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Compare Singapore (2004) - Zimbabwe (2001)

Compare Singapore (2004) z Zimbabwe (2001)

 Singapore (2004)Zimbabwe (2001)
 SingaporeZimbabwe
Administrative divisions none 8 provinces and 2 cities* with provincial status; Bulawayo*, Harare*, Manicaland, Mashonaland Central, Mashonaland East, Mashonaland West, Masvingo, Matabeleland North, Matabeleland South, Midlands
Age structure 0-14 years: 16.5% (male 370,660; female 345,713)


15-64 years: 75.8% (male 1,611,502; female 1,687,048)


65 years and over: 7.8% (male 149,452; female 189,518) (2004 est.)
0-14 years:
38.68% (male 2,223,332; female 2,172,479)

15-64 years:
57.69% (male 3,319,982; female 3,236,286)

65 years and over:
3.63% (male 208,785; female 204,502) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products rubber, copra, fruit, orchids, vegetables, poultry, eggs, fish, ornamental fish corn, cotton, tobacco, wheat, coffee, sugarcane, peanuts; cattle, sheep, goats, pigs
Airports 9 (2003 est.) 455 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 10


over 3,047 m: 2


2,438 to 3,047 m: 2


1,524 to 2,437 m: 4


914 to 1,523 m: 1


under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
total:
18

over 3,047 m:
3

2,438 to 3,047 m:
2

1,524 to 2,437 m:
4

914 to 1,523 m:
9 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways - total:
437

1,524 to 2,437 m:
4

914 to 1,523 m:
209

under 914 m:
224 (2000 est.)
Area total: 692.7 sq km


land: 682.7 sq km


water: 10 sq km
total:
390,580 sq km

land:
386,670 sq km

water:
3,910 sq km
Area - comparative slightly more than 3.5 times the size of Washington, DC slightly larger than Montana
Background Singapore was founded as a British trading colony in 1819. It joined the Malaysian Federation in 1963 but separated two years later and became independent. It subsequently became one of the world's most prosperous countries with strong international trading links (its port is the world's busiest in terms of tonnage handled) and with per capita GDP equal to that of the leading nations of Western Europe. The UK annexed Southern Rhodesia from the South Africa Company in 1923. A 1961 constitution was formulated to keep whites in power. In 1965 the government unilaterally declared its independence, but the UK did not recognize the act and demanded voting rights for the black African majority in the country (then called Rhodesia). UN sanctions and a guerrilla uprising finally led to free elections in 1979 and independence (as Zimbabwe) in 1980. Robert MUGABE, the nation's first prime minister, has been the country's only ruler (as president since 1987) and has dominated the country's political system since independence.
Birth rate 9.63 births/1,000 population (2004 est.) 24.68 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues: $14.15 billion


expenditures: $15.61 billion, including capital expenditures of $5.6 billion (2003 est.)
revenues:
$2.5 billion

expenditures:
$2.9 billion, including capital expenditures of $279 million (FY96/97 est.)
Capital Singapore Harare
Climate tropical; hot, humid, rainy; two distinct monsoon seasons - Northeastern monsoon from December to March and Southwestern monsoon from June to September; inter-monsoon - frequent afternoon and early evening thunderstorms tropical; moderated by altitude; rainy season (November to March)
Coastline 193 km 0 km (landlocked)
Constitution 3 June 1959, amended 1965 (based on preindependence State of Singapore Constitution) 21 December 1979
Country name conventional long form: Republic of Singapore


conventional short form: Singapore
conventional long form:
Republic of Zimbabwe

conventional short form:
Zimbabwe

former:
Southern Rhodesia, Rhodesia
Currency Singapore dollar (SGD) Zimbabwean dollar (ZWD)
Death rate 4.05 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.) 23.22 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $15.06 billion (2003 est.) $4.1 billion (2000 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission: Ambassador Franklin L. LAVIN


embassy: 27 Napier Road, Singapore 258508


mailing address: FPO AP 96507-0001


telephone: [65] 6476-9100


FAX: [65] 6476-9340
chief of mission:
Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affairs Earl M. IRVING

embassy:
172 Herbert Chitepo Avenue, Harare

mailing address:
P. O. Box 3340, Harare

telephone:
[263] (4) 250-593

FAX:
[263] (4) 796487
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador CHAN Heng Chee


chancery: 3501 International Place NW, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 537-3100


FAX: [1] (202) 537-0876


consulate(s) general: San Francisco


consulate(s): New York
chief of mission:
Ambassador Simbi Veke MUBAKO

chancery:
1608 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009

telephone:
[1] (202) 332-7100

FAX:
[1] (202) 483-9326
Disputes - international disputes with Malaysia over deliveries of fresh water to Singapore, Singapore's land reclamation works, bridge construction, maritime boundaries, and Pedra Branca Island/Pulau Batu Putih persist - parties agree to ICJ arbitration on island dispute within three years -
Economic aid - recipient NA $200 million (2000 est.)
Economy - overview Singapore, a highly developed and successful free market economy, enjoys a remarkably open and corruption-free environment, stable prices, and a high per capita GDP. The economy depends heavily on exports, particularly in electronics and manufacturing. It was hard hit in 2001-03 by the global recession and the slump in the technology sector. The government hopes to establish a new growth path that will be less vulnerable to the external business cycle but is unlikely to abandon efforts to establish Singapore as Southeast Asia's financial and high-tech hub. Fiscal stimulus, low interest rates, and global economic recovery should lead to much improved growth in 2004. The government of Zimbabwe faces a wide variety of difficult economic problems as it struggles to consolidate earlier moves to develop a market-oriented economy. Its involvement in the war in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, for example, has already drained hundreds of millions of dollars from the economy. Badly needed support from the IMF suffers delays in part because of the country's failure to meet budgetary goals. Inflation rose from an annual rate of 32% in 1998 to 59% in 1999 and 60% in 2000. The economy is being steadily weakened by excessive government deficits and AIDS; Zimbabwe has the highest rate of infection in the world. Per capita GDP, which is twice the average of the poorer sub-Saharan nations, will increase little if any in the near-term, and Zimbabwe will suffer continued frustrations in developing its agricultural and mineral resources.
Electricity - consumption 28.35 billion kWh (2001) 6.939 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2001) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2001) 1.564 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production 30.48 billion kWh (2001) 5.78 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel:
69.98%

hydro:
30.02%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Singapore Strait 0 m


highest point: Bukit Timah 166 m
lowest point:
junction of the Runde and Save rivers 162 m

highest point:
Inyangani 2,592 m
Environment - current issues industrial pollution; limited natural fresh water resources; limited land availability presents waste disposal problems; seasonal smoke/haze resulting from forest fires in Indonesia deforestation; soil erosion; land degradation; air and water pollution; the black rhinoceros herd - once the largest concentration of the species in the world - has been significantly reduced by poaching
Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection

signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups Chinese 76.7%, Malay 14%, Indian 7.9%, other 1.4% African 98% (Shona 71%, Ndebele 16%, other 11%), mixed and Asian 1%, white less than 1%
Exchange rates Singapore dollars per US dollar - 1.7422 (2003), 1.7906 (2002), 1.7917 (2001), 1.724 (2000), 1.695 (1999) Zimbabwean dollars per US dollar - 54.9451 (January 2001), 43.2900 (2000), 38.3142 (1999), 21.4133 (1998), 11.8906 (1997), 9.9206 (1996)
Executive branch chief of state: President Sellapan Rama (S. R.) NATHAN (since 1 September 1999)


head of government: Prime Minister LEE Hsien Loong (since 12 August 2004); Senior Minister GOH Chok Tong (since 12 August 2004); Minister Mentor LEE Kuan Yew (since 12 August 2004); Deputy Prime Ministers Shunmugan JAYAKUMAR (since 12 August 2004) and Tony TAN Keng Yam (since 1 August 1995)


cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president, responsible to Parliament


elections: president elected by popular vote for a six-year term; election last held 28 August 1999 (next to be held by August 2005); following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the president; deputy prime ministers appointed by the president


election results: Sellapan Rama (S. R.) NATHAN elected president unopposed
chief of state:
Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987); Co-Vice Presidents Simon Vengai MUZENDA (since 31 December 1987) and Joseph MSIKA (since 23 December 1999); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

head of government:
Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987); Co-Vice Presidents Simon Vengai MUZENDA (since 31 December 1987) and Joseph MSIKA (since 23 December 1999); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the president; responsible to the House of Assembly

elections:
presidential candidates nominated with a nomination paper signed by at least 10 registered voters (at least one from each province) and elected by popular vote; election last held 16-17 March 1996 (next to be held NA March 2002); co-vice presidents appointed by the president

election results:
Robert Gabriel MUGABE reelected president; percent of electoral college vote - Robert Gabriel MUGABE 92.7%, Abel MUZOREWA 4.8%; Ndabaningi SITHOLE 2.4%
Exports NA (2001) $1.8 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Exports - commodities machinery and equipment (including electronics), consumer goods, chemicals, mineral fuels tobacco 29%, gold 7%, ferroalloys 7%, cotton 5% (1999 est.)
Exports - partners Malaysia 15.8%, US 14.3%, Hong Kong 10%, China 7%, Japan 6.7%, Taiwan 4.7%, Thailand 4.3%, South Korea 4.2% (2003) South Africa 10%, UK 9%, Malawi 8%, Botswana 8%, Japan 7%, (1999 est.)
Fiscal year 1 April - 31 March 1 July - 30 June
Flag description two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; near the hoist side of the red band, there is a vertical, white crescent (closed portion is toward the hoist side) partially enclosing five white five-pointed stars arranged in a circle seven equal horizontal bands of green, yellow, red, black, red, yellow, and green with a white isosceles triangle edged in black with its base on the hoist side; a yellow Zimbabwe bird is superimposed on a red five-pointed star in the center of the triangle
GDP purchasing power parity - $109.4 billion (2003 est.) purchasing power parity - $28.2 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: negligible


industry: 32.2%


services: 67.8% (2003 est.)
agriculture:
28%

industry:
32%

services:
40% (1997 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $23,700 (2003 est.) purchasing power parity - $2,500 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 1.1% (2003 est.) -6.1% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 1 22 N, 103 48 E 20 00 S, 30 00 E
Geography - note focal point for Southeast Asian sea routes landlocked
Highways total: 3,066 km


paved: 3,066 km (including 150 km of expressways)


unpaved: 0 km (1999)
total:
18,338 km

paved:
8,692 km

unpaved:
9,646 km (1996 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA


highest 10%: NA
lowest 10%:
1.8%

highest 10%:
46.9% (1990)
Illicit drugs as a transportation and financial services hub, Singapore is vulnerable, despite strict laws and enforcement, to be used as a transit point for Golden Triangle heroin and as a venue for money laundering significant transit point for African cannabis and South Asian heroin, mandrax, and methamphetamines destined for the South African and European markets
Imports NA (2001) $1.3 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Imports - commodities machinery and equipment, mineral fuels, chemicals, foodstuffs machinery and transport equipment 35%, other manufactures 18%, chemicals 17%, fuels 14% (1999 est.)
Imports - partners Malaysia 16.8%, US 14.1%, Japan 12%, China 8.7%, Taiwan 5.1%, Thailand 4.3% (2003) South Africa 46%, UK 6%, China 4%, Germany 4%, US 3% (1999 est.)
Independence 9 August 1965 (from Malaysian Federation) 18 April 1980 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate 2.8% (2003 est.) NA%
Industries electronics, chemicals, financial services, oil drilling equipment, petroleum refining, rubber processing and rubber products, processed food and beverages, ship repair, offshore platform construction, life sciences, entrepot trade mining (coal, gold, copper, nickel, tin, clay, numerous metallic and nonmetallic ores), steel, wood products, cement, chemicals, fertilizer, clothing and footwear, foodstuffs, beverages
Infant mortality rate total: 2.28 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 2.49 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 2.05 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
62.61 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 0.5% (2003 est.) 60% (2000 est.)
International organization participation APEC, ARF, AsDB, ASEAN, BIS, C, CP, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UPU, WCL, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-15, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, NAM, OAU, OPCW, PCA, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIK, UNTAET, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 6 (2000)
Irrigated land NA sq km 1,930 sq km (1993 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court (chief justice is appointed by the president with the advice of the prime minister, other judges are appointed by the president with the advice of the chief justice); Court of Appeals Supreme Court; High Court
Labor force 2.2 million (2003) 5.5 million (2000 est.)
Labor force - by occupation manufacturing 18%, construction 6%, transportation and communication 11%, financial, business, and other services 49%, other 16% (2003) agriculture 66%, services 24%, industry 10% (1996 est.)
Land boundaries 0 km total:
3,066 km

border countries:
Botswana 813 km, Mozambique 1,231 km, South Africa 225 km, Zambia 797 km
Land use arable land: 1.64%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 98.36% (2001)
arable land:
7%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
13%

forests and woodland:
23%

other:
57% (1993 est.)
Languages Chinese (official), Malay (official and national), Tamil (official), English (official) English (official), Shona, Sindebele (the language of the Ndebele, sometimes called Ndebele), numerous but minor tribal dialects
Legal system based on English common law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction mixture of Roman-Dutch and English common law
Legislative branch unicameral Parliament (84 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms); note - in addition, there are up to nine nominated members; the losing opposition candidate who came closest to winning a seat may be appointed as a "nonconstituency" member


elections: last held 3 November 2001 (next to be held not later than 25 June 2007)


election results: percent of vote by party - PAP 75.3% (in contested constituencies), other 24.7%; seats by party - PAP 82, WP 1, SPP 1
unicameral parliament, called House of Assembly (150 seats - 120 elected by popular vote for six-year terms, 12 nominated by the president, 10 occupied by traditional chiefs chosen by their peers, and 8 occupied by provincial governors)

elections:
last held 24-25 June 2000 (next to be held NA 2006)

election results:
percent of vote by party - ZANU-PF 47.2%, MDC 45.6%, ZANU-Ndonga 0.7%, United Parties 0.7%; seats by party - ZANU-PF 63, MDC 56, ZANU-Ndonga 1
Life expectancy at birth total population: 81.53 years


male: 78.96 years


female: 84.29 years (2004 est.)
total population:
37.13 years

male:
38.51 years

female:
35.7 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 92.5%


male: 96.6%


female: 88.6% (2002)
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write English

total population:
85%

male:
90%

female:
80% (1995 est.)
Location Southeastern Asia, islands between Malaysia and Indonesia Southern Africa, between South Africa and Zambia
Map references Southeast Asia Africa
Maritime claims territorial sea: 3 nm


exclusive fishing zone: within and beyond territorial sea, as defined in treaties and practice
none (landlocked)
Merchant marine total: 900 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 23,065,290 GRT/36,393,317 DWT


by type: bulk 136, cargo 84, chemical tanker 96, combination bulk 4, combination ore/oil 8, container 186, liquefied gas 41, livestock carrier 3, multi-functional large load carrier 2, petroleum tanker 290, refrigerated cargo 2, roll on/roll off 5, short-sea/passenger 1, specialized tanker 10, vehicle carrier 32


foreign-owned: Australia 6, China 15, Denmark 32, Germany 18, Greece 12, Hong Kong 31, India 3, Indonesia 33, Japan 58, South Korea 13, Malaysia 31, Monaco 19, Norway 53, Papua New Guinea 1, Philippines 9, Russia 2, Slovenia 1, Sweden 12, Switzerland 5, Taiwan 44, Tanzania 1, Thailand 16, United Kingdom 15, United States 1


registered in other countries: 383 (2004 est.)
-
Military branches Army, Navy, Air Force, People's Defense Force Zimbabwe National Army, Air Force of Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe Republic Police (includes Police Support Unit, Paramilitary Police)
Military expenditures - dollar figure $4.47 billion (FY01 est.) $127 million (FY99/00)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 4.9% (FY01) 3.1% (FY99/00)
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49: 1,292,471 (2004 est.) males age 15-49:
2,996,631 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49: 934,317 (2004 est.) males age 15-49:
1,860,167 (2001 est.)
National holiday Independence Day, 9 August (1965) Independence Day, 18 April (1980)
Nationality noun: Singaporean(s)


adjective: Singapore
noun:
Zimbabwean(s)

adjective:
Zimbabwean
Natural hazards NA recurring droughts; floods and severe storms are rare
Natural resources fish, deepwater ports coal, chromium ore, asbestos, gold, nickel, copper, iron ore, vanadium, lithium, tin, platinum group metals
Net migration rate 11.53 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.) 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

note:
there is a small but steady flow of Zimbabweans into South Africa in search of better paid employment
Pipelines gas 139 km (2004) petroleum products 212 km
Political parties and leaders governing party: People's Action Party or PAP [LEE Hsien Loong]; opposition parties: Democratic Progressive Party or DPP [LING How Dong]; National Solidarity Party or NSP [vacant] (SDA group); Singapore Democratic Alliance or SDA [CHIAM See Tong] (includes SPP, PKMS, NSP, SJP); Singapore Democratic Party or SDP [CHEE Soon Juan]; Singapore Justice Party or SJP [Desmond LIM] (SDA group); Singapore National Malay Organization or PKMS [Malik ISMAIL] (SDA group); Singapore People's Party or SPP [CHIAM See Tong] (SDA group); Workers' Party or WP [Sylvia Lim Swee LIAN] Movement for Democratic Change or MDC [Morgan TSVANGIRAI]; Popular Democratic Front or PDF [Austin CHAKAODZA]; United Parties [Abel MUZOREWA]; Zimbabwe African National Union-Ndonga or ZANU-Ndonga [Ndabaningi SITHOLE]; Zimbabwe African National Union-Patriotic Front or ZANU-PF [Robert MUGABE]; Zimbabwe Unity Movement or ZUM [Edgar TEKERE]
Political pressure groups and leaders NA National Constitutional Assembly or NCA
Population 4,353,893 (July 2004 est.) 11,365,366

note:
estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line NA 60% (1999 est.)
Population growth rate 1.71% (2004 est.) 0.15% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors Singapore Binga, Kariba
Radio broadcast stations AM 0, FM 17, shortwave 2 (2003) AM 7, FM 20 (plus 17 repeater stations), shortwave 1 (1998)
Radios - 1.14 million (1997)
Railways - total:
2,759 km (1995)

narrow gauge:
2,759 km 1.067-m gauge (313 km electrified; 42 km double track) (1995 est.)
Religions Buddhist (Chinese), Muslim (Malays), Christian, Hindu, Sikh, Taoist, Confucianist syncretic (part Christian, part indigenous beliefs) 50%, Christian 25%, indigenous beliefs 24%, Muslim and other 1%
Sex ratio at birth: 1.08 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.79 male(s)/female


total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2004 est.)
at birth:
1.03 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.02 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1.03 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
1.02 male(s)/female

total population:
1.02 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage 21 years of age; universal and compulsory 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: excellent service


domestic: excellent domestic facilities


international: country code - 65; submarine cables to Malaysia (Sabah and Peninsular Malaysia), Indonesia, and the Philippines; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean), and 1 Inmarsat (Pacific Ocean region)
general assessment:
system was once one of the best in Africa, but now suffers from poor maintenance; more than 100,000 outstanding requests for connection despite an equally large number of installed but unused main lines

domestic:
consists of microwave radio relay links, open-wire lines, radiotelephone communication stations, fixed wireless local loop installations, and a substantial mobile cellular network; Internet connection is available in Harare and planned for all major towns and for some of the smaller ones

international:
satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat; two international digital gateway exchanges (in Harare and Gweru)
Telephones - main lines in use 1,896,100 (2004) 212,000 (in addition there are about 20,000 fixed telephones in wireless local loop connections) (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular 3,521,800 (2004) 70,000 (1999)
Television broadcast stations 7 (2003) 16 (1997)
Terrain lowland; gently undulating central plateau contains water catchment area and nature preserve mostly high plateau with higher central plateau (high veld); mountains in east
Total fertility rate 1.04 children born/woman (2004 est.) 3.28 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate 4.8% (2003 est.) 50% (2000 est.)
Waterways - the Mazoe and Zambezi rivers are used for transporting chrome ore from Harare to Mozambique
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