Compare Togo (2002) - Burundi (2002)

Compare Togo (2002) z Burundi (2002)

	Togo (2002)	Burundi (2002)

Administrative divisions	5 regions (regions, singular - region); De La Kara, Des Plateaux, Des Savanes, Centrale, Maritime	16 provinces; Bubanza, Bujumbura, Bururi, Cankuzo, Cibitoke, Gitega, Karuzi, Kayanza, Kirundo, Makamba, Muramvya, Muyinga, Mwaro, Ngozi, Rutana, Ruyigi
Age structure	0-14 years: 45.1% (male 1,195,052; female 1,187,014) 15-64 years: 52.4% (male 1,351,345; female 1,420,617) 65 years and over: 2.5% (male 56,270; female 75,203) (2002 est.)	0-14 years: 46.5% (male 1,497,865; female 1,466,455) 15-64 years: 50.7% (male 1,592,253; female 1,640,254) 65 years and over: 2.8% (male 71,915; female 104,260) (2002 est.)
Agriculture - products	coffee, cocoa, cotton, yams, cassava (tapioca), corn, beans, rice, millet, sorghum; livestock; fish	coffee, cotton, tea, corn, sorghum, sweet potatoes, bananas, manioc (tapioca); beef, milk, hides
Airports	9 (2001)	7 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 (2002)	total: 1 over 3,047 m: 1 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 7 914 to 1,523 m: 5 under 914 m: 2 (2002)	total: 6 6 914 to 1,523 m: 3 under 914 m: 3 (2002)
Area	total: 56,785 sq km land: 54,385 sq km water: 2,400 sq km	total: 27,830 sq km land: 25,650 sq km water: 2,180 sq km
Area - comparative	slightly smaller than West Virginia	slightly smaller than Maryland
Background	French Togoland became Togo in 1960. General Gnassingbe EYADEMA, installed as military ruler in 1967, is Africa's longest-serving head of state. Despite the facade of multiparty elections instituted in the early 1990s, the government continues to be dominated by President EYADEMA, whose Rally of the Togolese People (RPT) party has maintained power almost continually since 1967. In addition, Togo has come under fire from international organizations for human rights abuses and is plagued by political unrest. Most bilateral and multilateral aid to Togo remains frozen.	Burundi's first democratically elected president was assassinated in October 1993 after only four months in office. Since then, some 200,000 Burundians have perished in widespread, often intense ethnic violence between Hutu and Tutsi factions. Hundreds of thousands have been internally displaced or have become refugees in neighboring countries. Burundian troops, seeking to secure their borders, intervened in the conflict in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 1998. More recently, many of these troops have been redeployed back to Burundi to deal with periodic upsurges in rebel activity. A new transitional government, inaugurated on 1 November 2001, was to be the first step towards holding national elections in three years. However, the unwillingness of the Hutu rebels to enact a cease fire with Bujumbura continues to obstruct prospects for a sustainable peace.
Birth rate	36.11 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)	39.87 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Budget	revenues: $232 million expenditures: $252 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1997 est.)	revenues: $125 million expenditures: $176 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.)
Capital	Lome	Bujumbura
Climate	tropical; hot, humid in south; semiarid in north	equatorial; high plateau with considerable altitude variation (772 m to 2,670 m above sea level); average annual temperature varies with altitude from 23 to 17 degrees centigrade but is generally moderate as the average altitude is about 1,700 m; average annual rainfall is about 150 cm; wet seasons from February to May and September to November, and dry seasons from June to August and December to January
Coastline	56 km	0 km (landlocked)
Constitution	multiparty draft constitution approved by High Council of the Republic 1 July 1992; adopted by public referendum 27 September 1992	13 March 1992; provided for establishment of a plural political system; supplanted on 6 June 1998 by a Transitional Constitution which enlarged the National Assembly and created two vice presidents
Country name	conventional long form: Togolese Republic conventional short form: Togo local long form: Republique Togolaise local short form: none former: French Togoland	conventional long form: Republic of Burundi conventional short form: Burundi local long form: Republika y'u Burundi local short form: Burundi former: Urundi
Currency	Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States	Burundi franc (BIF)
Death rate	11.3 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)	16.3 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Debt - external	$1.5 billion (1999) (1999)	$1.12 billion (2001 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Karl HOFMANN embassy: Angle Rue Kouenou and Rue 15 Beniglato, Lome mailing address: B. P. 852, Lome telephone: [228] 221 29 91 through 221 29 94 FAX: [228] 221 79 52	chief of mission: Ambassador James Howard YELLIN embassy: Avenue des Etats-Unis, Bujumbura mailing address: B. P. 1720, Bujumbura telephone: [257] 223454 FAX: [257] 222926
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Akoussoulelou BODJONA chancery: 2208 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 234-4212 FAX: [1] (202) 232-3190	chief of mission: Ambassador Thomas NDIKUMANA chancery: Suite 212, 2233 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007 telephone: [1] (202) 342-2574 FAX: [1] (202) 342-2578
Disputes - international	Benin accuses Togo of moving boundary markers and stationing troops in its territory	Tutsi, Hutu, and other conflicting ethnic groups, political rebels, and various government forces continue fighting in Great Lakes region, transcending the boundaries of Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, and Uganda
Economic aid - recipient	$201.1 million (1995) (1995)	$74 million (1999)
Economy - overview	This small sub-Saharan economy is heavily dependent on both commercial and subsistence agriculture, which provides employment for 65% of the labor force. Some basic foodstuffs must still be imported. Cocoa, coffee, and cotton generate about 40% of export earnings, with cotton being the most significant cash crop despite falling prices on the world market. Political unrest, including private and public sector strikes throughout 1992 and 1993, jeopardized the reform program, shrunk the tax base, and disrupted vital economic activity. The 12 January 1994 devaluation of the XOF currency by 50% provided an important impetus to renewed structural adjustment. In the industrial sector, phosphate mining is by far the most important activity. Togo is the world's fourth largest producer, and geological advantages keep production costs low. The recently privatized mining operation, Office Togolais des Phosphates (OTP), is slowly recovering from a steep fall in prices in the early 1990's, but continues to face the challenge of tough foreign competition, exacerbated by weakening demand. Togo serves as a regional commercial and trade center. It continues to expand its duty-free export-processing zone (EPZ), launched in 1989, which has attracted enterprises from France, Italy, Scandinavia, the US, India, and China and created jobs for Togolese nationals. The government's decade-long effort, supported by the World Bank and the IMF, to implement economic reform measures, encourage foreign investment, and bring revenues in line with expenditures has stalled. Progress depends on following through on privatization, increased openness in government financial operations, progress towards legislative elections, and possible downsizing of the military, on which the regime has depended to stay in place. Lack of large-scale foreign aid, deterioration of the financial sector, energy shortages, and depressed commodity prices continue to constrain economic growth. The takeover of the national power company by a Franco-Canadian consortium in 2000 should ease the energy crisis.	Burundi is a landlocked, resource-poor country with an underdeveloped manufacturing sector. The economy is predominantly agricultural with roughly 90% of the population dependent on subsistence agriculture. Its economic health depends on the coffee crop, which accounts for 80% of foreign exchange earnings. The ability to pay for imports therefore rests largely on the vagaries of the climate and the international coffee market. Since October 1993 the nation has suffered from massive ethnic-based violence which has resulted in the death of more than 200,000 persons and the displacement of about 800,000 others. Only one in four children go to school, and more than one in ten adults has HIV/AIDS. Foods, medicines, and electricity remain in short supply. Doubts regarding the sustainability of peace continue to impede development. A Geneva donors' conference in November 2001 brought $800 million in pledges, and an IMF-staff-monitored program could lead to a further agreement in 2002.
Electricity - consumption	525.21 million kWh (2000)	166.64 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2000)	0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - imports	435 million kWh note: electricity supplied by Ghana (2000)	29 million kWh note: supplied by the Democratic Republic of the Congo (2000)
Electricity - production	97 million kWh (2000)	148 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - production by source	fossil fuel: 98% hydro: 2% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000)	fossil fuel: 1% hydro: 99% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Mont Agou 986 m	lowest point: Lake Tanganyika 772 m highest point: Mount Heha 2,670 m
Environment - current issues	deforestation attributable to slash-and-burn agriculture and the use of wood for fuel; water pollution presents health hazards and hinders the fishing industry; air pollution increasing in urban areas	soil erosion as a result of overgrazing and the expansion of agriculture into marginal lands; deforestation (little forested land remains because of uncontrolled cutting of trees for fuel); habitat loss threatens wildlife populations
Environment - international agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban
Ethnic groups	native African (37 tribes; largest and most important are Ewe, Mina, and Kabre) 99%, European and Syrian-Lebanese less than 1%	Hutu (Bantu) 85%, Tutsi (Hamitic) 14%, Twa (Pygmy) 1%, Europeans 3,000, South Asians 2,000
Exchange rates	Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - 741.79 (January 2002), 733.04 (2001), 711.98 (2000), 615.70 (1999), 589.95 (1998), 583.67 (1997); note - from 1 January 1999, the XOF is pegged to the euro at a rate of 655.957 XOF per euro	Burundi francs per US dollar - 865.14 (January 2002), 830.35 (2001), 720.67 (2000), 563.56 (1999), 477.77 (1998), 352.35 (1997)
Executive branch	chief of state: President Gen. Gnassingbe EYADEMA (since 14 April 1967) head of government: Prime Minister Koffi SAMA (since 29 June 2002) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president and the prime minister elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 21 June 1998 (next to be held June 2003); prime minister appointed by the president election results: Gnassingbe EYADEMA reelected president; percent of vote - Gnassingbe EYADEMA 52.13%, Gilchrist OLYMPIO 34.12%, other 13.75%	chief of state: President Pierre BUYOYA (a Tutsi, was sworn in as president of a transition government on 1 November 2001; he is scheduled to hold office for 18 months before transferring power to his vice president, a Hutu); Vice President Domitien NDAYIZEYE (since 1 November 2001) head of government: President Pierre BUYOYA (a Tutsi, was sworn in as president of a transition government on 1 November 2001; he is scheduled to hold office for 18 months before transferring power to his vice president, a Hutu); Vice President Domitien NDAYIZEYE (since 1 November 2001) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by president elections: NA; current president assumed power following a coup on 25 July 1996 in which former President NTIBANTUNGANYA was overthrown
Exports	$306 million f.o.b. (2001)	$24 million f.o.b. (2001 est.)
Exports - commodities	cotton, phosphates, coffee, cocoa	coffee, tea, sugar, cotton, hides
Exports - partners	Benin 12%, Nigeria 9%, Belgium 5%, Ghana 4% (2000)	EU 52.5%, US 11.5%, Kenya 11.5%, Switzerland 4.9% (2000 est.)
Fiscal year	calendar year	calendar year
Flag description	five equal horizontal bands of green (top and bottom) alternating with yellow; there is a white five-pointed star on a red square in the upper hoist-side corner; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia	divided by a white diagonal cross into red panels (top and bottom) and green panels (hoist side and outer side) with a white disk superimposed at the center bearing three red six-pointed stars outlined in green arranged in a triangular design (one star above, two stars below)
GDP	purchasing power parity - $7.6 billion (2001 est.)	purchasing power parity - $3.7 billion (2001 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 42% industry: 21% services: 37% (2001 est.)	agriculture: 50% industry: 18% services: 32% (2001 est.)
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $1,500 (2001 est.)	purchasing power parity - $600 (2001 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	2.2% (2001 est.)	1.4% (2001 est.)
Geographic coordinates	8 00 N, 1 10 E	3 30 S, 30 00 E
Geography - note	the country's length allows it to stretch through six distinct geographic regions; climate varies from tropical to savanna	landlocked; straddles crest of the Nile-Congo watershed; the Kagera, which drains into Lake Victoria, is the most remote headstream of the White Nile
Highways	total: 7,520 km paved: 2,376 km unpaved: 5,144 km (1996)	total: 14,480 km paved: 1,028 km unpaved: 13,452 km (1996)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%	lowest 10%: 3% highest 10%: 27% (1992) (1992)
Illicit drugs	transit hub for Nigerian heroin and cocaine traffickers; money laundering not a significant problem	-
Imports	$420 million f.o.b. (2001)	$125 million f.o.b. (2001 est.)
Imports - commodities	machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum products	capital goods, petroleum products, foodstuffs
Imports - partners	Ghana 26%, France 11%, China 7%, Cote d'Ivoire 7% (2000)	EU 37.6%, Tanzania 10.3%, Zambia 4.3%, India 3.4%, China 3.4% (2000 est.)
Independence	27 April 1960 (from French-administered UN trusteeship)	1 July 1962 (from UN trusteeship under Belgian administration)
Industrial production growth rate	NA%	6.3% (1999 est.)
Industries	phosphate mining, agricultural processing, cement; handicrafts, textiles, beverages	light consumer goods such as blankets, shoes, soap; assembly of imported components; public works construction; food processing
Infant mortality rate	69.32 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)	69.97 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	2.3% (2001 est.)	14% (2001 est.)
International organization participation	ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, MIPONUH, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO	ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, CEEAC, CEPGL, ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	3 (2001)	1 (2000)
Irrigated land	70 sq km (1998 est.)	740 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch	Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; Supreme Court or Cour Supreme	Supreme Court or Cour Supreme; Constitutional Court; Courts of Appeal (there are three in separate locations); Tribunals of First Instance (17 at the province level and 123 small local tribunals)
Labor force	1.74 million (1996) (1996)	1.9 million
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture 65%, industry 5%, services 30% (1998 est.)	NA
Land boundaries	total: 1,647 km border countries: Benin 644 km, Burkina Faso 126 km, Ghana 877 km	total: 974 km border countries: Democratic Republic of the Congo 233 km, Rwanda 290 km, Tanzania 451 km
Land use	arable land: 41.37% permanent crops: 1.84% other: 56.79% (1998 est.)	arable land: 29.98% permanent crops: 12.85% other: 57.17% (1998 est.)
Languages	French (official and the language of commerce), Ewe and Mina (the two major African languages in the south), Kabye (sometimes spelled Kabiye) and Dagomba (the two major African languages in the north)	Kirundi (official), French (official), Swahili (along Lake Tanganyika and in the Bujumbura area)
Legal system	French-based court system	based on German and Belgian civil codes and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch	unicameral National Assembly (81 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 27 October 2002 (next NA 2006) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - RPT 72, RSD 3, UDPS 2, Juvento 2, MOCEP 1, independents 1 note: two opposition parties boycotted the election, the Union of the Forces for Change, and the Action Committee for Renewal	bicameral, consists of a National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (expanded from 121 to approximately 140 seats under the transitional government inaugurated 1 November 2001; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) and a Senate (54 seats; term length is undefined, the current senators will likely serve out the three-year transition period) elections: last held 29 June 1993 (next was scheduled to be held in 1998, but were suspended by presidential decree in 1996; elections are planned to follow the completion of the three-year transitional government) election results: percent of vote by party - FRODEBU 71.04%, UPRONA 21.4%, other 7.56%; seats by party - FRODEBU 65, UPRONA 16, civilians 27, other parties 13
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 54.02 years male: 52.03 years female: 56.07 years (2002 est.)	total population: 45.94 years male: 45.08 years female: 46.83 years (2002 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 51.7% male: 67% female: 37% (1995 est.)	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 35.3% male: 49.3% female: 22.5% (1995 est.)
Location	Western Africa, bordering the Bight of Benin, between Benin and Ghana	Central Africa, east of Democratic Republic of the Congo
Map references	Africa	Africa
Maritime claims	exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 30 NM	none (landlocked)
Merchant marine	total: 1 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 2,603 GRT/2,800 DWT ships by type: specialized tanker 1 note: includes a foreign-owned ship registered here as a flag of convenience: Greece 1 (2002 est.)	-
Military branches	Army, Navy, Air Force, Gendarmerie	Army (including naval and air units), Gendarmerie
Military expenditures - dollar figure	$21.9 million (FY01)	$36.9 million (FY01)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	1.8% (FY01)	5.3% (FY01)
Military manpower - availability	males age 15-49: 1,220,758 (2002 est.)	males age 15-49: 1,439,032 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service	males age 15-49: 640,280 (2002 est.)	males age 15-49: 752,584 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - military age	-	16 years of age (2002 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually	-	males: 79,360 (2002 est.)
National holiday	Independence Day, 27 April (1960)	Independence Day, 1 July (1962)
Nationality	noun: Togolese (singular and plural) adjective: Togolese	noun: Burundian(s) adjective: Burundi
Natural hazards	hot, dry harmattan wind can reduce visibility in north during winter; periodic droughts	flooding, landslides, drought
Natural resources	phosphates, limestone, marble, arable land	nickel, uranium, rare earth oxides, peat, cobalt, copper, platinum (not yet exploited), vanadium, arable land, hydropower
Net migration rate	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Political parties and leaders	Action Committee for Renewal or CAR [Yawovi AGBOYIBO]; Coordination des Forces Nouvelles or CFN [Joseph KOFFIGOH]; Democratic Convention of African Peoples or CDPA [Leopold GNININVI]; Party for Democracy and Renewal or PDR [Zarifou AYEVA]; Patriotic Pan-African Convergence or CPP [Edem KODJO]; Rally of the Togolese People or RPT [President Gen. Gnassingbe EYADEMA]; Union of Forces for Change or UFC [Gilchrist OLYMPIO (in exile), Jean Pierre FABRE, general secretary in Togo]; Union of Independent Liberals or ULI [Jacques AMOUZOU] note: Rally of the Togolese People or RPT, led by President EYADEMA, was the only party until the formation of multiple parties was legalized 12 April 1991	the two national, mainstream, governing parties are: Unity for National Progress or UPRONA [Luc RUKINGAMA, president]; Burundi Democratic Front or FRODEBU [Jean MINANI, president] note: a multiparty system was introduced after 1998, included are: Burundi African Alliance for the Salvation or ABASA [Terrence NSANZE]; Rally for Democracy and Economic and Social Development or RADDES [Joseph NZENZIMANA]; Party for National Redress or PARENA [Jean-Baptiste BAGAZA]; People's Reconciliation Party or PRP [Mathias HITIMANA]
Political pressure groups and leaders	NA	Loosely organized Hutu and Tutsi militias, often affiliated with Hutu and Tutsi extremist parties or subordinate to government security forces
Population	5,285,501 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2002 est.)	6,373,002 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line	32% (1989 est.)	70% (2001 est.)
Population growth rate	2.48% (2002 est.)	2.36% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors	Kpeme, Lome	Bujumbura
Radio broadcast stations	AM 2, FM 9, shortwave 4 (1998)	AM 0, FM 4, shortwave 1 (2001)
Radios	940,000 (1997)	440,000 (2001)
Railways	total: 525 km narrow gauge: 525 km 1.000-m gauge (2001)	0 km
Religions	indigenous beliefs 51%, Christian 29%, Muslim 20%	Christian 67% (Roman Catholic 62%, Protestant 5%), indigenous beliefs 23%, Muslim 10%
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2002 est.)	at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Suffrage	NA years of age; universal adult	NA years of age; universal adult
Telephone system	general assessment: fair system based on a network of microwave radio relay routes supplemented by open-wire lines and a mobile cellular system domestic: microwave radio relay and open-wire lines for conventional system; cellular system has capacity of 10,000 telephones international: satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 Symphonie	general assessment: primitive system domestic: sparse system of open wire, radiotelephone communications, and low-capacity microwave radio relay international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use	25,000 (1997)	20,000 (2000)
Telephones - mobile cellular	2,995 (1997)	16,300 (2000)
Television broadcast stations	3 (plus two repeaters) (1997)	1 (2001)
Terrain	gently rolling savanna in north; central hills; southern plateau; low coastal plain with extensive lagoons and marshes	hilly and mountainous, dropping to a plateau in east, some plains
Total fertility rate	5.14 children born/woman (2002 est.)	6.07 children born/woman (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate	NA%	NA%
Waterways	50 km (Mono river)	Lake Tanganyika

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