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Compare Niue (2007) - Nauru (2008)
Compare Niue (2007) z Nauru (2008)
| Niue (2007) | Nauru (2008) | |
 |  | |
| Administrative divisions | none; note - there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 14 villages at the second order | 14 districts; Aiwo, Anabar, Anetan, Anibare, Baiti, Boe, Buada, Denigomodu, Ewa, Ijuw, Meneng, Nibok, Uaboe, Yaren |
| Age structure | 0-14 years: NA
15-64 years: NA 65 years and over: NA |
0-14 years: 36.4% (male 2,508/female 2,410)
15-64 years: 61.6% (male 4,111/female 4,224) 65 years and over: 2% (male 144/female 131) (2007 est.) |
| Agriculture - products | coconuts, passion fruit, honey, limes, taro, yams, cassava (tapioca), sweet potatoes; pigs, poultry, beef cattle | coconuts |
| Airports | 1 (2007) | 1 (2007) |
| Airports - with paved runways | total: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2007) |
total: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2007) |
| Area | total: 260 sq km
land: 260 sq km water: 0 sq km |
total: 21 sq km
land: 21 sq km water: 0 sq km |
| Area - comparative | 1.5 times the size of Washington, DC | about 0.1 times the size of Washington, DC |
| Background | Niue's remoteness, as well as cultural and linguistic differences between its Polynesian inhabitants and those of the rest of the Cook Islands, have caused it to be separately administered. The population of the island continues to drop (from a peak of 5,200 in 1966 to an estimated 1,492 in 2007), with substantial emigration to New Zealand, 2,400 km to the southwest. | The exact origins of the Nauruans are unclear, since their language does not resemble any other in the Pacific. The island was annexed by Germany in 1888 and its phosphate deposits began to be mined early in the 20th century by a German-British consortium. Nauru was occupied by Australian forces in World War I and subsequently became a League of Nations mandate. After the Second World War - and a brutal occupation by Japan - Nauru became a UN trust territory. It achieved its independence in 1968 and joined the UN in 1999 as the world's smallest independent republic. |
| Birth rate | NA | 24.47 births/1,000 population (2007 est.) |
| Budget | revenues: $15.07 million
expenditures: $16.33 million (FY0405) |
revenues: $13.5 million
expenditures: $13.5 million (2005) |
| Capital | name: Alofi
geographic coordinates: 19 01 S, 169 55 W time difference: UTC+12 (17 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) |
no official capital; government offices in Yaren District
time difference: UTC+12 (17 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) |
| Climate | tropical; modified by southeast trade winds | tropical with a monsoonal pattern; rainy season (November to February) |
| Coastline | 64 km | 30 km |
| Constitution | 19 October 1974 (Niue Constitution Act) | 29 January 1968; amended 17 May 1968 (Constitution Day) |
| Country name | conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Niue note: pronounciation falls between nyu-way and new-way, but not like new-wee former: Savage Island |
conventional long form: Republic of Nauru
conventional short form: Nauru local long form: Republic of Nauru local short form: Nauru former: Pleasant Island |
| Death rate | NA | 6.65 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.) |
| Debt - external | $418,000 (2002 est.) | $33.3 million (2002) |
| Dependency status | self-governing in free association with New Zealand since 1974; Niue fully responsible for internal affairs; New Zealand retains responsibility for external affairs and defense; however, these responsibilities confer no rights of control and are only exercised at the request of the Government of Niue | - |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | none (self-governing territory in free association with New Zealand) | the US does not have an embassy in Nauru; the US Ambassador to Fiji is accredited to Nauru |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | none (self-governing territory in free association with New Zealand) | chief of mission: Ambassador Vinci Niel CLODUMAR
chancery: 800 2nd Avenue, Suite 400 D, New York, NY 10017 telephone: [1] (212) 937-0074 FAX: [1] (212) 937-0079 consulate(s): Agana (Guam) |
| Disputes - international | none | none |
| Economic aid - recipient | $2.6 million from New Zealand (2002) | $20 million mostly from Australia (2005) |
| Economy - overview | The economy suffers from the typical Pacific island problems of geographic isolation, few resources, and a small population. Government expenditures regularly exceed revenues, and the shortfall is made up by critically needed grants from New Zealand that are used to pay wages to public employees. Niue has cut government expenditures by reducing the public service by almost half. The agricultural sector consists mainly of subsistence gardening, although some cash crops are grown for export. Industry consists primarily of small factories to process passion fruit, lime oil, honey, and coconut cream. The sale of postage stamps to foreign collectors is an important source of revenue. The island in recent years has suffered a serious loss of population because of emigration to New Zealand. Efforts to increase GDP include the promotion of tourism and a financial services industry, although the International Banking Repeal Act of 2002 resulted in the termination of all offshore banking licenses. Economic aid from New Zealand in 2002 was about US$2 million. Niue suffered a devastating typhoon in January 2004, which decimated nascent economic programs. While in the process of rebuilding, Niue has been dependent on foreign aid. | Revenues of this tiny island have traditionally come from exports of phosphates, now significantly depleted. An Australian company in 2005 entered into an agreement intended to exploit remaining supplies. Few other resources exist with most necessities being imported, mainly from Australia, its former occupier and later major source of support. The rehabilitation of mined land and the replacement of income from phosphates are serious long-term problems. In anticipation of the exhaustion of Nauru's phosphate deposits, substantial amounts of phosphate income were invested in trust funds to help cushion the transition and provide for Nauru's economic future. As a result of heavy spending from the trust funds, the government faces virtual bankruptcy. To cut costs the government has frozen wages and reduced overstaffed public service departments. In 2005, the deterioration in housing, hospitals, and other capital plant continued, and the cost to Australia of keeping the government and economy afloat continued to climb. Few comprehensive statistics on the Nauru economy exist, with estimates of Nauru's GDP varying widely. |
| Electricity - consumption | 2.79 million kWh (2005) | 27.9 million kWh (2005) |
| Electricity - exports | 0 kWh (2005) | 0 kWh (2005) |
| Electricity - imports | 0 kWh (2005) | 0 kWh (2005) |
| Electricity - production | 3 million kWh (2005) | 30 million kWh (2005) |
| Elevation extremes | lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point: unnamed location near Mutalau settlement 68 m |
lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point: unnamed location along plateau rim 61 m |
| Environment - current issues | increasing attention to conservationist practices to counter loss of soil fertility from traditional slash and burn agriculture | limited natural fresh water resources, roof storage tanks collect rainwater, but mostly dependent on a single, aging desalination plant; intensive phosphate mining during the past 90 years - mainly by a UK, Australia, and NZ consortium - has left the central 90% of Nauru a wasteland and threatens limited remaining land resources |
| Environment - international agreements | party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Law of the Sea
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
| Ethnic groups | Niuen 78.2%, Pacific islander 10.2%, European 4.5%, mixed 3.9%, Asian 0.2%, unspecified 3% (2001 census) | Nauruan 58%, other Pacific Islander 26%, Chinese 8%, European 8% |
| Exchange rates | New Zealand dollars per US dollar - 1.5408 (2006), 1.4203 (2005), 1.5087 (2004), 1.7221 (2003), 2.1622 (2002) | Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.2137 (2007), 1.3285 (2006), 1.3095 (2005), 1.3598 (2004), 1.5419 (2003) |
| Executive branch | chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General of New Zealand Anand SATYANAND (since 23 August 2006); the UK and New Zealand are represented by New Zealand High Commissioner John BRYAN (since May 2000)
head of government: Premier Young VIVIAN (since 1 May 2002) cabinet: Cabinet consists of the premier and three ministers elections: the monarch is hereditary; premier elected by the Legislative Assembly for a three-year term; election last held 12 May 2005 (next to be held in May 2008) election results: Young VIVIAN reelected premier; percent of Legislative Assembly vote - Young VIVIAN 85%, O'Love JACOBSEN 15% |
chief of state: President Marcus STEPHEN (since 19 December 2007); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government
head of government: President Marcus STEPHEN (since 19 December 2007); note - President Ludwig SCOTTY defeated in a no confidence vote in parliament on 19 December 2007 cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president from among the members of Parliament elections: president elected by Parliament for a three-year term; election last held 19 December 2007 (next to be held in 2010) election results: NA |
| Exports | NA bbl/day | 0 bbl/day (2004) |
| Exports - commodities | canned coconut cream, copra, honey, vanilla, passion fruit products, pawpaws, root crops, limes, footballs, stamps, handicrafts | phosphates |
| Exports - partners | New Zealand mainly, Fiji, Cook Islands, Australia (2006) | South Africa 63.7%, South Korea 7.6%, Canada 6.6% (2006) |
| Fiscal year | 1 April - 31 March | 1 July - 30 June |
| Flag description | yellow with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant; the flag of the UK bears five yellow five-pointed stars - a large one on a blue disk in the center and a smaller one on each arm of the bold red cross | blue with a narrow, horizontal, yellow stripe across the center and a large white 12-pointed star below the stripe on the hoist side; the star indicates the country's location in relation to the Equator (the yellow stripe) and the 12 points symbolize the 12 original tribes of Nauru |
| GDP - composition by sector | agriculture: 23.5%
industry: 26.9% services: 49.5% (2003) |
agriculture: NA%
industry: NA% services: NA% |
| GDP - real growth rate | 6.2% (2003 est.) | NA% |
| Geographic coordinates | 19 02 S, 169 52 W | 0 32 S, 166 55 E |
| Geography - note | one of world's largest coral islands | Nauru is one of the three great phosphate rock islands in the Pacific Ocean - the others are Banaba (Ocean Island) in Kiribati and Makatea in French Polynesia; only 53 km south of Equator |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share | lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
| Imports | NA bbl/day | 1,023 bbl/day (2004) |
| Imports - commodities | food, live animals, manufactured goods, machinery, fuels, lubricants, chemicals, drugs | food, fuel, manufactures, building materials, machinery |
| Imports - partners | New Zealand mainly, Fiji, Japan, Samoa, Australia, US (2006) | South Korea 43.8%, Australia 36.2%, US 5.9%, Germany 4.3% (2006) |
| Independence | on 19 October 1974, Niue became a self-governing parliamentary government in free association with New Zealand | 31 January 1968 (from the Australia-, NZ-, and UK-administered UN trusteeship) |
| Industrial production growth rate | NA% | NA% |
| Industries | tourism, handicrafts, food processing | phosphate mining, offshore banking, coconut products |
| Infant mortality rate | total: NA
male: NA female: NA |
total: 9.6 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 12.07 deaths/1,000 live births female: 7.02 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.) |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | 4% (2005) | -3.6% (1993) |
| International organization participation | ACP, FAO, IFAD, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO | ACP, ADB, C, FAO, ICAO, ICCt, Interpol, IOC, ITU, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO |
| Irrigated land | NA | NA |
| Judicial branch | Supreme Court of New Zealand; High Court of Niue | Supreme Court |
| Labor force | 663 (2001) | - |
| Labor force - by occupation | note: most work on family plantations; paid work exists only in government service, small industry, and the Niue Development Board | note: employed in mining phosphates, public administration, education, and transportation (1992) |
| Land boundaries | 0 km | 0 km |
| Land use | arable land: 11.54%
permanent crops: 15.38% other: 73.08% (2005) |
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2005) |
| Languages | Niuean, a Polynesian language closely related to Tongan and Samoan; English | Nauruan (official; a distinct Pacific Island language), English widely understood, spoken, and used for most government and commercial purposes |
| Legal system | English common law; note - Niue is self-governing, with the power to make its own laws | acts of the Nauru Parliament and British common law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations |
| Legislative branch | unicameral Legislative Assembly (20 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve three-year terms; six elected from a common roll and 14 are village representatives)
elections: last held 30 April 2005 (next to be held in April 2008) election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA |
unicameral Parliament (18 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve three-year terms)
elections: last held 25 August 2007 (next to be held in 2010) election results: percent of vote - NA; seats - independents 18; note - 15 of 18 incumbents reelected |
| Life expectancy at birth | total population: NA
male: NA female: NA |
total population: 63.44 years
male: 59.85 years female: 67.21 years (2007 est.) |
| Literacy | definition: NA
total population: 95% male: NA female: NA |
definition: NA
total population: NA male: NA female: NA |
| Location | Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Tonga | Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, south of the Marshall Islands |
| Map references | Oceania | Oceania |
| Maritime claims | territorial sea: 12 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm |
territorial sea: 12 nm
contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm |
| Military - note | defense is the responsibility of New Zealand | Nauru maintains no defense forces; under an informal agreement, defense is the responsibility of Australia |
| Military branches | no regular indigenous military forces; Police Force | no regular military forces; Nauru Police Force (2008) |
| Military expenditures - percent of GDP | - | NA |
| National holiday | Waitangi Day (Treaty of Waitangi established British sovereignty over New Zealand), 6 February (1840) | Independence Day, 31 January (1968) |
| Nationality | noun: Niuean(s)
adjective: Niuean |
noun: Nauruan(s)
adjective: Nauruan |
| Natural hazards | typhoons | periodic droughts |
| Natural resources | fish, arable land | phosphates, fish |
| Net migration rate | NA | 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.) |
| Political parties and leaders | Alliance of Independents or AI; Niue People's Action Party or NPP [Young VIVIAN] | Democratic Party [Kennan ADEANG]; Nauru Party (informal); Nauru First (Naoero Amo) Party; note - loose multiparty system |
| Political pressure groups and leaders | NA | NA |
| Population | 1,492
note: based on data for 2000 and 2001, which indicate a declining population trend that is assumed to continue (July 2007 est.) |
13,528 (July 2007 est.) |
| Population below poverty line | NA% | NA% |
| Population growth rate | -0.032% (2007 est.) | 1.781% (2007 est.) |
| Radio broadcast stations | AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0 (1998) | AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0 (1998) |
| Religions | Ekalesia Niue (Niuean Church - a Protestant church closely related to the London Missionary Society) 61.1%, Latter-Day Saints 8.8%, Roman Catholic 7.2%, Jehovah's Witnesses 2.4%, Seventh-Day Adventist 1.4%, other 8.4%, unspecified 8.7%, none 1.9% (2001 census) | Christian (two-thirds Protestant, one-third Roman Catholic) |
| Sex ratio | NA | at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.041 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.973 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.099 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (2007 est.) |
| Suffrage | 18 years of age; universal | 20 years of age; universal and compulsory |
| Telephone system | domestic: single-line telephone system connects all villages on island
international: country code - 683 (2001) |
general assessment: adequate local and international radiotelephone communication provided via Australian facilities
domestic: NA international: country code - 674; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean) |
| Telephones - main lines in use | 1,100 (2002 est.) | 1,900 (2002) |
| Telephones - mobile cellular | 400 (2002) | 1,500 (2002) |
| Television broadcast stations | 1 (1997) | 1 (1997) |
| Terrain | steep limestone cliffs along coast, central plateau | sandy beach rises to fertile ring around raised coral reefs with phosphate plateau in center |
| Total fertility rate | NA | 3.02 children born/woman (2007 est.) |
| Unemployment rate | 12% (2001) | 90% (2004 est.) |
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