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Compare Togo (2001) - Lesotho (2006)

Compare Togo (2001) z Lesotho (2006)

 Togo (2001)Lesotho (2006)
 TogoLesotho
Administrative divisions 5 regions (regions, singular - region); De La Kara, Des Plateaux, Des Savanes, Du Centre, Maritime 10 districts; Berea, Butha-Buthe, Leribe, Mafeteng, Maseru, Mohale's Hoek, Mokhotlong, Qacha's Nek, Quthing, Thaba-Tseka
Age structure 0-14 years:
45.63% (male 1,179,650; female 1,171,748)

15-64 years:
51.92% (male 1,302,197; female 1,373,247)

65 years and over:
2.45% (male 54,651; female 71,595) (2001 est.)
0-14 years: 36.8% (male 374,102/female 369,527)


15-64 years: 58.3% (male 572,957/female 606,846)


65 years and over: 4.9% (male 39,461/female 59,438) (2006 est.)
Agriculture - products coffee, cocoa, cotton, yams, cassava (tapioca), corn, beans, rice, millet, sorghum; livestock; fish corn, wheat, pulses, sorghum, barley; livestock
Airports 9 (2000 est.) 28 (2006)
Airports - with paved runways total:
2

2,438 to 3,047 m:
2 (2000 est.)
total: 3


over 3,047 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 1


under 914 m: 1 (2006)
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
7

914 to 1,523 m:
5

under 914 m:
2 (2000 est.)
total: 25


914 to 1,523 m: 4


under 914 m: 21 (2006)
Area total:
56,785 sq km

land:
54,385 sq km

water:
2,400 sq km
total: 30,355 sq km


land: 30,355 sq km


water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative slightly smaller than West Virginia slightly smaller than Maryland
Background French Togoland became Togo in 1960. General Gnassingbe EYADEMA, installed as military ruler in 1967, is Africa's longest-serving head of state. Despite the facade of multiparty elections that resulted in EYADEMA's victory in 1993, the government continues to be dominated by the military. In addition, Togo has come under fire from international organizations for human rights abuses and is plagued by political unrest. Most bilateral and multilateral aid to Togo remains frozen. Basutoland was renamed the Kingdom of Lesotho upon independence from the UK in 1966. The Basuto National Party ruled for the first two decades. King MOSHOESHOE was exiled in 1990, but returned to Lesotho in 1992 and reinstated in 1995. Constitutional government was restored in 1993 after 7 years of military rule. In 1998, violent protests and a military mutiny following a contentious election prompted a brief but bloody intervention by South African and Botswanan military forces under the aegis of the Southern African Development Community. Constitutional reforms have since restored political stability; peaceful parliamentary elections were held in 2002.
Birth rate 37.04 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) 24.75 births/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Budget revenues:
$232 million

expenditures:
$252 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1997 est.)
revenues: $738.5 million


expenditures: $792.1 million; including capital expenditures of NA (2005 est.)
Capital Lome name: Maseru


geographic coordinates: 29 28 S, 27 30 E


time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Climate tropical; hot, humid in south; semiarid in north temperate; cool to cold, dry winters; hot, wet summers
Coastline 56 km 0 km (landlocked)
Constitution multiparty draft constitution approved by High Council of the Republic 1 July 1992; adopted by public referendum 27 September 1992 2 April 1993
Country name conventional long form:
Togolese Republic

conventional short form:
Togo

local long form:
Republique Togolaise

local short form:
none

former:
French Togoland
conventional long form: Kingdom of Lesotho


conventional short form: Lesotho


local long form: Kingdom of Lesotho


local short form: Lesotho


former: Basutoland
Currency Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States -
Death rate 11.24 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) 28.71 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Debt - external $1.5 billion (1999) $735 million (2002)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Karl HOFMANN

embassy:
Angle Rue Kouenou and Rue 15 Beniglato, Lome

mailing address:
B. P. 852, Lome

telephone:
[228] 21 29 91 through 21 29 94

FAX:
[228] 21 79 52
chief of mission: Ambassador June Carter PERRY


embassy: 254 Kingsway, Maseru West (Consular Section)


mailing address: P. O. Box 333, Maseru 100, Lesotho


telephone: [266] 22 312666


FAX: [266] 22 310116
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Akoussoulelov BODJONA

chancery:
2208 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:
[1] (202) 234-4212

FAX:
[1] (202) 232-3190
chief of mission: Ambassador Molelekeng E. RAPOLAKI


chancery: 2511 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 797-5533 through 5536


FAX: [1] (202) 234-6815
Disputes - international none none
Economic aid - donor - ODA, $4.4 million
Economic aid - recipient $201.1 million (1995) $41.5 million (2000)
Economy - overview This small sub-Saharan economy is heavily dependent on both commercial and subsistence agriculture, which provides employment for 65% of the labor force. Some basic foodstuffs must still be imported. Together, cocoa, coffee, and cotton generate some 40% of export earnings, with cotton being the most significant cash crop despite falling prices on the world market. In the industrial sector, phosphate mining is by far the most important activity. Togo is the world's fourth largest producer, and geological advantages keep production costs low. The recently privatized mining operation, Office Togolais des Phosphates (OTP), is slowly recovering from a steep fall in prices in the early 1990's, but continues to face the challenge of tough foreign competition, exacerbated by weakening demand. Togo serves as a regional commercial and trade center. It continues to expand its duty-free export-processing zone (EPZ), launched in 1989, which has attracted enterprises from France, Italy, Scandinavia, the US, India, and China and created jobs for Togolese nationals. The government's decade-long effort, supported by the World Bank and the IMF, to implement economic reform measures, encourage foreign investment, and bring revenues in line with expenditures has stalled. Progress depends on following through on privatization, increased openness in government financial operations, progress towards legislative elections, and possible downsizing of the military, on which the regime has depended to stay in place. Lack of foreign aid, deterioration of the financial sector, energy shortages, and depressed commodity prices continue to constrain economic growth; however, Togo did realize a 3% gain in GDP in 1999. The takeover of the national power company by a Franco-Canadian consortium in 2000 should ease the energy crisis and if successful legislative elections pave the way for increased aid, growth should rise to 5% a year in 2001-02. Small, landlocked, and mountainous, Lesotho relies on remittances from miners employed in South Africa and customs duties from the Southern Africa Customs Union for the majority of government revenue. However, the government has recently strengthened its tax system to reduce dependency on customs duties. Completion of a major hydropower facility in January 1998 now permits the sale of water to South Africa, also generating royalties for Lesotho. As the number of mineworkers has declined steadily over the past several years, a small manufacturing base has developed based on farm products that support the milling, canning, leather, and jute industries, as well as a rapidly expanding apparel-assembly sector. The latter has grown significantly, mainly due to Lesotho qualifying for the trade benefits contained in the Africa Growth and Opportunity Act. The economy is still primarily based on subsistence agriculture, especially livestock, although drought has decreased agricultural activity. The extreme inequality in the distribution of income remains a major drawback. Lesotho has signed an Interim Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility with the IMF.
Electricity - consumption 511.6 million kWh (1999) 363.5 million kWh (2003)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (1999) 0 kWh (2003)
Electricity - imports 426 million kWh

note:
electricity supplied by Ghana (1999)
38 million kWh; note - electricity supplied by South Africa (2003)
Electricity - production 92 million kWh (1999) 350 million kWh; note - electricity supplied by South Africa (2003)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
97.83%

hydro:
2.17%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
-
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Atlantic Ocean 0 m

highest point:
Mont Agou 986 m
lowest point: junction of the Orange and Makhaleng Rivers 1,400 m


highest point: Thabana Ntlenyana 3,482 m
Environment - current issues deforestation attributable to slash-and-burn agriculture and the use of wood for fuel; water pollution presents health hazards and hinders the fishing industry; air pollution increasing in urban areas population pressure forcing settlement in marginal areas results in overgrazing, severe soil erosion, and soil exhaustion; desertification; Highlands Water Project controls, stores, and redirects water to South Africa
Environment - international agreements party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection


signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
Ethnic groups native African (37 tribes; largest and most important are Ewe, Mina, and Kabre) 99%, European and Syrian-Lebanese less than 1% Sotho 99.7%, Europeans, Asians, and other 0.3%,
Exchange rates Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - 699.21 (January 2001), 711.98 (2000), 615.70 (1999), 589.95 (1998), 583.67 (1997), 511.55 (1996); note - from 1 January 1999, the XOF is pegged to the euro at a rate of 655.957 XOF per euro maloti per US dollar - 6.3593 (2005), 6.4597 (2004), 7.5648 (2003), 10.5407 (2002), 8.6092 (2001)
Executive branch chief of state:
President Gen. Gnassingbe EYADEMA (since 14 April 1967)

head of government:
Prime Minister Agbeyome KODJO (since 29 August 2000)

cabinet:
Council of Ministers appointed by the president and the prime minister

elections:
president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 21 June 1998 (next to be held NA 2003); prime minister appointed by the president

election results:
Gnassingbe EYADEMA reelected president; percent of vote - Gnassingbe EYADEMA 52.13%, Gilchrist OLYMPIO 34.12%, other 13.75%
chief of state: King LETSIE III (since 7 February 1996); note - King LETSIE III formerly occupied the throne from November 1990 to February 1995, while his father was in exile


head of government: Prime Minister Pakalitha MOSISILI (since 23 May 1998)


cabinet: Cabinet


elections: none - according to the constitution, the leader of the majority party in the Assembly automatically becomes prime minister; the monarch is hereditary, but, under the terms of the constitution, which came into effect after the March 1993 election, the monarch is a "living symbol of national unity" with no executive or legislative powers; under traditional law the college of chiefs has the power to depose the monarch, determine who is next in the line of succession, or who shall serve as regent in the event that the successor is not of mature age
Exports $336 million (f.o.b., 2000) NA bbl/day
Exports - commodities cotton, phosphates, coffee, cocoa manufactures 75% (clothing, footwear, road vehicles), wool and mohair, food and live animals (2000)
Exports - partners Nigeria, Brazil, Canada, Philippines (1999) Hong Kong 43.6%, China 35.4%, Germany 8.4% (2005)
Fiscal year calendar year 1 April - 31 March
Flag description five equal horizontal bands of green (top and bottom) alternating with yellow; there is a white five-pointed star on a red square in the upper hoist-side corner; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia three horizontal stripes of blue (top), white, and green in the proportions of 3:4:3; the colors represent rain, peace, and prosperity respectively; centered in the white stripe is a black Basotho hat representing the indigenous people; the flag was unfurled in October 2006 to celebrate 40 years of independence
GDP purchasing power parity - $7.3 billion (2000 est.) -
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
42%

industry:
21%

services:
37% (1997)
agriculture: 16.3%


industry: 44.3%


services: 39.4% (2005 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $1,500 (2000 est.) -
GDP - real growth rate 3.4% (2000 est.) 1.2% (2005 est.)
Geographic coordinates 8 00 N, 1 10 E 29 30 S, 28 30 E
Geography - note - landlocked, completely surrounded by South Africa; mountainous, more than 80% of the country is 1,800 meters above sea level
Highways total:
7,520 km

paved:
2,376 km

unpaved:
5,144 km (1996)
-
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
lowest 10%: 0.9%


highest 10%: 43.4%
Illicit drugs transit hub for Nigerian heroin and cocaine traffickers -
Imports $452 million (f.o.b., 2000) NA bbl/day
Imports - commodities machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum products food; building materials, vehicles, machinery, medicines, petroleum products (2000)
Imports - partners Ghana, China, France, Cote d'Ivoire (1999) US 84%, Belgium 12.8%, Canada 2.4% (2005)
Independence 27 April 1960 (from French-administered UN trusteeship) 4 October 1966 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate NA% 15.5% (1999)
Industries phosphate mining, agricultural processing, cement; handicrafts, textiles, beverages food, beverages, textiles, apparel assembly, handicrafts, construction, tourism
Infant mortality rate 70.43 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) total: 87.24 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 92.04 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 82.28 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2.5% (2000 est.) 4.7% (2005 est.)
International organization participation ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ITU, MIPONUH, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WADB, WAEMU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO ACP, AfDB, AU, C, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, ISO (subscriber), ITU, MIGA, NAM, OPCW, SACU, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 3 (2000) -
Irrigated land 70 sq km (1993 est.) 30 sq km (2003)
Judicial branch Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; Supreme Court or Cour Supreme High Court (chief justice appointed by the monarch acting on the advice of the Prime Minister); Court of Appeal; Magistrate's Court; customary or traditional court
Labor force 1.74 million (1996) 838,000 (2000)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 65%, industry 5%, services 30% (1998 est.) agriculture: 86% of resident population engaged in subsistence agriculture; roughly 35% of the active male wage earners work in South Africa


industry and services: 14%
Land boundaries total:
1,647 km

border countries:
Benin 644 km, Burkina Faso 126 km, Ghana 877 km
total: 909 km


border countries: South Africa 909 km
Land use arable land:
38%

permanent crops:
7%

permanent pastures:
4%

forests and woodland:
17%

other:
34% (1993 est.)
arable land: 10.87%


permanent crops: 0.13%


other: 89% (2005)
Languages French (official and the language of commerce), Ewe and Mina (the two major African languages in the south), Kabye (sometimes spelled Kabiye) and Dagomba (the two major African languages in the north) Sesotho (southern Sotho), English (official), Zulu, Xhosa
Legal system French-based court system based on English common law and Roman-Dutch law; judicial review of legislative acts in High Court and Court of Appeal; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Legislative branch unicameral National Assembly (81 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)

elections:
last held 21 March 1999 (next due to be held NA October 2001)

election results:
percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - RPT 79, independents 2

note:
Togo's main opposition parties boycotted the election because of EYADEMA's alleged manipulation of 1998 presidential polling; in March of 1999, opposition parties entered into negotiations with the president over the establishment of an independent electoral commission and a new round of legislative elections, now scheduled for October 2001
bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (33 members - 22 principal chiefs and 11 other members appointed by the ruling party) and the Assembly (120 seats, 80 by direct popular vote and 40 by proportional vote; members elected by popular vote for five-year terms); note - number of seats in the Assembly rose from 80 to 120 in the May 2002 election


elections: last held 25 May 2002 (next to be held by May 2007)


election results: percent of vote by party - LCD 54%, BNP 21%, LPC 7%, other 18%; seats by party - LCD 76, BNP 21, LPC 5, other 18
Life expectancy at birth total population:
54.35 years

male:
52.38 years

female:
56.38 years (2001 est.)
total population: 34.4 years


male: 35.55 years


female: 33.21 years (2006 est.)
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
51.7%

male:
67%

female:
37% (1995 est.)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 84.8%


male: 74.5%


female: 94.5% (2003 est.)
Location Western Africa, bordering the Bight of Benin, between Benin and Ghana Southern Africa, an enclave of South Africa
Map references Africa Africa
Maritime claims exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
30 NM
none (landlocked)
Merchant marine total:
1 ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 2,603 GRT/2,800 DWT

ships by type:
specialized tanker 1 (2000 est.)
-
Military - note - the Lesotho Government in 1999 began an open debate on the future structure, size, and role of the armed forces, especially considering the Lesotho Defense Force's (LDF) history of intervening in political affairs
Military branches Army, Navy, Air Force, Gendarmerie Lesotho Defense Force (LDF): Army and Air Wing
Military expenditures - dollar figure $27 million (FY96) $41.1 million (2005 est.)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 2% (FY96) 2.1% (2005 est.)
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49:
1,175,528 (2001 est.)
-
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49:
616,622 (2001 est.)
-
National holiday Independence Day, 27 April (1960) Independence Day, 4 October (1966)
Nationality noun:
Togolese (singular and plural)

adjective:
Togolese
noun: Mosotho (singular), Basotho (plural)


adjective: Basotho
Natural hazards hot, dry harmattan wind can reduce visibility in north during winter; periodic droughts periodic droughts
Natural resources phosphates, limestone, marble, arable land water, agricultural and grazing land, diamonds, sand, clay, building stone
Net migration rate 0.15 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) -0.68 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Political parties and leaders Action Committee for Renewal or CAR [Yawovi AGBOYIBO]; Coordination des Forces Nouvelles or CFN [Joseph KOFFIGOH]; Democratic Convention of African Peoples or CDPA [Leopold GNININVI]; Party for Democracy and Renewal or PDR [Zarifou AYEVA]; Patriotic Pan-African Convergence or CPP [Edem KODJO]; Rally of the Togolese People or RPT [President Gen. Gnassingbe EYADEMA]; Union of Forces for Change or UFC [Gilchrist OLYMPIO (in exile), Jeane-Pierre FABRE, general secretary in Togo]; Union of Independent Liberals or ULI [Jacques AMOUZO]

note:
Rally of the Togolese People or RPT, led by President EYADEMA, was the only party until the formation of multiple parties was legalized 12 April 1991
Basotholand African Congress or BAC [Khauhelo RALITAPOLE]; Basotholand Congress Party or BCP [Ntsukunyane MPHANYA]; Basotho National Party or BNP [Maj. Gen. Justine Metsing LEKHANYA]; Kopanang Basotho Party or KPB [MOSALA]; Lesotho Congress for Democracy or LCD [Pakalitha MOSISILI] (the governing party); Lesotho Education Party or LEP [Thabo PITSO]; Lesotho People's Congress or LPC [Kelebone MAOPE]; Lesotho Workers Party of LWP [Macaefa BILLY]; Marematlou Freedom Party or MFP [Vincent MALEBO]; National Independent Party or NIP [Anthony MANYELI]; National Progressive Party or NPP [Chief Peete Nkoebe PEETE]; Popular Front for Democracy or PFD [Lekhetho RAKUOANE]; Sefate Democratic Union or SDU [Bofihla NKUEBE]; Social Democratic Party of SDP [Masitise SELESO]; United Democratic Party or UDP [C.D. MOFELI]; United Party or UP [Makara SEKAUTU]
Political pressure groups and leaders NA NA
Population 5,153,088

note:
estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2001 est.)
2,022,331


note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2006 est.)
Population below poverty line 32% (1989 est.) 49% (1999)
Population growth rate 2.6% (2001 est.) -0.46% (2006 est.)
Ports and harbors Kpeme, Lome -
Radio broadcast stations AM 2, FM 9, shortwave 4 (1998) AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 1 (1998)
Radios 940,000 (1997) -
Railways total:
525 km (1995)

narrow gauge:
525 km 1.000-m gauge
-
Religions indigenous beliefs 59%, Christian 29%, Muslim 12% Christian 80%, indigenous beliefs 20%
Sex ratio at birth:
1.03 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.01 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.95 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.76 male(s)/female

total population:
0.97 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.94 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.66 male(s)/female


total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2006 est.)
Suffrage NA years of age; universal adult 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment:
fair system based on a network of microwave radio relay routes supplemented by open-wire lines and a mobile cellular system

domestic:
microwave radio relay and open-wire lines for conventional system; cellular system has capacity of 10,000 telephones

international:
satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 Symphonie
general assessment: rudimentary system


domestic: consists of a modest but growing number of landlines, a small microwave radio relay system, and a minor radiotelephone communication system; a cellular mobile telephone system is growing


international: country code - 266; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use 25,000 (1997) 48,000 (2005)
Telephones - mobile cellular 2,995 (1997) 245,100 (2005)
Television broadcast stations 3 (plus two repeaters) (1997) 1 (2000)
Terrain gently rolling savanna in north; central hills; southern plateau; low coastal plain with extensive lagoons and marshes mostly highland with plateaus, hills, and mountains
Total fertility rate 5.32 children born/woman (2001 est.) 3.28 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Unemployment rate NA% 45% (2002)
Waterways 50 km (Mono river) -
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