none and other 35% (1997 est.)
Sex ratio	NA	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.91 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.7 male(s)/female total population: 0.92 male(s)/female (2004 est.)
Suffrage	21 years of age; universal	direct election 18 years of age, universal for permanent residents living in Macau for the past seven years; indirect election limited to organizations registered as "corporate voters" (257 are currently registered) and a 300-member Election Committee drawn from broad regional groupings, municipal organizations, and central government bodies
Telephone system	general assessment: modern satellite-based communications system domestic: radiotelephone service between islands international: country code - 690; radiotelephone service to Samoa; government-regulated telephone service (TeleTok), with 3 satellite earth stations	general assessment: fairly modern communication facilities maintained for domestic and international services domestic: NA international: country code - 853; HF radiotelephone communication facility; access to international communications carriers provided via Hong Kong and China; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use	300 (2002)	174,600 (2003)
Telephones - mobile cellular	-	364,000 (2003)
Television broadcast stations	-	1 (2003)
Terrain	low-lying coral atolls enclosing large lagoons	generally flat
Total fertility rate	NA	0.93 children born/woman (2004 est.)
Unemployment rate	NA%	6.3% (2003)

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