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Compare Qatar (2001) - Libya (2003)
Compare Qatar (2001) z Libya (2003)
| Qatar (2001) | Libya (2003) | |
 |  | |
| Administrative divisions | 9 municipalities (baladiyat, singular - baladiyah); Ad Dawhah, Al Ghuwayriyah, Al Jumayliyah, Al Khawr, Al Wakrah, Ar Rayyan, Jarayan al Batinah, Madinat ash Shamal, Umm Salal | 25 municipalities (baladiyat, singular - baladiyah); Ajdabiya, Al 'Aziziyah, Al Fatih, Al Jabal al Akhdar, Al Jufrah, Al Khums, Al Kufrah, An Nuqat al Khams, Ash Shati', Awbari, Az Zawiyah, Banghazi, Darnah, Ghadamis, Gharyan, Misratah, Murzuq, Sabha, Sawfajjin, Surt, Tarabulus, Tarhunah, Tubruq, Yafran, Zlitan; note - the 25 municipalities may have been replaced by 13 regions |
| Age structure | 0-14 years:
25.77% (male 101,155; female 97,086) 15-64 years: 71.75% (male 391,178; female 160,665) 65 years and over: 2.48% (male 13,625; female 5,443) (2001 est.) |
0-14 years: 34.5% (male 970,026; female 929,174)
15-64 years: 61.4% (male 1,744,992; female 1,630,399) 65 years and over: 4.1% (male 109,262; female 115,221) (2003 est.) |
| Agriculture - products | fruits, vegetables; poultry, dairy products, beef; fish | wheat, barley, olives, dates, citrus, vegetables, peanuts, soybeans; cattle |
| Airports | 4 (2000 est.) | 136 (2002) |
| Airports - with paved runways | total:
2 over 3,047 m: 2 (2000 est.) |
total: 58
over 3,047 m: 23 2,438 to 3,047 m: 6 1,524 to 2,437 m: 22 914 to 1,523 m: 5 under 914 m: 2 (2002) |
| Airports - with unpaved runways | total:
2 914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2000 est.) |
total: 78
over 3,047 m: 5 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 14 914 to 1,523 m: 39 under 914 m: 18 (2002) |
| Area | total:
11,437 sq km land: 11,437 sq km water: 0 sq km |
total: 1,759,540 sq km
land: 1,759,540 sq km water: 0 sq km |
| Area - comparative | slightly smaller than Connecticut | slightly larger than Alaska |
| Background | Ruled by the Al Thani family since the mid-1800s, Qatar transformed itself from a poor British protectorate noted mainly for pearling into an independent state with significant oil and natural gas revenues. During the late 1980s and early 1990s, the Qatari economy was crippled by a continuous siphoning off of petroleum revenues by the amir who had ruled the country since 1972. He was overthrown by his son, the current Amir HAMAD bin Khalifa Al Thani, in a bloodless coup in 1995. In 2001, Qatar resolved its longstanding border disputes with both Bahrain and Saudi Arabia. Oil and natural gas revenues enable Qatar to have a per capita income not far below the leading industrial countries of Western Europe. | Since he took power in a 1969 military coup, Col. Muammar Abu Minyar al-QADHAFI has espoused his own political system - a combination of socialism and Islam - which he calls the Third International Theory. Viewing himself as a revolutionary leader, he used oil funds during the 1970s and 1980s to promote his ideology outside Libya, even supporting subversives and terrorists abroad to hasten the end of Marxism and capitalism. Libyan military adventures failed, e.g., the prolonged foray of Libyan troops into the Aozou Strip in northern Chad was finally repulsed in 1987. Libyan support for terrorism decreased after UN sanctions were imposed in 1992. Those sanctions were suspended in April 1999. |
| Birth rate | 15.91 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) | 27.43 births/1,000 population (2003 est.) |
| Budget | revenues:
$3.9 billion expenditures: $4 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1999 est.) |
revenues: $13.7 billion
expenditures: $8.6 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2001 est.) |
| Capital | Doha | Tripoli |
| Climate | desert; hot, dry; humid and sultry in summer | Mediterranean along coast; dry, extreme desert interior |
| Coastline | 563 km | 1,770 km |
| Constitution | provisional constitution enacted 19 April 1972; in July 1999 Amir HAMAD issued a decree forming a committee to draft a permanent constitution | 11 December 1969, amended 2 March 1977 |
| Country name | conventional long form:
State of Qatar conventional short form: Qatar local long form: Dawlat Qatar local short form: Qatar note: closest approximation of the native pronunciation falls between cutter and gutter, but not like guitar |
conventional long form: Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
conventional short form: Libya local long form: Al Jumahiriyah al Arabiyah al Libiyah ash Shabiyah al Ishtirakiyah al Uzma local short form: none |
| Currency | Qatari rial (QAR) | Libyan dinar (LYD) |
| Death rate | 4.26 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) | 3.49 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.) |
| Debt - external | $13.1 billion (2000 est.) | $4.4 billion (2001 est.) |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | chief of mission:
Ambassador Elizabeth Davenport MCKUNE embassy: 22 February Road, Doha mailing address: P. O. Box 2399, Doha telephone: [974] 488 4101 FAX: [974] 488 4298 note: workweek is Saturday-Wednesday |
the US suspended all embassy activities in Tripoli on 2 May 1980 |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | chief of mission:
Ambassador Badr Umar al-DAFA chancery: 4200 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20016 telephone: [1] (202) 274-1600 FAX: [1] (202) 237-0061 consulate(s) general: Houston |
Libya does not have an embassy in the US |
| Disputes - international | in March of 2001, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) awarded the Hawar Islands to Bahrain and adjusted its maritime boundary with Qatar; a final border resolution was agreed to with Saudi Arabia in March of 2001 | Libya has claimed more than 32,000 sq km in southeastern Algeria and about 25,000 sq km in Niger in currently dormant disputes; various Chadian rebels from the Aozou region reside in southern Libya |
| Economic aid - recipient | $NA | $15 million (2000) |
| Economy - overview | Oil accounts for more than 30% of GDP, roughly 80% of export earnings, and 66% of government revenues. Proved oil reserves of 3.7 billion barrels should ensure continued output at current levels for 23 years. Oil has given Qatar a per capita GDP comparable to that of the leading West European industrial countries. Qatar's proved reserves of natural gas exceed 7 trillion cubic meters, more than 5% of the world total, third largest in the world. Production and export of natural gas are becoming increasingly important. Long-term goals feature the development of offshore petroleum and the diversification of the economy. In 2000, Qatar posted its highest ever trade surplus of $6 billion, due mainly to high oil prices and increased natural gas exports. | The socialist-oriented economy depends primarily upon revenues from the oil sector, which contribute practically all export earnings and about one-quarter of GDP. These oil revenues and a small population give Libya one of the highest per capita GDPs in Africa, but little of this income flows down to the lower orders of society. Import restrictions and inefficient resource allocations have led to periodic shortages of basic goods and foodstuffs. The nonoil manufacturing and construction sectors, which account for about 20% of GDP, have expanded from processing mostly agricultural products to include the production of petrochemicals, iron, steel, and aluminum. Climatic conditions and poor soils severely limit agricultural output, and Libya imports about 75% of its food. Higher oil prices in the last three years led to an increase in export revenues, which has improved macroeconomic balances but has done little to stimulate broad-based economic growth. Libya is making slow progress toward economic liberalization and the upgrading of economic infrastructure, but truly market-based reforms will be slow in coming. |
| Electricity - consumption | 8.37 billion kWh (1999) | 18.77 billion kWh (2001) |
| Electricity - exports | 0 kWh (1999) | 0 kWh (2001) |
| Electricity - imports | 0 kWh (1999) | 0 kWh (2001) |
| Electricity - production | 9 billion kWh (1999) | 20.18 billion kWh (2001) |
| Electricity - production by source | fossil fuel:
100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (1999) |
fossil fuel: 100%
hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2001) |
| Elevation extremes | lowest point:
Persian Gulf 0 m highest point: Qurayn Abu al Bawl 103 m |
lowest point: Sabkhat Ghuzayyil -47 m
highest point: Bikku Bitti 2,267 m |
| Environment - current issues | limited natural fresh water resources are increasing dependence on large-scale desalination facilities | desertification; very limited natural fresh water resources; the Great Manmade River Project, the largest water development scheme in the world, is being built to bring water from large aquifers under the Sahara to coastal cities |
| Environment - international agreements | party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea |
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban |
| Ethnic groups | Arab 40%, Pakistani 18%, Indian 18%, Iranian 10%, other 14% | Berber and Arab 97%, Greeks, Maltese, Italians, Egyptians, Pakistanis, Turks, Indians, Tunisians |
| Exchange rates | Qatari rials per US dollar - 3.6400 (fixed rate) | Libyan dinars per US dollar - 1.2 (2003), 0.6 (2002), 0.51 (2001), 0.5 (2000), 0.39 (1999) |
| Executive branch | chief of state:
Amir HAMAD bin Khalifa Al Thani (since 27 June 1995 when, as crown prince, he ousted his father, Amir KHALIFA bin Hamad Al Thani, in a bloodless coup); Crown Prince JASSIM bin Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani, third son of the monarch (selected crown prince by the monarch 22 October 1996); note - Amir HAMAD also holds the positions of minister of defense and commander-in-chief of the armed forces head of government: Prime Minister ABDALLAH bin Khalifa Al Thani, brother of the monarch (since 30 October 1996); Deputy Prime Minister MUHAMMAD bin Khalifa Al Thani, brother of the monarch (since 20 January 1998) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the monarch elections: none; the monarch is hereditary note: in March 1999 Qatar held nationwide elections for a 29-member Central Municipal Council, which has consultative powers aimed at improving the provision of municipal services |
chief of state: Revolutionary Leader Col. Muammar Abu Minyar al-QADHAFI (since 1 September 1969); note - holds no official title, but is de facto chief of state
head of government: Secretary of the General People's Committee (Premier) Mubarak al-SHAMEKH (since 2 March 2000) cabinet: General People's Committee established by the General People's Congress elections: national elections are indirect through a hierarchy of people's committees; head of government elected by the General People's Congress; election last held 2 March 2000 (next to be held NA) election results: Mubarak al-SHAMEKH elected premier; percent of General People's Congress vote - NA% |
| Exports | $9.8 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.) | NA (2001) |
| Exports - commodities | petroleum products 80%, fertilizers, steel | crude oil, refined petroleum products (1999) |
| Exports - partners | Japan 52%, Singapore 9%, South Korea 8%, US, UAE (1998) | Italy 42.6%, Germany 14.1%, Spain 13.6%, Turkey 6.9%, Switzerland 4.4% (2002) |
| Fiscal year | 1 April - 31 March | calendar year |
| Flag description | maroon with a broad white serrated band (nine white points) on the hoist side | plain green; green is the traditional color of Islam (the state religion) |
| GDP | purchasing power parity - $15.1 billion (2000 est.) | purchasing power parity - $33.36 billion (2002 est.) |
| GDP - composition by sector | agriculture:
1% industry: 49% services: 50% (1996 est.) |
agriculture: 9%
industry: 45% services: 46% (2001 est.) |
| GDP - per capita | purchasing power parity - $20,300 (2000 est.) | purchasing power parity - $6,200 (2002 est.) |
| GDP - real growth rate | 4% (2000 est.) | 1.2% (2002 est.) |
| Geographic coordinates | 25 30 N, 51 15 E | 25 00 N, 17 00 E |
| Geography - note | strategic location in central Persian Gulf near major petroleum deposits | more than 90% of the country is desert or semidesert |
| Heliports | 1 (2000 est.) | 1 (2002) |
| Highways | total:
1,230 km paved: 1,107 km unpaved: 123 km (1996) |
total: 83,200 km
paved: 47,590 km unpaved: 35,610 km (1999 est.) |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share | lowest 10%:
NA% highest 10%: NA% |
lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
| Imports | $3.8 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.) | NA (2001) |
| Imports - commodities | machinery and transport equipment, food, chemicals | machinery, transport equipment, food, manufactured goods (1999) |
| Imports - partners | UK 10%, Japan 8%, Germany 6%, US 6%, Italy 6% (1998) | Italy 25.6%, Germany 9.8%, South Korea 6.6%, UK 6.6%, Tunisia 6.5%, Japan 6.4%, France 5.7% (2002) |
| Independence | 3 September 1971 (from UK) | 24 December 1951 (from Italy) |
| Industrial production growth rate | NA% | NA% |
| Industries | crude oil production and refining, fertilizers, petrochemicals, steel reinforcing bars, cement | petroleum, food processing, textiles, handicrafts, cement |
| Infant mortality rate | 21.44 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) | total: 26.8 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 29.16 deaths/1,000 live births female: 24.33 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.) |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | 2.5% (2000) | 1% (2001 est.) |
| International organization participation | ABEDA, AFESD, AL, AMF, CCC, ESCWA, FAO, G-77, GCC, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDB, IFAD, IFRCS, IHO (pending member), ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, OPCW, OPEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO | ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AL, AMF, AMU, CAEU, ECA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, NAM, OAPEC, OAU, OIC, OPEC, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO |
| Internet Service Providers (ISPs) | 1 (2000) | 1 (2002) |
| Irrigated land | 80 sq km (1993 est.) | 4,700 sq km (1998 est.) |
| Judicial branch | Court of Appeal | Supreme Court |
| Labor force | 233,000 (1993 est.) | 1.5 million (2000 est.) |
| Labor force - by occupation | - | services 54%, industry 29%, agriculture 17% (1997 est.) |
| Land boundaries | total:
60 km border countries: Saudi Arabia 60 km |
total: 4,348 km
border countries: Algeria 982 km, Chad 1,055 km, Egypt 1,115 km, Niger 354 km, Sudan 383 km, Tunisia 459 km |
| Land use | arable land:
1% permanent crops: 0% permanent pastures: 5% forests and woodland: 0% other: 94% (1993 est.) |
arable land: 1.03%
permanent crops: 0.17% other: 98.8% (1998 est.) |
| Languages | Arabic (official), English commonly used as a second language | Arabic, Italian, English, all are widely understood in the major cities |
| Legal system | discretionary system of law controlled by the amir, although civil codes are being implemented; Islamic law is significant in personal matters | based on Italian civil law system and Islamic law; separate religious courts; no constitutional provision for judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction |
| Legislative branch | unicameral Advisory Council or Majlis al-Shura (35 seats; members appointed)
note: the constitution calls for elections for part of this consultative body, but no elections have been held since 1970, when there were partial elections to the body; Council members have their terms extended every four years since |
unicameral General People's Congress (NA seats; members elected indirectly through a hierarchy of people's committees) |
| Life expectancy at birth | total population:
72.62 years male: 70.16 years female: 75.21 years (2001 est.) |
total population: 76.07 years
male: 73.91 years female: 78.34 years (2003 est.) |
| Literacy | definition:
age 15 and over can read and write total population: 79% male: 79% female: 80% (1995 est.) |
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 82.6% male: 92.4% female: 72% (2003 est.) |
| Location | Middle East, peninsula bordering the Persian Gulf and Saudi Arabia | Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Egypt and Tunisia |
| Map references | Middle East | Africa |
| Maritime claims | contiguous zone:
24 NM exclusive economic zone: as determined by bilateral agreements or the median line territorial sea: 12 NM |
territorial sea: 12 NM
note: Gulf of Sidra closing line - 32 degrees, 30 minutes north |
| Merchant marine | total:
25 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 677,992 GRT/1,049,447 DWT ships by type: cargo 10, combination ore/oil 2, container 7, petroleum tanker 6 (2000 est.) |
total: 21 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 130,081 GRT/115,480 DWT
ships by type: cargo 9, liquefied gas 3, petroleum tanker 1, roll on/roll off 4, short-sea passenger 4 note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Algeria 1, Kuwait 1, UAE 1 (2002 est.) |
| Military branches | Army, Navy, Air Force, Public Security | Armed Peoples on Duty (Army), Navy, Air and Air Defense Command (includes Air Force) |
| Military expenditures - dollar figure | $723 million (FY00/01) | $1.3 billion (FY99) |
| Military expenditures - percent of GDP | 10% (FY00/01) | 3.9% (FY99) |
| Military manpower - availability | males age 15-49:
312,116 note: includes non-nationals (2001 est.) |
males age 15-49: 1,546,432 (2003 est.) |
| Military manpower - fit for military service | males age 15-49:
163,642 (2001 est.) |
males age 15-49: 914,649 (2003 est.) |
| Military manpower - military age | 18 years of age | 17 years of age (2003 est.) |
| Military manpower - reaching military age annually | males:
6,797 (2001 est.) |
males: 61,511 (2003 est.) |
| National holiday | Independence Day, 3 September (1971) | Revolution Day, 1 September (1969) |
| Nationality | noun:
Qatari(s) adjective: Qatari |
noun: Libyan(s)
adjective: Libyan |
| Natural hazards | haze, dust storms, sandstorms common | hot, dry, dust-laden ghibli is a southern wind lasting one to four days in spring and fall; dust storms, sandstorms |
| Natural resources | petroleum, natural gas, fish | petroleum, natural gas, gypsum |
| Net migration rate | 20.12 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) | 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.) |
| Pipelines | crude oil 235 km; natural gas 400 km | condensate 225 km; gas 3,196 km; oil 6,872 km (2003) |
| Political parties and leaders | none | none |
| Political pressure groups and leaders | none | various Arab nationalist movements with almost negligible memberships may be functioning clandestinely, as well as some Islamic elements |
| Population | 769,152 (July 2001 est.) | 5,499,074
note: includes 166,510 non-nationals (July 2003 est.) |
| Population below poverty line | NA% | NA% |
| Population growth rate | 3.18% (2001 est.) | 2.39% (2003 est.) |
| Ports and harbors | Doha, Halul Island, Umm Sa'id (Musay'id) | Al Khums, Banghazi, Darnah, Marsa al Burayqah, Misratah, Ra's Lanuf, Tobruk, Tripoli, Zuwarah |
| Radio broadcast stations | AM 6, FM 5, shortwave 1 (1998) | AM 16, FM 3, shortwave 3 (2002) |
| Radios | 256,000 (1997) | - |
| Railways | 0 km | 0 km |
| Religions | Muslim 95% | Sunni Muslim 97% |
| Sex ratio | at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 2.43 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 2.5 male(s)/female total population: 1.92 male(s)/female (2001 est.) |
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.07 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.95 male(s)/female total population: 1.06 male(s)/female (2003 est.) |
| Suffrage | suffrage is limited to municipal elections | 18 years of age; universal and compulsory |
| Telephone system | general assessment:
modern system centered in Doha domestic: NA international: tropospheric scatter to Bahrain; microwave radio relay to Saudi Arabia and UAE; submarine cable to Bahrain and UAE; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) and 1 Arabsat |
general assessment: telecommunications system is being modernized; mobile cellular telephone system became operational in 1996
domestic: microwave radio relay, coaxial cable, cellular, tropospheric scatter, and a domestic satellite system with 14 earth stations international: satellite earth stations - 4 Intelsat, NA Arabsat, and NA Intersputnik; submarine cables to France and Italy; microwave radio relay to Tunisia and Egypt; tropospheric scatter to Greece; participant in Medarabtel (1999) |
| Telephones - main lines in use | 142,000 (1997) | 500,000 (1998) |
| Telephones - mobile cellular | 43,476 (1997) | 20,000 (1998) |
| Television broadcast stations | 2 (plus three repeaters) (1997) | 12 (plus one low-power repeater) (1999) |
| Terrain | mostly flat and barren desert covered with loose sand and gravel | mostly barren, flat to undulating plains, plateaus, depressions |
| Total fertility rate | 3.17 children born/woman (2001 est.) | 3.49 children born/woman (2003 est.) |
| Unemployment rate | NA% | 30% (2001) |
| Waterways | none | none |
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