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Compare Portugal (2001) - Kiribati (2001)

Compare Portugal (2001) z Kiribati (2001)

 Portugal (2001)Kiribati (2001)
 PortugalKiribati
Administrative divisions 18 districts (distritos, singular - distrito) and 2 autonomous regions* (regioes autonomas, singular - regiao autonoma); Aveiro, Acores (Azores)*, Beja, Braga, Braganca, Castelo Branco, Coimbra, Evora, Faro, Guarda, Leiria, Lisboa, Madeira*, Portalegre, Porto, Santarem, Setubal, Viana do Castelo, Vila Real, Viseu 3 units; Gilbert Islands, Line Islands, Phoenix Islands; note - in addition, there are 6 districts (Banaba, Central Gilberts, Line Islands, Northern Gilberts, Southern Gilberts, Tarawa) and 21 island councils - one for each of the inhabited islands (Abaiang, Abemama, Aranuka, Arorae, Banaba, Beru, Butaritari, Kanton, Kiritimati, Kuria, Maiana, Makin, Marakei, Nikunau, Nonouti, Onotoa, Tabiteuea, Tabuaeran, Tamana, Tarawa, Teraina)
Age structure 0-14 years:
16.96% (male 877,379; female 830,242)

15-64 years:
67.42% (male 3,321,473; female 3,465,481)

65 years and over:
15.62% (male 637,207; female 934,471) (2001 est.)
0-14 years:
40.53% (male 19,322; female 18,833)

15-64 years:
56.27% (male 26,136; female 26,841)

65 years and over:
3.2% (male 1,291; female 1,726) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products grain, potatoes, olives, grapes; sheep, cattle, goats, poultry, beef, dairy products copra, taro, breadfruit, sweet potatoes, vegetables; fish
Airports 66 (2000 est.) 21 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total:
40

over 3,047 m:
5

2,438 to 3,047 m:
9

1,524 to 2,437 m:
4

914 to 1,523 m:
17

under 914 m:
5 (2000 est.)
total:
4

1,524 to 2,437 m:
4 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
26

914 to 1,523 m:
1

under 914 m:
25 (2000 est.)
total:
17

914 to 1,523 m:
12

under 914 m:
5 (2000 est.)
Area total:
92,391 sq km

land:
91,951 sq km

water:
440 sq km

note:
includes Azores and Madeira Islands
total:
717 sq km

land:
717 sq km

water:
0 sq km

note:
includes three island groups - Gilbert Islands, Line Islands, Phoenix Islands
Area - comparative slightly smaller than Indiana four times the size of Washington, DC
Background Following its heyday as a world power during the 15th and 16th centuries, Portugal lost much of its wealth and status with the destruction of Lisbon in a 1755 earthquake, occupation during the Napoleonic Wars, and the independence in 1822 of Brazil as a colony. A 1910 revolution deposed the monarchy; for most of the next six decades repressive governments ran the country. In 1974, a left-wing military coup installed broad democratic reforms. The following year Portugal granted independence to all of its African colonies. Portugal entered the EC in 1985. The Gilbert Islands were granted self-rule by the UK in 1971 and complete independence in 1979 under the new name of Kiribati. The US relinquished all claims to the sparsely inhabited Phoenix and Line Island groups in a 1979 treaty of friendship with Kiribati.
Birth rate 11.51 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) 31.98 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues:
$48.6 billion

expenditures:
$50.7 billion, including capital expenditures of $7.7 billion (2000 est.)
revenues:
$33.3 million

expenditures:
$47.7 million, including capital expenditures of $NA million (1996 est.)
Capital Lisbon Tarawa
Climate maritime temperate; cool and rainy in north, warmer and drier in south tropical; marine, hot and humid, moderated by trade winds
Coastline 1,793 km 1,143 km
Constitution 25 April 1976, revised 30 October 1982, 1 June 1989, 5 November 1992, and 3 September 1997 12 July 1979
Country name conventional long form:
Portuguese Republic

conventional short form:
Portugal

local long form:
Republica Portuguesa

local short form:
Portugal
conventional long form:
Republic of Kiribati

conventional short form:
Kiribati

note:
pronounced kir-ih-bahss

former:
Gilbert Islands
Currency Portuguese escudo (PTE); euro (EUR)

note:
on 1 January 1999, the EU introduced the euro as a common currency that is now being used by financial institutions in Portugal at a fixed rate of 200.482 Portuguese escudos per euro and will replace the local currency for all transactions in 2002
Australian dollar (AUD)
Death rate 10.21 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) 8.88 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $13.1 billion (1997 est.) $10 million (1999 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Gerald S. MCGOWAN

embassy:
Avenida das Forcas Armadas, 1600 Lisbon

mailing address:
PSC 83, APO AE 09726

telephone:
[351] (21) 727-3300

FAX:
[351] (21) 726-9109

consulate(s):
Ponta Delgada (Azores)
the US does not have an embassy in Kiribati; the ambassador to the Marshall Islands is accredited to Kiribati
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Joao Alberto Bacelar ROCHA PARIS

chancery:
2125 Kalorama Road NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:
[1] (202) 328-8610

FAX:
[1] (202) 462-3726

consulate(s) general:
Boston, New York, Newark (New Jersey), and San Francisco

consulate(s):
Los Angeles, New Bedford (Massachusetts), Providence (Rhode Island)
Kiribati does not have an embassy in the US; there is an honorary consulate in Honolulu
Disputes - international - none
Economic aid - donor ODA, $271 million (1995) -
Economic aid - recipient - $15.5 million (1995), largely from UK and Japan
Economy - overview Portugal is an upcoming capitalist economy with a per capita GDP two-thirds that of the four big West European economies. The country qualified for the European Monetary Union (EMU) in 1998 and joined with 10 other European countries in launching the euro on 1 January 1999. The year 2000 was marked by moderation in growth, inflation, and unemployment. The country continues to run a sizable trade deficit. The government is working to reform the tax system, to modernize capital plant, and to increase the country's competitiveness in the increasingly integrated world markets. Growth is expected to fall off slightly in 2001. Improvement in the education sector is critical to the long-run catch-up process. A remote country of 33 scattered coral atolls, Kiribati has few national resources. Commercially viable phosphate deposits were exhausted at the time of independence from the UK in 1979. Copra and fish now represent the bulk of production and exports. The economy has fluctuated widely in recent years. Economic development is constrained by a shortage of skilled workers, weak infrastructure, and remoteness from international markets. Tourism provides more than one-fifth of GDP. The financial sector is at an early stage of development as is the expansion of private sector initiatives. Foreign financial aid, largely from the UK and Japan, is a critical supplement to GDP, equal to 25%-50% of GDP in recent years. Remittances from workers abroad account for more than $5 million each year. Performance in 2000 fell short of the 2.5% growth in 1999, which benefited from increased copra production and exceptionally large revenues from fishing licenses.
Electricity - consumption 37.915 billion kWh (1999) 6.5 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports 4.49 billion kWh (1999) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports 3.628 billion kWh (1999) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - production 41.696 billion kWh (1999) 7 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
79.97%

hydro:
17.25%

nuclear:
0%

other:
2.78% (1999)
fossil fuel:
100%

hydro:
0%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Atlantic Ocean 0 m

highest point:
Ponta do Pico (Pico or Pico Alto) on Ilha do Pico in the Azores 2,351 m
lowest point:
Pacific Ocean 0 m

highest point:
unnamed location on Banaba 81 m
Environment - current issues soil erosion; air pollution caused by industrial and vehicle emissions; water pollution, especially in coastal areas heavy pollution in lagoon of south Tarawa atoll due to heavy migration mixed with traditional practices such as lagoon latrines and open-pit dumping; ground water at risk
Environment - international agreements party to:
Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Environmental Modification, Nuclear Test Ban
party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection

signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups homogeneous Mediterranean stock; citizens of black African descent who immigrated to mainland during decolonization number less than 100,000 predominantly Micronesian with some Polynesian
Exchange rates euros per US dollar - 1.0659 (January 2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999); Portuguese escudos per US dollar - 180.10 (1998), 175.31 (1997), 154.24 (1996) Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.7995 (January 2001), 1.7173 (2000), 1.5497 (1999), 1.5888 (1998), 1.3439 (1997), 1.2773 (1996)
Executive branch chief of state:
President Jorge SAMPAIO (since 9 March 1996)

head of government:
Prime Minister Antonio Manuel de Oliviera GUTERRES (since 28 October 1995)

cabinet:
Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister

note:
there is also a Council of State that acts as a consultative body to the president

elections:
president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 14 January 2001 (next to be held NA January 2006); following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the president

election results:
Jorge SAMPAIO re-elected president; percent of vote - Jorge SAMPAIO (Socialist) 55.8%, Joaquim FERREIRA Do Amaral (Social Democrat) 34.5%, Antonio ABREU (Communist) 5.1%
chief of state:
President Teburoro TITO (since 1 October 1994); Vice President Tewareka TENTOA (since 12 October 1994); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

head of government:
President Teburoro TITO (since 1 October 1994); Vice President Tewareka TENTOA (since 12 October 1994); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the president from among the members of the House of Assembly, includes the president, vice president, attorney general, and up to eight other ministers

elections:
the House of Assembly chooses the presidential candidates from among their members and then those candidates compete in a general election; president is elected by popular vote for a four-year term; election last held 27 November 1998 (next to be held by NA November 2002); vice president appointed by the president

election results:
Teburoro TITO reelected president; percent of vote - Teburoro TITO 52.3%, Dr. Harry TONG 45.8%, Amberoti NIKORA 1.9%, Taberannang TIMEON 0%
Exports $26.1 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.) $6 million (f.o.b., 1998)
Exports - commodities clothing and footwear, machinery, chemicals, cork and paper products, hides copra 62%, coconuts, seaweed, fish
Exports - partners EU 83% (Germany 20%, Spain 18%, France 14%, UK 12%, Netherlands 5%, Benelux 5%, Italy), US 5% (1999) Bangladesh, Australia, US, Hong Kong (1999)
Fiscal year calendar year NA
Flag description two vertical bands of green (hoist side, two-fifths) and red (three-fifths) with the Portuguese coat of arms centered on the dividing line the upper half is red with a yellow frigate bird flying over a yellow rising sun, and the lower half is blue with three horizontal wavy white stripes to represent the ocean
GDP purchasing power parity - $159 billion (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $76 million (2000 est.), supplemented by a nearly equal amount from external sources
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
4%

industry:
36%

services:
60% (1999 est.)
agriculture:
14%

industry:
7%

services:
79% (1996 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $15,800 (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $850 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 2.7% (2000 est.) 1% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 39 30 N, 8 00 W 1 25 N, 173 00 E
Geography - note Azores and Madeira Islands occupy strategic locations along western sea approaches to Strait of Gibraltar 20 of the 33 islands are inhabited; Banaba (Ocean Island) in Kiribati is one of the three great phosphate rock islands in the Pacific Ocean - the others are Makatea in French Polynesia, and Nauru
Highways total:
68,732 km

paved:
59,110 km (including 797 km of expressways)

unpaved:
9,622 km (1999)
total:
670 km (1996)

paved:
NA km

unpaved:
NA km
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
3.1%

highest 10%:
28.4% (1995 est.)
lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
Illicit drugs important gateway country for Latin American cocaine and Southwest Asian heroin entering the European market; transshipment point for hashish from North Africa to Europe; consumer of Southwest Asian heroin -
Imports $41 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.) $44 million (c.i.f., 1999)
Imports - commodities machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, petroleum, textiles, agricultural products foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, miscellaneous manufactured goods, fuel
Imports - partners EU 78% (Spain 25%, Germany 15%, France 11%, Italy 8%, UK 7%, Netherlands 5%), US 3%, Japan 3% (1998) Australia, Fiji, Japan, NZ, China (1999)
Independence 1140 (independent republic proclaimed 5 October 1910) 12 July 1979 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate 2.9% (1999 est.) 0.7% (1992 est.)
Industries textiles and footwear; wood pulp, paper, and cork; metalworking; oil refining; chemicals; fish canning; wine; tourism fishing, handicrafts
Infant mortality rate 5.94 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) 54 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2.8% (2000 est.) 2% (1999 est.)
International organization participation AfDB, Australia Group, BIS, CCC, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, ECLAC, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAIA (observer), MINURSO, NAM (guest), NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNMOP, UNTAET, UPU, WCL, WEU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO, ZC ACP, AsDB, C, ESCAP, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), ITU, OPCW, Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WTrO (applicant)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 16 (2000) 1 (2000)
Irrigated land 6,300 sq km (1993 est.) NA sq km
Judicial branch Supreme Court or Supremo Tribunal de Justica (judges appointed for life by the Conselho Superior da Magistratura) Court of Appeal; High Court; 26 Magistrates' courts; judges at all levels are appointed by the president
Labor force 5 million (1999) 7,870 economically active, not including subsistence farmers (1985 est.)
Labor force - by occupation services 60%, industry 30%, agriculture 10% (1999 est.) -
Land boundaries total:
1,214 km

border countries:
Spain 1,214 km
0 km
Land use arable land:
26%

permanent crops:
9%

permanent pastures:
9%

forests and woodland:
36%

other:
20% (1993 est.)
arable land:
0%

permanent crops:
51%

permanent pastures:
0%

forests and woodland:
3%

other:
46% (1993 est.)
Languages Portuguese English (official), I-Kiribati
Legal system civil law system; the Constitutional Tribunal reviews the constitutionality of legislation; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations NA
Legislative branch unicameral Assembly of the Republic or Assembleia da Republica (230 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)

elections:
last held 10 October 1999 (next to be held by NA October 2003)

election results:
percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PS 115, PSD 81, PCP 15, PP 15, PEV 2, The Left Bloc 2
unicameral House of Assembly or Maneaba Ni Maungatabu (41 seats; 39 elected by popular vote, one ex officio member, and one nominated to represent Banaba; members serve four-year terms)

elections:
last held 23 September 1998 (next to be held by NA September 2002)

election results:
percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - Maneaban Te Mauri Party 14, National Progressive Party 11, independents 14
Life expectancy at birth total population:
75.94 years

male:
72.44 years

female:
79.68 years (2001 est.)
total population:
60.16 years

male:
57.25 years

female:
63.22 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
87.4%

male:
NA%

female:
NA%
definition:
NA

total population:
NA%

male:
NA%

female:
NA%
Location Southwestern Europe, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Spain Oceania, group of islands in the Pacific Ocean, straddling the equator, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to Australia; note - on 1 January 1995, Kiribati proclaimed that all of its territory lies in the same time zone as its Gilbert Islands group (GMT +12) even though the Phoenix Islands and the Line Islands under its jurisdiction lie on the other side of the International Date Line
Map references Europe Oceania
Maritime claims contiguous zone:
24 NM

continental shelf:
200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation

exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
Merchant marine total:
158 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,053,586 GRT/1,611,238 DWT

ships by type:
bulk 14, cargo 84, chemical tanker 16, container 10, liquefied gas 7, multi-functional large-load carrier 1, petroleum tanker 11, refrigerated cargo 1, roll on/roll off 6, short-sea passenger 4, vehicle carrier 4

note:
includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Spain 1 (2000 est.)
total:
1 ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,291 GRT/1,295 DWT

ships by type:
passenger/cargo 1 (2000 est.)
Military - note - Kiribati does not have military forces; defense assistance is provided by Australia and NZ
Military branches Army, Navy (includes Marines), Air Force, National Republican Guard no regular military forces; Police Force (carries out law enforcement functions and paramilitary duties; small police posts are on all islands)
Military expenditures - dollar figure $2.458 billion (FY97) $NA
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 2.6% (FY97) NA%
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49:
2,530,466 (2001 est.)
-
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49:
2,030,759 (2001 est.)
-
Military manpower - military age 20 years of age -
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males:
71,404 (2001 est.)
-
National holiday Portugal Day, 10 June (1580) Independence Day, 12 July (1979)
Nationality noun:
Portuguese (singular and plural)

adjective:
Portuguese
noun:
I-Kiribati (singular and plural)

adjective:
I-Kiribati
Natural hazards Azores subject to severe earthquakes typhoons can occur any time, but usually November to March; occasional tornadoes; low level of some of the islands make them very sensitive to changes in sea level
Natural resources fish, forests (cork), tungsten, iron ore, uranium ore, marble, arable land, hydro power phosphate (production discontinued in 1979)
Net migration rate 0.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Pipelines crude oil 22 km; petroleum products 58 km; natural gas 700 km

note:
the secondary lines for the natural gas pipeline that will be 300 km long have not yet been built
-
Political parties and leaders The Greens or PEV [leader NA]; Popular Party or PP [Paulo PORTAS]; Portuguese Communist Party/United Democratic Coalition or PCP/CDU [Carlos CARVALHAS]; Portuguese Socialist Party or PS [Antonio GUTERRES]; Social Democratic Party or PSD [leader vacant]; The Left Bloc [no leader] Maneaban Te Mauri Party [Teburoro TITO]; National Progressive Party [Teatao TEANNAKI]

note:
there is no tradition of formally organized political parties in Kiribati; they more closely resemble factions or interest groups because they have no party headquarters, formal platforms, or party structures
Political pressure groups and leaders NA NA
Population 10,066,253 (July 2001 est.) 94,149 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% NA%
Population growth rate 0.18% (2001 est.) 2.31% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors Aveiro, Funchal (Madeira Islands), Horta (Azores), Leixoes, Lisbon, Porto, Ponta Delgada (Azores), Praia da Vitoria (Azores), Setubal, Viana do Castelo Banaba, Betio, English Harbor, Kanton
Radio broadcast stations AM 47, FM 172 (many are repeaters), shortwave 2 (1998) AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 1 (1998)
Radios 3.02 million (1997) 17,000 (1997)
Railways total:
2,850 km

broad gauge:
2,576 km 1.668-m gauge (623 km electrified; 426 km double track)

narrow gauge:
274 km 1.000-m gauge (1998)
0 km
Religions Roman Catholic 94%, Protestant (1995) Roman Catholic 54%, Protestant (Congregational) 30%, some Seventh-Day Adventist, Baha'i, Latter-day Saints, and Church of God (1996)
Sex ratio at birth:
1.07 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.06 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.96 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.68 male(s)/female

total population:
0.92 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.03 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.97 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.75 male(s)/female

total population:
0.99 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment:
undergoing rapid development in recent years, Portugal's telephone system, by the end of 1998, achieved a state-of-the-art network with broadband, high-speed capabilities and a main line telephone density of 53%

domestic:
integrated network of coaxial cables, open wire, microwave radio relay, and domestic satellite earth stations

international:
6 submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean), NA Eutelsat; tropospheric scatter to Azores; note - an earth station for Inmarsat (Atlantic Ocean region) is planned
general assessment:
NA

domestic:
NA

international:
satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)

note:
Kiribati is being linked to the Pacific Ocean Cooperative Telecommunications Network, which should improve telephone service
Telephones - main lines in use 5.3 million (end 1998) 2,000 (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular 3,074,194 (1999) NA
Television broadcast stations 62 (plus 166 repeaters)

note:
includes Azores and Madeira Islands (1995)
1 (1997)
Terrain mountainous north of the Tagus River, rolling plains in south mostly low-lying coral atolls surrounded by extensive reefs
Total fertility rate 1.48 children born/woman (2001 est.) 4.36 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate 4.3% (2000 est.) 2%; underemployment 70% (1992 est.)
Waterways 820 km

note:
relatively unimportant to national economy, used by shallow-draft craft limited to 300 metric-ton or less cargo capacity
5 km (small network of canals in Line Islands)
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