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Compare Seychelles (2002) - Djibouti (2002)
Compare Seychelles (2002) z Djibouti (2002)
| Seychelles (2002) | Djibouti (2002) | |
 |  | |
| Administrative divisions | 23 administrative districts; Anse aux Pins, Anse Boileau, Anse Etoile, Anse Louis, Anse Royale, Baie Lazare, Baie Sainte Anne, Beau Vallon, Bel Air, Bel Ombre, Cascade, Glacis, Grand' Anse (on Mahe), Grand' Anse (on Praslin), La Digue, La Riviere Anglaise, Mont Buxton, Mont Fleuri, Plaisance, Pointe La Rue, Port Glaud, Saint Louis, Takamaka | 5 districts (cercles, singular - cercle); 'Ali Sabih, Dikhil, Djibouti, Obock, Tadjoura |
| Age structure | 0-14 years: 27.8% (male 11,238; female 11,002)
15-64 years: 66% (male 25,763; female 27,086) 65 years and over: 6.2% (male 1,667; female 3,342) (2002 est.) |
0-14 years: 42.6% (male 100,903; female 100,420)
15-64 years: 54.5% (male 135,409; female 122,209) 65 years and over: 2.9% (male 7,220; female 6,649) (2002 est.) |
| Agriculture - products | coconuts, cinnamon, vanilla, sweet potatoes, cassava (tapioca), bananas; broiler chickens; tuna fish | fruits, vegetables; goats, sheep, camels |
| Airports | 14 (2001) | 12 (2001) |
| Airports - with paved runways | total: 7
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 4 under 914 m: 2 (2002) |
total: 3
over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2002) |
| Airports - with unpaved runways | total: 7
914 to 1,523 m: 3 under 914 m: 4 (2002) |
total: 10
1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 5 under 914 m: 3 (2002) |
| Area | total: 455 sq km
land: 455 sq km water: 0 sq km |
total: 23,000 sq km
land: 22,980 sq km water: 20 sq km |
| Area - comparative | 2.5 times the size of Washington, DC | slightly smaller than Massachusetts |
| Background | A lengthy struggle between France and Great Britain for the islands ended in 1814, when they were ceded to the latter. Independence came in 1976. Socialist rule was brought to a close with a new constitution and free elections in 1993. | The French Territory of the Afars and the Issas became Djibouti in 1977. A peace accord in 1994 ended a three-year uprising by Afars rebels. |
| Birth rate | 17.27 births/1,000 population (2002 est.) | 40.33 births/1,000 population (2002 est.) |
| Budget | revenues: $249 million
expenditures: $262 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1998 est.) (1998 est.) |
revenues: $135 million
expenditures: $182 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1999 est.) |
| Capital | Victoria | Djibouti |
| Climate | tropical marine; humid; cooler season during southeast monsoon (late May to September); warmer season during northwest monsoon (March to May) | desert; torrid, dry |
| Coastline | 491 km | 314 km |
| Constitution | 18 June 1993 | multiparty constitution approved by referendum 4 September 1992 |
| Country name | conventional long form: Republic of Seychelles
conventional short form: Seychelles |
conventional long form: Republic of Djibouti
conventional short form: Djibouti former: French Territory of the Afars and Issas, French Somaliland |
| Currency | Seychelles rupee (SCR) | Djiboutian franc (DJF) |
| Death rate | 6.57 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.) | 14.43 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.) |
| Debt - external | $240 million (1999 est.) | $366 million (2002 est.) |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | the US does not have an embassy in Seychelles; the ambassador to Mauritius is accredited to the Seychelles | chief of mission: Ambassador Donald YAMAMOTO
embassy: Plateau du Serpent, Boulevard Marechal Joffre, Djibouti mailing address: B. P. 185, Djibouti telephone: [253] 35 39 95 FAX: [253] 35 39 40 |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | chief of mission: Ambassador Claude Sylvestre MOREL
chancery: 800 Second Avenue, Suite 400C, New York, NY 10017 telephone: [1] (212) 972-1785 FAX: [1] (212) 972-1786 |
chief of mission: Ambassador ROBLE Olhaye Oudine
chancery: Suite 515, 1156 15th Street NW, Washington, DC 20005 telephone: [1] (202) 331-0270 FAX: [1] (202) 331-0302 |
| Disputes - international | claims the Chagos Archipelago (UK-administered British Indian Ocean Territory) | Djibouti maintains economic ties and border accords with "Somaliland" leadership while politically supporting the Somali Transitional National Government in Mogadishu |
| Economic aid - recipient | $16.4 million (1995) (1995) | $36 million (2001) |
| Economy - overview | Since independence in 1976, per capita output in this Indian Ocean archipelago has expanded to roughly seven times the old near-subsistence level. Growth has been led by the tourist sector, which employs about 30% of the labor force and provides more than 70% of hard currency earnings, and by tuna fishing. In recent years the government has encouraged foreign investment in order to upgrade hotels and other services. At the same time, the government has moved to reduce the dependence on tourism by promoting the development of farming, fishing, and small-scale manufacturing. The vulnerability of the tourist sector was illustrated by the sharp drop in 1991-92 due largely to the Gulf war and once again following the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks on the US. Other issues facing the government are the curbing of the budget deficit, including the containment of social welfare costs, and further privatization of public enterprises. Growth slowed in 1998-2001, due to sluggish tourist and tuna sectors. Also, tight controls on exchange rates and the scarcity of foreign exchange have impaired short-term economic prospects. The black market value of the Seychelles rupee is half the official exchange rate; without a devaluation of the currency the tourist sector should remain sluggish as vacationers seek cheaper destinations such as Comoros, Mauritius, and Madagascar. | The economy is based on service activities connected with the country's strategic location and status as a free trade zone in northeast Africa. Two-thirds of the inhabitants live in the capital city, the remainder being mostly nomadic herders. Scanty rainfall limits crop production to fruits and vegetables, and most food must be imported. Djibouti provides services as both a transit port for the region and an international transshipment and refueling center. It has few natural resources and little industry. The nation is, therefore, heavily dependent on foreign assistance to help support its balance of payments and to finance development projects. An unemployment rate of 50% continues to be a major problem. Inflation is not a concern, however, because of the fixed tie of the franc to the US dollar. Per capita consumption dropped an estimated 35% over the last seven years because of recession, civil war, and a high population growth rate (including immigrants and refugees). Faced with a multitude of economic difficulties, the government has fallen in arrears on long-term external debt and has been struggling to meet the stipulations of foreign aid donors. Another factor limiting growth is the negative impact on port activity now that Ethiopia has more trade route options. |
| Electricity - consumption | 148.8 million kWh (2000) | 167.4 million kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - exports | 0 kWh (2000) | 0 kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - imports | 0 kWh (2000) | 0 kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - production | 160 million kWh (2000) | 180 million kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - production by source | fossil fuel: 100%
hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000) |
fossil fuel: 100%
hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000) |
| Elevation extremes | lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m
highest point: Morne Seychellois 905 m |
lowest point: Lac Assal -155 m
highest point: Moussa Ali 2,028 m |
| Environment - current issues | water supply depends on catchments to collect rainwater | inadequate supplies of potable water; desertification; endangered species |
| Environment - international agreements | party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution
signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol |
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
| Ethnic groups | mixed French, African, Indian, Chinese, and Arab | Somali 60%, Afar 35%, French, Arab, Ethiopian, and Italian 5% |
| Exchange rates | Seychelles rupees per US dollar - 5.7458 (January 2002), 5.8575 (2001), 5.7138 (2000), 5.3426 (1999), 5.2622 (1998), 5.0263 (1997) | Djiboutian francs per US dollar - 177.721 (fixed rate since 1973) |
| Executive branch | chief of state: President France Albert RENE (since 5 June 1977); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government
head of government: President France Albert RENE (since 5 June 1977); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 31 August-2 September 2001 (next to be held NA 2006) election results: France Albert RENE reelected president; percent of vote - France Albert RENE (SPPF) 54.19%, Wavel RAMKALAWAN (UO) 44.95%, Philippe BOULLE 0.86%; note - the first time that presidential elections have been held separately from legislative elections |
chief of state: President Ismail Omar GUELLEH (since 8 May 1999)
head of government: Prime Minister DILEITA Mohamed Dileita (since 4 March 2001) cabinet: Council of Ministers responsible to the president elections: president elected by popular vote for a six-year term; election last held 9 April 1999 (next to be held NA 2005); prime minister appointed by the president election results: Ismail Omar GUELLEH elected president; percent of vote - Ismail Omar GUELLEH 74.4%, IDRIS Moussa Ahmed 25.6% |
| Exports | $182.6 million f.o.b. (2001) | $260 million f.o.b. (1999 est.) |
| Exports - commodities | canned tuna, cinnamon bark, copra, petroleum products (reexports) | reexports, hides and skins, coffee (in transit) |
| Exports - partners | UK 48.1%, Italy 23.1%, France 14.8%, Netherlands 2.7% (1999) | Somalia 53%, Yemen 23%, Ethiopia 5% (1998) |
| Fiscal year | calendar year | calendar year |
| Flag description | five oblique bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, red, white, and green (bottom) radiating from the bottom of the hoist side | two equal horizontal bands of light blue (top) and light green with a white isosceles triangle based on the hoist side bearing a red five-pointed star in the center |
| GDP | purchasing power parity - $605 million (2001 est.) | purchasing power parity - $586 million (2001 est.) |
| GDP - composition by sector | agriculture: 3%
industry: 26% services: 71% (1999) (1999) |
agriculture: 3%
industry: 10% services: 87% (2001 est.) |
| GDP - per capita | purchasing power parity - $7,600 (2001 est.) | purchasing power parity - $1,400 (2001 est.) |
| GDP - real growth rate | 1.5% (2001 est.) | 0% (2001 est.) |
| Geographic coordinates | 4 35 S, 55 40 E | 11 30 N, 43 00 E |
| Geography - note | 40 granitic and about 50 coralline islands | strategic location near world's busiest shipping lanes and close to Arabian oilfields; terminus of rail traffic into Ethiopia; mostly wasteland; Lac Assal (Lake Assal) is the lowest point in Africa |
| Highways | total: 280 km
paved: 176 km unpaved: 104 km (1997) |
total: 2,890 km
paved: 364 km unpaved: 2,526 km (1996) |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share | lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
| Imports | $360.2 million f.o.b. (2001) | $440 million f.o.b. (1999 est.) |
| Imports - commodities | machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum products, chemicals | foods, beverages, transport equipment, chemicals, petroleum products |
| Imports - partners | Italy 13.3%, South Africa 10.7%, France 9.9%, UK 8.0%, Singapore 7.7% (1999) | France 13%, Ethiopia 12%, Italy 9%, Saudi Arabia 6%, UK 6% (1998) |
| Independence | 29 June 1976 (from UK) | 27 June 1977 (from France) |
| Industrial production growth rate | NA% | 3% (1996 est.) |
| Industries | fishing; tourism; processing of coconuts and vanilla, coir (coconut fiber) rope, boat building, printing, furniture; beverages | construction, agricultural processing |
| Infant mortality rate | 16.86 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.) | 99.7 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.) |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | 6.1% (2001 est.) | 2% (2001 est.) |
| International organization participation | ACCT, ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, InOC, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OAU, OPCW, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO (observer) | ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AFESD, AL, AMF, ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPCW (signatory), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WToO, WTrO |
| Internet Service Providers (ISPs) | 1 (2000) | 1 (2000) |
| Irrigated land | NA sq km | 10 sq km (1998 est.) |
| Judicial branch | Court of Appeal; Supreme Court; judges for both courts are appointed by the president | Supreme Court or Cour Supreme |
| Labor force | 30,900 (1996) (1996) | 282,000 |
| Labor force - by occupation | industry 19%, services 71%, agriculture 10% (1989) (1989) | NA% |
| Land boundaries | 0 km | total: 516 km
border countries: Eritrea 109 km, Ethiopia 349 km, Somalia 58 km |
| Land use | arable land: 2.22%
permanent crops: 13.33% other: 84.45% (1998 est.) |
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (1998 est.) |
| Languages | English (official), French (official), Creole | French (official), Arabic (official), Somali, Afar |
| Legal system | based on English common law, French civil law, and customary law | based on French civil law system, traditional practices, and Islamic law |
| Legislative branch | unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (34 seats - 25 elected by popular vote, 9 allocated on a proportional basis to parties winning at least 10% of the vote; members serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 4-6 December 2002 (next held by 2007) election results: percent of vote by party - SPPF 54.3%, SNP 42.6%, DP 3.1%; seats by party - SPPF 23, SNP 11 note: the 9 awarded seats are apportioned according to the percentage that each party won of the total vote |
unicameral Chamber of Deputies or Chambre des Deputes (65 seats; members elected by popular vote for five-year terms)
elections: last held 10 January 2003 (next to be held NA January 2008) election results: percent of vote - RPP 62.2%, FRUD 36.9%; seats - RPP 65, FRUD 0; note - RPP (the ruling party) dominated the election |
| Life expectancy at birth | total population: 70.97 years
male: 65.48 years female: 76.63 years (2002 est.) |
total population: 51.6 years
male: 49.73 years female: 53.52 years (2002 est.) |
| Literacy | definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 58% male: 56% female: 60% (1971 est.) |
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 46.2% male: 60.3% female: 32.7% (1995 est.) |
| Location | Eastern Africa, group of islands in the Indian Ocean, northeast of Madagascar | Eastern Africa, bordering the Gulf of Aden and the Red Sea, between Eritrea and Somalia |
| Map references | Africa | Africa |
| Maritime claims | contiguous zone: 24 NM
continental shelf: 200 NM or to the edge of the continental margin exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM |
contiguous zone: 24 NM
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM |
| Merchant marine | total: 2 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 7,086 GRT/10,192 DWT
ships by type: cargo 2 note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: South Africa 2 (2002 est.) |
- |
| Military branches | Army, Coast Guard (includes Air Wing), Presidential Protection Unit (includes Presidential Guard), Police Force (includes Police Mobile Unit, a special weapons and tactics unit capable of assisting the Army in maintaining internal stability) | Djibouti National Army (including Navy and Air Force) |
| Military expenditures - dollar figure | $11 million (FY01) | $26.5 million (FY01) |
| Military expenditures - percent of GDP | 1.8% (FY01) | 4.4% (FY01) |
| Military manpower - availability | males age 15-49: 23,210 (2002 est.) | males age 15-49: 110,221 (2002 est.) |
| Military manpower - fit for military service | males age 15-49: 11,554 (2002 est.) | males age 15-49: 64,940 (2002 est.) |
| National holiday | Constitution Day (National Day), 18 June (1993) | Independence Day, 27 June (1977) |
| Nationality | noun: Seychellois (singular and plural)
adjective: Seychellois |
noun: Djiboutian(s)
adjective: Djiboutian |
| Natural hazards | lies outside the cyclone belt, so severe storms are rare; short droughts possible | earthquakes; droughts; occasional cyclonic disturbances from the Indian Ocean bring heavy rains and flash floods |
| Natural resources | fish, copra, cinnamon trees | geothermal areas |
| Net migration rate | -5.99 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.) | 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.) |
| Political parties and leaders | Democratic Party or DP [James MANCHAM]; Seychelles National Party or SNP (formerly the United Opposition or UO) [Wavel RAMKALAWAN]; Seychelles People's Progressive Front or SPPF [France Albert RENE] - the governing party | Democratic National Party or PND [ADEN Robleh Awaleh]; Democratic Renewal Party or PRD [Abdillahi HAMARITEH]; Front pour la Restauration de l'Unite Democratique or FRUD [Ali Mohamed DAOUD]; People's Progress Assembly or RPP (governing party) [Ismail Omar GUELLEH] |
| Political pressure groups and leaders | Roman Catholic Church; trade unions | Movement for Unity and Democracy or MUD |
| Population | 80,098 (July 2002 est.) | 472,810 (July 2002 est.) |
| Population below poverty line | NA% | 50% (2001 est.) |
| Population growth rate | 0.47% (2002 est.) | 2.59% (2002 est.) |
| Ports and harbors | Victoria | Djibouti |
| Radio broadcast stations | AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 2 (1998) | AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 0 (2001) |
| Radios | 42,000 (1997) | 52,000 (1997) |
| Railways | 0 km (2003) | total: 100 km (Djibouti segment of the Addis Ababa-Djibouti railroad)
narrow gauge: 100 km 1.000-m gauge note: Djibouti and Ethiopia plan to revitalize the century-old railroad that links their capitals by 2003 (2001 est.) |
| Religions | Roman Catholic 86.6%, Anglican 6.8%, other Christian 2.5%, other 4.1% | Muslim 94%, Christian 6% |
| Sex ratio | at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.5 male(s)/female total population: 0.93 male(s)/female (2002 est.) |
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.11 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.09 male(s)/female total population: 1.06 male(s)/female (2002 est.) |
| Suffrage | 17 years of age; universal | 18 years of age; universal adult |
| Telephone system | general assessment: effective system
domestic: radiotelephone communications between islands in the archipelago international: direct radiotelephone communications with adjacent island countries and African coastal countries; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) |
general assessment: telephone facilities in the city of Djibouti are adequate as are the microwave radio relay connections to outlying areas of the country
domestic: microwave radio relay network international: submarine cable to Jiddah, Suez, Sicily, Marseilles, Colombo, and Singapore; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) and 1 Arabsat; Medarabtel regional microwave radio relay telephone network |
| Telephones - main lines in use | 19,635 (1997) | 10,000 (2002) |
| Telephones - mobile cellular | 16,316 (1999) | 5,000 (2002) |
| Television broadcast stations | 2 (plus 9 repeaters) (1997) | 1 (2002) |
| Terrain | Mahe Group is granitic, narrow coastal strip, rocky, hilly; others are coral, flat, elevated reefs | coastal plain and plateau separated by central mountains |
| Total fertility rate | 1.81 children born/woman (2002 est.) | 5.64 children born/woman (2002 est.) |
| Unemployment rate | NA% | 50% (2000 est.) (2000 est.) |
| Waterways | none | none |
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