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Compare Sweden (2002) - Svalbard (2001)

Compare Sweden (2002) z Svalbard (2001)

 Sweden (2002)Svalbard (2001)
 SwedenSvalbard
Administrative divisions 21 counties (lan, singular and plural); Blekinge, Dalarnas, Gavleborgs, Gotlands, Hallands, Jamtlands, Jonkopings, Kalmar, Kronobergs, Norrbottens, Orebro, Ostergotlands, Skane, Sodermanlands, Stockholms, Uppsala, Varmlands, Vasterbottens, Vasternorrlands, Vastmanlands, Vastra Gotalands -
Age structure 0-14 years: 18% (male 817,688; female 776,018)


15-64 years: 64.7% (male 2,922,095; female 2,824,770)


65 years and over: 17.3% (male 651,120; female 885,053) (2002 est.)
0-14 years:
NA%

15-64 years:
NA%

65 years and over:
NA%
Agriculture - products barley, wheat, sugar beets; meat, milk -
Airports 255 (2001) 4 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 145


over 3,047 m: 3


2,438 to 3,047 m: 11


1,524 to 2,437 m: 82


914 to 1,523 m: 24


under 914 m: 25 (2002)
total:
1

1,524 to 2,437 m:
1 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 100


914 to 1,523 m: 10


under 914 m: 90 (2002)
total:
3

under 914 m:
3 (2000 est.)
Area total: 449,964 sq km


land: 410,934 sq km


water: 39,030 sq km
total:
62,049 sq km

land:
62,049 sq km

water:
0 sq km

note:
includes Spitsbergen and Bjornoya (Bear Island)
Area - comparative slightly larger than California slightly smaller than West Virginia
Background A military power during the 17th century, Sweden has not participated in any war in almost two centuries. An armed neutrality was preserved in both World Wars. Sweden's long-successful economic formula of a capitalist system interlarded with substantial welfare elements was challenged in the 1990s by high unemployment, rising maintenance costs, and a declining position in world markets. Indecision over the country's role in the political and economic integration of Europe delayed Sweden's entry into the EU until 1995, and waived the introduction of the euro in 1999. First discovered by the Norwegians in the 12th century, the islands served as an international whaling base during the 17th and 18th centuries. Norway's sovereignty was recognized in 1920; five years later it officially took over the territory.
Birth rate 9.81 births/1,000 population (2002 est.) NA births/1,000 population
Budget revenues: $119 billion


expenditures: $110 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2001 est.)
revenues:
$11.5 million

expenditures:
$11.5 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1998 est.)
Capital Stockholm Longyearbyen
Climate temperate in south with cold, cloudy winters and cool, partly cloudy summers; subarctic in north arctic, tempered by warm North Atlantic Current; cool summers, cold winters; North Atlantic Current flows along west and north coasts of Spitsbergen, keeping water open and navigable most of the year
Coastline 3,218 km 3,587 km
Constitution 1 January 1975 -
Country name conventional long form: Kingdom of Sweden


conventional short form: Sweden


local long form: Konungariket Sverige


local short form: Sverige
conventional long form:
none

conventional short form:
Svalbard (sometimes referred to as Spitzbergen)
Currency Swedish krona (SEK) Norwegian krone (NOK)
Death rate 10.6 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.) NA deaths/1,000 population
Debt - external $66.5 billion (1994) (1994) -
Dependency status - territory of Norway; administered by the Ministry of Industry, Oslo, through a governor (sysselmann) residing in Longyearbyen, Spitsbergen; by treaty (9 February 1920) sovereignty was given to Norway
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission: Ambassador Charles A. HEIMBOLD, Jr.


embassy: Dag Hammarskjolds VAG 31, SE-11589 Stockholm


mailing address: American Embassy Stockholm, Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-5750 (pouch)


telephone: [46] (08) 783 53 00


FAX: [46] (08) 661 19 64
-
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador Jan ELIASSON


chancery: 1501 M Street NW, Washington, DC 20005-1702


telephone: [1] (202) 467-2600


FAX: [1] (202) 467-2699


consulate(s) general: Los Angeles and New York
-
Disputes - international none focus of a maritime boundary dispute between Norway and Russia
Economic aid - donor ODA, $1.7 billion (1997) (1997) -
Economic aid - recipient - $8.2 million from Norway (1998)
Economy - overview Aided by peace and neutrality for the whole 20th century, Sweden has achieved an enviable standard of living under a mixed system of high-tech capitalism and extensive welfare benefits. It has a modern distribution system, excellent internal and external communications, and a skilled labor force. Timber, hydropower, and iron ore constitute the resource base of an economy heavily oriented toward foreign trade. Privately owned firms account for about 90% of industrial output, of which the engineering sector accounts for 50% of output and exports. Agriculture accounts for only 2% of GDP and 2% of the jobs. The government's commitment to fiscal discipline resulted in a substantial budgetary surplus in 2001, which was cut by more than half in 2002, due to the global economic slowdown, revenue declines, and spending increases. The Swedish central bank (the Riksbank) is focusing on price stability with its inflation target of 2%. Growth should pick up to 2.3% in 2003, assuming a moderate global recovery. Coal mining is the major economic activity on Svalbard. The treaty of 9 February 1920 gives the 41 signatories equal rights to exploit mineral deposits, subject to Norwegian regulation. Although US, UK, Dutch, and Swedish coal companies have mined in the past, the only companies still mining are Norwegian and Russian. The settlements on Svalbard are essentially company towns. The Norwegian state-owned coal company employs nearly 60% of the Norwegian population on the island, runs many of the local services, and provides most of the local infrastructure. There is also some trapping of seal, polar bear, fox, and walrus.
Electricity - consumption 139.18 billion kWh (2000) NA kWh
Electricity - exports 13.628 billion kWh (2000) -
Electricity - imports 18.306 billion kWh (2000) -
Electricity - production 144.62 billion kWh (2000) NA kWh
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel: 6%


hydro: 54%


nuclear: 37%


other: 3% (2000)
fossil fuel:
NA%

hydro:
NA%

nuclear:
NA%

other:
NA%
Elevation extremes lowest point: Baltic Sea 0 m


highest point: Kebnekaise 2,111 m
lowest point:
Arctic Ocean 0 m

highest point:
Newtontoppen 1,717 m
Environment - current issues acid rain damage to soils and lakes; pollution of the North Sea and the Baltic Sea NA
Environment - international agreements party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling


signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
-
Ethnic groups indigenous population: Swedes and Finnish and Sami minorities; foreign-born or first-generation immigrants: Finns, Yugoslavs, Danes, Norwegians, Greeks, Turks Norwegian 55.4%, Russian and Ukrainian 44.3%, other 0.3% (1998)
Exchange rates Swedish kronor per US dollar - 10.4381 (January 2002), 10.3291 (2001), 9.1622 (2000), 8.2624 (1999), 7.9499 (1998), 7.6349 (1997) Norwegian kroner per US dollar - 8.7784 (January 2001), 8.8018 (2000), 7.7992 (1999), 7.5451 (1998), 7.0734 (1997), 6.4498 (1996)
Executive branch chief of state: King CARL XVI GUSTAF (since 19 September 1973); Heir Apparent Princess VICTORIA Ingrid Alice Desiree, daughter of the monarch (born 14 July 1977)


head of government: Prime Minister Goran PERSSON (since 21 March 1996)


cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the prime minister


elections: the monarchy is hereditary; following legislative elections, the prime minister is elected by the Parliament; election last held 15 September 2002 (next to be held NA September 2006)


election results: Goran PERSSON reelected prime minister with 131 out of 349 votes
chief of state:
King HARALD V of Norway (since 17 January 1991)

head of government:
Governor Morten RUUD (since NA November 1998) and Assistant Governor Odd Redar HUMLEGAARD (since NA)

elections:
none; the monarch is hereditary; governor and assistant governor responsible to the Polar Department of the Ministry of Justice
Exports $80.6 billion f.o.b. (2002 est.) $NA
Exports - commodities machinery 35%, motor vehicles, paper products, pulp and wood, iron and steel products, chemicals -
Exports - partners EU 54.6% (Germany 10.6%, UK 8.8%, Denmark 6.1%, Finland 5.7%), US 10.5%, Norway 8.6% (2001) -
Fiscal year calendar year -
Flag description blue with a golden yellow cross extending to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side in the style of the Dannebrog (Danish flag) the flag of Norway is used
GDP purchasing power parity - $227.4 billion (2002 est.) purchasing power parity - $NA
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 2%


industry: 29%


services: 69% (2001)
-
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $25,400 (2002 est.) purchasing power parity - $NA
GDP - real growth rate 1.8% (2002 est.) NA%
Geographic coordinates 62 00 N, 15 00 E 78 00 N, 20 00 E
Geography - note strategic location along Danish Straits linking Baltic and North Seas northernmost part of the Kingdom of Norway; consists of nine main islands; glaciers and snowfields cover 60% of the total area
Heliports 2 (2002) -
Highways total: 210,760 km


paved: 162,707 km (including 1,428 km of expressways)


unpaved: 48,053 km (1999)
total:
NA km

paved:
NA km

unpaved:
NA km
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: 4%


highest 10%: 20% (1992) (1992)
lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
Imports $68.6 billion f.o.b. (2002 est.) $NA
Imports - commodities machinery, petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, motor vehicles, iron and steel; foodstuffs, clothing -
Imports - partners EU 66.3% (Germany 17.8%, UK 8.7%, Denmark 8.2%, Netherlands 6.9%, France 6.5%), Norway 8.5%, US 6.7% (2001) -
Independence 6 June 1523 (Gustav VASA elected king) none (territory of Norway)
Industrial production growth rate 0.9% (2002 est.) NA%
Industries iron and steel, precision equipment (bearings, radio and telephone parts, armaments), wood pulp and paper products, processed foods, motor vehicles -
Infant mortality rate 3.44 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.) NA deaths/1,000 live births
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2.2% (2002 est.) NA%
International organization participation AfDB, AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CCC, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, EIB, ESA, EU, FAO, G- 6, G- 9, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MONUC, NAM (guest), NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNDOF, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNITAR, UNMEE, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNMOGIP, UNMOP, UNOMIG, UNTAET, UNTSO, UPU, WEU (observer), WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO, ZC none
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 29 (2000) 13 (Svalbard and Jan Mayen) (2000)
Irrigated land 1,150 sq km (1998 est.) NA sq km
Judicial branch Supreme Court or Hogsta Domstolen (judges are appointed by the prime minister and the cabinet) -
Labor force 4.4 million (2000 est.) NA
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 2%, industry 24%, services 74% (2000 est.) -
Land boundaries total: 2,205 km


border countries: Finland 586 km, Norway 1,619 km
0 km
Land use arable land: 6.8%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 93.2% (1998 est.)
arable land:
0%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
0%

forests and woodland:
0%

other:
100% (no trees, and the only bushes are crowberry and cloudberry)
Languages Swedish


note: small Sami- and Finnish-speaking minorities
Russian, Norwegian
Legal system civil law system influenced by customary law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations NA
Legislative branch unicameral Parliament or Riksdag (349 seats; members are elected by popular vote on a proportional representation basis to serve four-year terms)


elections: last held 15 September 2002 (next to be held NA September 2006)


election results: percent of vote by party - Social Democrats 39.8%, Moderates 15.2%, Liberal Party 13.3%, Christian Democrats 9.1%, Left Party 8.3%, Center Party 6.1%, Greens 4.6%; seats by party - Social Democrats 144, Moderates 55, Liberal Party 48, Christian Democrats 33, Left Party 30, Center Party 22, Greens 17
-
Life expectancy at birth total population: 79.84 years


male: 77.19 years


female: 82.64 years (2002 est.)
total population:
NA years

male:
NA years

female:
NA years
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 99% (1979 est.)


male: NA%


female: NA%
-
Location Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia, Kattegat, and Skagerrak, between Finland and Norway Northern Europe, islands between the Arctic Ocean, Barents Sea, Greenland Sea, and Norwegian Sea, north of Norway
Map references Europe Arctic Region
Maritime claims continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation


exclusive economic zone: agreed boundaries or midlines


territorial sea: 12 NM (adjustments made to return a portion of straits to high seas)
exclusive fishing zone:
200 NM unilaterally claimed by Norway but not recognized by Russia

territorial sea:
4 NM
Merchant marine total: 174 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 2,255,344 GRT/1,609,844 DWT


ships by type: bulk 5, cargo 37, chemical tanker 33, combination ore/oil 4, passenger 1, petroleum tanker 27, railcar carrier 1, roll on/roll off 38, short-sea passenger 4, specialized tanker 6, vehicle carrier 18


note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Denmark 8, Finland 8, Germany 3, Italy 3, Japan 2, Norway 7 (2002 est.)
none (2000 est.)
Military - note - demilitarized by treaty (9 February 1920)
Military branches Army, Royal Navy (including Coast Artillery and Naval Helicopter Service), Air Force -
Military expenditures - dollar figure $4,395.1 million (FY01) -
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 2.1% (FY01) -
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49: 2,060,205 (2002 est.) -
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49: 1,800,991 (2002 est.) -
Military manpower - military age NA -
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males: 51,506 (2002 est.) -
National holiday Flag Day, 6 June NA
Nationality noun: Swede(s)


adjective: Swedish
-
Natural hazards ice floes in the surrounding waters, especially in the Gulf of Bothnia, can interfere with maritime traffic ice floes often block up the entrance to Bellsund (a transit point for coal export) on the west coast and occasionally make parts of the northeastern coast inaccessible to maritime traffic
Natural resources zinc, iron ore, lead, copper, silver, timber, uranium, hydropower coal, copper, iron ore, phosphate, zinc, wildlife, fish
Net migration rate 0.95 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.) NA migrant(s)/1,000 population
Pipelines natural gas 84 km -
Political parties and leaders Center Party [Maud OLOFSSON]; Christian Democratic Party [Alf SVENSSON]; Green Party [no formal leader but party spokespersons are Maria WETTERSTRAND and Peter ERIKSSON]; Left Party or VP (formerly Communist) [Gudrun SCHYMAN]; Liberal People's Party [Lars LEIJONBORG]; Moderate Party (conservative) [Bo LUNDGREN]; Social Democratic Party [Goran PERSSON] -
Political pressure groups and leaders NA -
Population 8,876,744 (July 2002 est.) 2,332 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% NA%
Population growth rate 0.02% (2002 est.) -3.55% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors Gavle, Goteborg, Halmstad, Helsingborg, Hudiksvall, Kalmar, Karlshamn, Lulea, Malmo, Solvesborg, Stockholm, Sundsvall Barentsburg, Longyearbyen, Ny-Alesund, Pyramiden
Radio broadcast stations AM 1, FM 265, shortwave 1 (1998) AM 1, FM 1 (plus 2 repeaters), shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios 8.25 million (1997) NA
Railways total: 12,821 km


standard gauge: 12,600 km 1.435-m gauge (7,918 km electrified)


narrow gauge: 221 km 0.891-m gauge (2001)
0 km
Religions Lutheran 87%, Roman Catholic, Orthodox, Baptist, Muslim, Jewish, Buddhist -
Sex ratio at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.03 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.74 male(s)/female


total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
-
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal -
Telephone system general assessment: excellent domestic and international facilities; automatic system


domestic: coaxial and multiconductor cables carry most of the voice traffic; parallel microwave radio relay systems carry some additional telephone channels


international: 5 submarine coaxial cables; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean), 1 Eutelsat, and 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions); note - Sweden shares the Inmarsat earth station with the other Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, and Norway)
general assessment:
probably adequate

domestic:
local telephone service

international:
satellite earth station - 1 of unknown type (for communication with Norwegian mainland only)
Telephones - main lines in use 6.017 million (December 1998) NA
Telephones - mobile cellular 3.835 million (October 1998) NA
Television broadcast stations 169 (plus 1,299 repeaters) (1995) NA
Terrain mostly flat or gently rolling lowlands; mountains in west wild, rugged mountains; much of high land ice covered; west coast clear of ice about one-half of the year; fjords along west and north coasts
Total fertility rate 1.54 children born/woman (2002 est.) NA children born/woman
Unemployment rate 4% (2002 est.) -
Waterways 2,052 km


note: navigable to small steamers and barges
none
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