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Compare Rwanda (2001) - Guinea (2006)

Compare Rwanda (2001) z Guinea (2006)

 Rwanda (2001)Guinea (2006)
 RwandaGuinea
Administrative divisions 12 prefectures (in French - prefectures, singular - prefecture; in Kinyarwanda - plural - NA, singular - prefegitura); Butare, Byumba, Cyangugu, Gikongoro, Gisenyi, Gitarama, Kibungo, Kibuye, Kigali Rurale, Kigali-ville, Umutara, Ruhengeri 33 prefectures and 1 special zone (zone special)*; Beyla, Boffa, Boke, Conakry*, Coyah, Dabola, Dalaba, Dinguiraye, Dubreka, Faranah, Forecariah, Fria, Gaoual, Gueckedou, Kankan, Kerouane, Kindia, Kissidougou, Koubia, Koundara, Kouroussa, Labe, Lelouma, Lola, Macenta, Mali, Mamou, Mandiana, Nzerekore, Pita, Siguiri, Telimele, Tougue, Yomou
Age structure 0-14 years:
42.4% (male 1,555,878; female 1,544,942)

15-64 years:
54.73% (male 1,989,501; female 2,013,012)

65 years and over:
2.87% (male 83,769; female 125,654) (2001 est.)
0-14 years: 44.4% (male 2,171,733/female 2,128,027)


15-64 years: 52.5% (male 2,541,140/female 2,542,847)


65 years and over: 3.2% (male 134,239/female 172,236) (2006 est.)
Agriculture - products coffee, tea, pyrethrum (insecticide made from chrysanthemums), bananas, beans, sorghum, potatoes; livestock rice, coffee, pineapples, palm kernels, cassava (tapioca), bananas, sweet potatoes; cattle, sheep, goats; timber
Airports 8 (2000 est.) 16 (2006)
Airports - with paved runways total:
4

over 3,047 m:
1

914 to 1,523 m:
2

under 914 m:
1 (2000 est.)
total: 5


over 3,047 m: 1


2,438 to 3,047 m: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 (2006)
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
4

914 to 1,523 m:
1

under 914 m:
3 (2000 est.)
total: 11


1,524 to 2,437 m: 6


914 to 1,523 m: 3


under 914 m: 2 (2006)
Area total:
26,338 sq km

land:
24,948 sq km

water:
1,390 sq km
total: 245,857 sq km


land: 245,857 sq km


water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative slightly smaller than Maryland slightly smaller than Oregon
Background In 1959, three years before independence, the majority ethnic group, the Hutus overthrew the ruling Tutsi king. Over the next several years thousands of Tutsis were killed, and some 150,000 driven into exile in neighboring countries. The children of these exiles later formed a rebel group, the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) and began a civil war in 1990. The war, along with several political and economic upheavals, exacerbated ethnic tensions culminating in April 1994 in the genocide of roughly 800,000 Tutsis and moderate Hutus. The Tutsi rebels defeated the Hutu regime and ended the killing in July 1994, but approximately 2 million Hutu refugees - many fearing Tutsi retribution - fled to neighboring Burundi, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zaire, now called the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DROC). Since then most of the refugees have returned to Rwanda. Despite substantial international assistance and political reforms - including Rwanda's first local elections in March 1999 - the country continues to struggle to boost investment and agricultural output and to foster reconciliation. A series of massive population displacements, a nagging Hutu extremist insurgency, and Rwandan involvement in two wars over the past four years in the neighboring DROC continue to hinder Rwanda's efforts. Guinea has had only two presidents since gaining its independence from France in 1958. Lansana CONTE came to power in 1984 when the military seized the government after the death of the first president, Sekou TOURE. Guinea did not hold democratic elections until 1993 when Gen. CONTE (head of the military government) was elected president of the civilian government. He was reelected in 1998 and again in 2003. Unrest in Sierra Leone and Liberia has spilled over into Guinea on several occasions over the past decade, threatening stability and creating humanitarian emergencies.
Birth rate 33.97 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) 41.76 births/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Budget revenues:
$198 million

expenditures:
$411 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.)
revenues: $305.6 million


expenditures: $590.4 million; including capital expenditures of $NA (2005 est.)
Capital Kigali name: Conakry


geographic coordinates: 9 31 N, 13 43 W


time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Climate temperate; two rainy seasons (February to April, November to January); mild in mountains with frost and snow possible generally hot and humid; monsoonal-type rainy season (June to November) with southwesterly winds; dry season (December to May) with northeasterly harmattan winds
Coastline 0 km (landlocked) 320 km
Constitution on 5 May 1995, the Transitional National Assembly adopted as Fundamental Law the constitution of 18 June 1991, provisions of the 1993 Arusha peace accord, the July 1994 Declaration by the Rwanda Patriotic Front, and the November 1994 multiparty protocol of understanding 23 December 1990 (Loi Fundamentale)
Country name conventional long form:
Rwandese Republic

conventional short form:
Rwanda

local long form:
Republika y'u Rwanda

local short form:
Rwanda

former:
Ruanda
conventional long form: Republic of Guinea


conventional short form: Guinea


local long form: Republique de Guinee


local short form: Guinee


former: French Guinea
Currency Rwandan franc (RWF) -
Death rate 21.13 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) 15.48 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Debt - external $1.3 billion (1999) $3.46 billion (2003 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission:
Ambassador George M. STAPLES

embassy:
Boulevard de la Revolution, Kigali

mailing address:
B. P. 28, Kigali

telephone:
[250] 756 01 through 03, 721 26, 771 47

FAX:
[250] 721 28
chief of mission: Ambassador Jackson C. MCDONALD


embassy: Koloma, Conakry, east of Hamdallaye Circle


mailing address: B. P. 603, Transversale No. 2, Centre Administratif de Koloma, Commune de Ratoma, Conakry


telephone: [224] 30-42-08-61


FAX: [224] 30-42-08-73
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Richard SEZIBERA

chancery:
1714 New Hampshire Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20009

telephone:
[1] (202) 232-2882

FAX:
[1] (202) 232-4544
chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Ibrihama Sory TRAORE


chancery: 2112 Leroy Place NW, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 986-4300


FAX: [1] (202) 478-3800
Disputes - international Rwandan military forces are supporting the rebel forces in the civil war in the Democratic Republic of the Congo conflicts among rebel groups, warlords, and youth gangs in neighboring states have spilled over into Guinea, resulting in domestic instability; Sierra Leone has pressured Guinea to remove its forces from the town of Yenga, occupied since 1998
Economic aid - recipient $591.5 million (1997); note - in summer 1998, Rwanda presented its policy objectives and development priorities to donor governments resulting in multiyear pledges in the amount of $250 million $237.5 million (2003)
Economy - overview Rwanda is a rural country with about 90% of the population engaged in (mainly subsistence) agriculture. It is the most densely populated country in Africa; is landlocked; and has few natural resources and minimal industry. Primary exports are coffee and tea. The 1994 genocide decimated Rwanda's fragile economic base, severely impoverished the population, particularly women, and eroded the country's ability to attract private and external investment. However, Rwanda has made significant progress in stabilizing and rehabilitating its economy. GDP has rebounded, and inflation has been curbed. In June 1998, Rwanda signed an Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility (ESAF) with the IMF. Rwanda has also embarked upon an ambitious privatization program with the World Bank. Continued growth in 2001 depends on the maintenance of international aid levels and the strengthening of world prices of coffee and tea. Guinea possesses major mineral, hydropower, and agricultural resources, yet remains an underdeveloped nation. The country possesses almost half of the world's bauxite reserves and is the second-largest bauxite producer. The mining sector accounted for over 70% of exports in 2004. Long-run improvements in government fiscal arrangements, literacy, and the legal framework are needed if the country is to move out of poverty. Fighting along the Sierra Leonean and Liberian borders, as well as refugee movements, have caused major economic disruptions, aggravating a loss in investor confidence. Panic buying has created food shortages and inflation and caused riots in local markets. Guinea is not receiving multilateral aid; the IMF and World Bank cut off most assistance in 2003. Growth rose slightly in 2005, primarily due to increases in global demand and commodity prices on world markets.
Electricity - consumption 191.8 million kWh (1999) 720.8 million kWh (2003)
Electricity - exports 1 million kWh (1999) 0 kWh (2003)
Electricity - imports 70 million kWh (1999) 0 kWh (2003)
Electricity - production 132 million kWh (1999) 775 million kWh (2003)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
3.03%

hydro:
96.97%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
-
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Rusizi River 950 m

highest point:
Volcan Karisimbi 4,519 m
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m


highest point: Mont Nimba 1,752 m
Environment - current issues deforestation results from uncontrolled cutting of trees for fuel; overgrazing; soil exhaustion; soil erosion; widespread poaching deforestation; inadequate supplies of potable water; desertification; soil contamination and erosion; overfishing, overpopulation in forest region; poor mining practices have led to environmental damage
Environment - international agreements party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Nuclear Test Ban

signed, but not ratified:
Law of the Sea
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands, Whaling


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups Hutu 84%, Tutsi 15%, Twa (Pygmoid) 1% Peuhl 40%, Malinke 30%, Soussou 20%, smaller ethnic groups 10%
Exchange rates Rwandan francs per US dollar - 432.24 (January 2001), 389.70 (2000), 333.94 (1999) 312.31 (1998), 301.53 (1997), 306.82 (1996) Guinean francs per US dollar - 2,550 (2005), 2,225 (2004), 1,984.9 (2003), 1,975.8 (2002), 1,950.6 (2001)
Executive branch chief of state:
President Maj. Gen. Paul KAGAME (FPR) (since 22 April 2000)

head of government:
Prime Minister Bernard MAKUZA (since 8 March 2000)

cabinet:
Council of Ministers appointed by the president

elections:
normally the president is elected by popular vote for a five-year term; special election for new president by deputies of the National Assembly and governmental ministers held 17 April 2000 (next national election to be held NA 2003); prime minister is appointed by the president

election results:
Paul KAGAME (FPR) elected president in a special parliamentary/ministerial ballot receiving 81 of a possible 86 votes
chief of state: President Lansana CONTE (head of military government since 5 April 1984, elected president 19 December 1993)


head of government: vacant; note - Prime Minister Cellou Dalein DIALLO was dismissed on 5 April 2006


cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president


elections: president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term (no term limits); candidate must receive a majority of the votes cast to be elected president; election last held 21 December 2003 (next to be held December 2010); the prime minister is appointed by the president


election results: Lansana CONTE reelected president; percent of vote - Lansana CONTE (PUP) 95.3%, Mamadou Boye BARRY (UPR) 4.6%
Exports $68.4 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.) NA bbl/day
Exports - commodities coffee, tea, hides, tin ore bauxite, alumina, gold, diamonds, coffee, fish, agricultural products
Exports - partners Germany, Belgium, Pakistan, Italy, Kenya Russia 14.6%, South Korea 11.3%, Spain 10.2%, Ukraine 7.9%, US 6.1%, Ireland 6%, France 5.7%, Germany 5%, Belgium 4.5% (2005)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description three equal vertical bands of red (hoist side), yellow, and green with a large black letter R centered in the yellow band; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia; similar to the flag of Guinea, which has a plain yellow band three equal vertical bands of red (hoist side), yellow, and green; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia
GDP purchasing power parity - $6.4 billion (2000 est.) -
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
40%

industry:
20%

services:
40% (2000 est.)
agriculture: 23.7%


industry: 36.2%


services: 40.1% (2005 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $900 (2000 est.) -
GDP - real growth rate 5.8% (2000 est.) 2% (2005 est.)
Geographic coordinates 2 00 S, 30 00 E 11 00 N, 10 00 W
Geography - note landlocked; predominantly rural population the Niger and its important tributary the Milo have their sources in the Guinean highlands
Highways total:
12,000 km

paved:
1,000 km

unpaved:
11,000 km (1997 est.)
-
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
4.2%

highest 10%:
24.2% (1983-85)
lowest 10%: 2.6%


highest 10%: 32% (1994)
Imports $245.9 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.) NA bbl/day
Imports - commodities foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, steel, petroleum products, cement and construction material petroleum products, metals, machinery, transport equipment, textiles, grain and other foodstuffs
Imports - partners Kenya, Tanzania, US, Benelux, France, India China 8.5%, US 7.3%, France 7.2%, Cote d'Ivoire 5.2%, Italy 4.7%, Belgium 4.1% (2005)
Independence 1 July 1962 (from Belgium-administered UN trusteeship) 2 October 1958 (from France)
Industrial production growth rate 8.7% (1998 est.) NA
Industries cement, agricultural products, small-scale beverages, soap, furniture, shoes, plastic goods, textiles, cigarettes bauxite, gold, diamonds; alumina refining; light manufacturing and agricultural processing industries
Infant mortality rate 118.92 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) total: 90 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 95.16 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 84.69 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 4% (2000) 25% (2005 est.)
International organization participation ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, CEEAC, CEPGL, ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OAU, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, MINURSO, MONUC, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIS, UNOCI, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 1 (2000) -
Irrigated land 40 sq km (1993 est.) 950 sq km (2003)
Judicial branch Supreme Court; communal courts; appeals courts Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel
Labor force 3.6 million 3 million (1999)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 90% agriculture: 80%


industry and services: 20% (2000 est.)
Land boundaries total:
893 km

border countries:
Burundi 290 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo 217 km, Tanzania 217 km, Uganda 169 km
total: 3,399 km


border countries: Cote d'Ivoire 610 km, Guinea-Bissau 386 km, Liberia 563 km, Mali 858 km, Senegal 330 km, Sierra Leone 652 km
Land use arable land:
35%

permanent crops:
13%

permanent pastures:
18%

forests and woodland:
22%

other:
12% (1993 est.)
arable land: 4.47%


permanent crops: 2.64%


other: 92.89% (2005)
Languages Kinyarwanda (official) universal Bantu vernacular, French (official), English (official), Kiswahili (Swahili) used in commercial centers French (official); note - each ethnic group has its own language
Legal system based on German and Belgian civil law systems and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction based on French civil law system, customary law, and decree; legal codes currently being revised; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Legislative branch unicameral Transitional National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale de Transition (a power-sharing body with 70 seats established on 12 December 1994 following a multiparty protocol of understanding; members were named by their parties, number of seats per party predetermined by the Arusha peace accord)

note:
four additional seats, two for women and two for youth, added in 2001

elections:
the last national legislative elections were held 16 December 1988 for the National Development Council (the legislature prior to the advent of the Transitional National Assembly); no elections have been held for the Transitional National Assembly as the distribution of seats was predetermined by the Arusha peace accord

election results:
percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - FPR 13, MDR 13, PSD 13, PL 13, PDC 6, RPA 6, PSR 2, PDI 2, UDPR 2; note - the distribution of seats was predetermined, four additional seats (two for women and two for youth) added in 2001
unicameral People's National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale Populaire (114 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve five-year terms)


elections: last held 30 June 2002 (next to be held in 2007)


election results: percent of vote by party - PUP 61.6%, UPR 26.6%, other 11.8%; seats by party - PUP 85, UPR 20, other 9
Life expectancy at birth total population:
38.99 years

male:
38.35 years

female:
39.65 years (2001 est.)
total population: 49.5 years


male: 48.34 years


female: 50.7 years (2006 est.)
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
48%

male:
52%

female:
45% (1995 est.)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 35.9%


male: 49.9%


female: 21.9% (1995 est.)
Location Central Africa, east of Democratic Republic of the Congo Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Guinea-Bissau and Sierra Leone
Map references Africa Africa
Maritime claims none (landlocked) territorial sea: 12 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Military branches Army, Navy, Air Force Army, Navy, Air Force, Presidential Guard (2006)
Military expenditures - dollar figure $58 million (FY01) $119.7 million (2005 est.)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 3.2% (FY01) 2.9% (2005 est.)
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49:
1,815,633 (2001 est.)
-
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49:
924,544 (2001 est.)
-
National holiday Independence Day, 1 July (1962) Independence Day, 2 October (1958)
Nationality noun:
Rwandan(s)

adjective:
Rwandan
noun: Guinean(s)


adjective: Guinean
Natural hazards periodic droughts; the volcanic Virunga mountains are in the northwest along the border with Democratic Republic of the Congo hot, dry, dusty harmattan haze may reduce visibility during dry season
Natural resources gold, cassiterite (tin ore), wolframite (tungsten ore), methane, hydropower, arable land bauxite, iron ore, diamonds, gold, uranium, hydropower, fish, salt
Net migration rate -1.21 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population


note: as a result of conflict in neighboring countries, Guinea is host to approximately 141,500 refugees from Cote d'Ivoire, Liberia, and Sierra Leone (2006 est.)
Political parties and leaders Centrist Democratic Party or PDC [Jean-Nipomuscene NAYINZIRA]; Democratic Socialist Party or PSD [Charles NTAKIRUTINKA, Vincent BIRUTA, Augusin IYAMUREMYE]; Democratic Popular Union of Rwanda or UDPR [Adrien RANGIRA]; Democratic Republican Movement or MDR [Celestin KABANDA, Emile NTWARABAKIGA, Christian MARARA]; Islamic Democratic Party or PDI [Andre BUMAYA]; Liberal Party or PL [Pie MUGABO, Enock KABERA, Prosper MUGIRANEZA]; Rwanda Patriotic Army or RPA [Maj. Gen. Paul KAGAME, commander]; Rwanda Patriotic Front or FPR [Maj. Gen. Paul KAGAME]; Rwandan Socialist Party or PSR [Medard RUTIJANWA] Democratic Party of Guinea-African Democratic Rally or PDG-RDA [El Hadj Ismael Mohamed Gassim GUSHEIN]; National Union for Progress or UPN [Mamadou Bhoye BARRY]; Party for Unity and Progress or PUP [Lansana CONTE] (the governing party); People's Party of Guinea or PPG [Pascal TOLNO]; Rally for the Guinean People or RPG [Alpha CONDE]; Union of Democratic Forces of Guinea or UFDG [Mamadou BA]; Union of Republican Forces or UFR [Sidya TOURE]; Union for Progress of Guinea or UPG [Jean-Marie DORE, secretary-general]; Union for Progress and Renewal or UPR [Ousmane BAH]
Political pressure groups and leaders IBUKA - association of genocide survivors Student and teacher unions
Population 7,312,756

note:
estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2001 est.)
9,690,222 (July 2006 est.)
Population below poverty line 70% (2000 est.) 40% (2003 est.)
Population growth rate 1.16% (2001 est.) 2.63% (2006 est.)
Ports and harbors Cyangugu, Gisenyi, Kibuye -
Radio broadcast stations AM 0, FM 3, shortwave 1 (1998) AM 4 (one station is inactive), FM 1 (plus 7 repeaters), shortwave 3 (2001)
Radios 601,000 (1997) -
Railways 0 km total: 837 km


standard gauge: 175 km 1.435-m gauge


narrow gauge: 662 km 1.000-m gauge (2005)
Religions Roman Catholic 52.7%, Protestant 24%, Adventist 10.4%, Muslim 1.9%, indigenous beliefs and other 6.5%, none 4.5% (1996) Muslim 85%, Christian 8%, indigenous beliefs 7%
Sex ratio at birth:
1.03 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.01 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.99 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.67 male(s)/female

total population:
0.99 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.78 male(s)/female


total population: 1 male(s)/female (2006 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal adult 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment:
telephone system primarily serves business and government

domestic:
the capital, Kigali, is connected to the centers of the prefectures by microwave radio relay; the remainder of the network depends on wire and HF radiotelephone

international:
international connections employ microwave radio relay to neighboring countries and satellite communications to more distant countries; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) in Kigali (includes telex and telefax service)
general assessment: poor to fair system of open-wire lines, small radiotelephone communication stations, and new microwave radio relay system


domestic: microwave radio relay and radiotelephone communication


international: country code - 224; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use 15,000 (1995) 26,200 (2003)
Telephones - mobile cellular NA

note:
however, Rwanda has mobile cellular service between Kigali and several prefecture capitals (2000)
189,000 (2005)
Television broadcast stations 2 (1997) 6 low-power stations (2001)
Terrain mostly grassy uplands and hills; relief is mountainous with altitude declining from west to east generally flat coastal plain, hilly to mountainous interior
Total fertility rate 4.89 children born/woman (2001 est.) 5.79 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Unemployment rate NA% NA%
Waterways note:
Lac Kivu navigable by shallow-draft barges and native craft
1,300 km (navigable by shallow-draft native craft) (2005)
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