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Compare Nepal (2005) - Togo (2002)

Compare Nepal (2005) z Togo (2002)

 Nepal (2005)Togo (2002)
 NepalTogo
Administrative divisions 14 zones (anchal, singular and plural); Bagmati, Bheri, Dhawalagiri, Gandaki, Janakpur, Karnali, Kosi, Lumbini, Mahakali, Mechi, Narayani, Rapti, Sagarmatha, Seti 5 regions (regions, singular - region); De La Kara, Des Plateaux, Des Savanes, Centrale, Maritime
Age structure 0-14 years: 39% (male 5,575,157/female 5,221,794)


15-64 years: 57.3% (male 8,137,410/female 7,720,691)


65 years and over: 3.7% (male 499,039/female 522,456) (2005 est.)
0-14 years: 45.1% (male 1,195,052; female 1,187,014)


15-64 years: 52.4% (male 1,351,345; female 1,420,617)


65 years and over: 2.5% (male 56,270; female 75,203) (2002 est.)
Agriculture - products rice, corn, wheat, sugarcane, root crops; milk, water buffalo meat coffee, cocoa, cotton, yams, cassava (tapioca), corn, beans, rice, millet, sorghum; livestock; fish
Airports 46 (2004 est.) 9 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways total: 9


over 3,047 m: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 7 (2004 est.)
total: 2


2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 37


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 7


under 914 m: 29 (2004 est.)
total: 7


914 to 1,523 m: 5


under 914 m: 2 (2002)
Area total: 140,800 sq km


land: 136,800 sq km


water: 4,000 sq km
total: 56,785 sq km


land: 54,385 sq km


water: 2,400 sq km
Area - comparative slightly larger than Arkansas slightly smaller than West Virginia
Background In 1951, the Nepalese monarch ended the century-old system of rule by hereditary premiers and instituted a cabinet system of government. Reforms in 1990 established a multiparty democracy within the framework of a constitutional monarchy. A Maoist insurgency, launched in 1996, has gained traction and is threatening to bring down the regime, especially after a negotiated cease-fire between the Maoists and government forces broke down in August 2003. In 2001, the crown prince massacred ten members of the royal family, including the king and queen, and then took his own life. In October 2002, the new king dismissed the prime minister and his cabinet for "incompetence" after they dissolved the parliament and were subsequently unable to hold elections because of the ongoing insurgency. While stopping short of reestablishing parliament, the king in June 2004 reinstated the most recently elected prime minister who formed a four-party coalition government, which the king subsequently tasked with paving the way for elections to be held in spring of 2005. Citing dissatisfaction with the government's lack of progress in addressing the Maoist insurgency, the king in February 2005 dissolved the government and assumed power. French Togoland became Togo in 1960. General Gnassingbe EYADEMA, installed as military ruler in 1967, is Africa's longest-serving head of state. Despite the facade of multiparty elections instituted in the early 1990s, the government continues to be dominated by President EYADEMA, whose Rally of the Togolese People (RPT) party has maintained power almost continually since 1967. In addition, Togo has come under fire from international organizations for human rights abuses and is plagued by political unrest. Most bilateral and multilateral aid to Togo remains frozen.
Birth rate 31.45 births/1,000 population (2005 est.) 36.11 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Budget revenues: $665 million


expenditures: $1.1 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (FY99/00 est.)
revenues: $232 million


expenditures: $252 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1997 est.)
Capital Kathmandu Lome
Climate varies from cool summers and severe winters in north to subtropical summers and mild winters in south tropical; hot, humid in south; semiarid in north
Coastline 0 km (landlocked) 56 km
Constitution 9 November 1990 multiparty draft constitution approved by High Council of the Republic 1 July 1992; adopted by public referendum 27 September 1992
Country name conventional long form: Kingdom of Nepal


conventional short form: Nepal
conventional long form: Togolese Republic


conventional short form: Togo


local long form: Republique Togolaise


local short form: none


former: French Togoland
Currency - Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States
Death rate 9.47 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.) 11.3 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Debt - external $2.7 billion (2001) $1.5 billion (1999) (1999)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission: Ambassador James F. MORIARTY


embassy: Panipokhari, Kathmandu


mailing address: use embassy street address


telephone: [977] (1) 411179


FAX: [977] (1) 419963
chief of mission: Ambassador Karl HOFMANN


embassy: Angle Rue Kouenou and Rue 15 Beniglato, Lome


mailing address: B. P. 852, Lome


telephone: [228] 221 29 91 through 221 29 94


FAX: [228] 221 79 52
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador Kedar Bhakta SHRESTHA


chancery: 2131 Leroy Place NW, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 667-4550


FAX: [1] (202) 667-5534


consulate(s) general: New York
chief of mission: Ambassador Akoussoulelou BODJONA


chancery: 2208 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 234-4212


FAX: [1] (202) 232-3190
Disputes - international joint border commission continues to work on small disputed sections of boundary with India; India has instituted a stricter border regime to restrict transit of Maoist insurgents and illegal cross-border activities Benin accuses Togo of moving boundary markers and stationing troops in its territory
Economic aid - recipient $424 million (FY00/01) $201.1 million (1995) (1995)
Economy - overview Nepal is among the poorest and least developed countries in the world with 40% of its population living below the poverty line. Agriculture is the mainstay of the economy, providing a livelihood for over 80% of the population and accounting for 40% of GDP. Industrial activity mainly involves the processing of agricultural produce including jute, sugarcane, tobacco, and grain. Security concerns in the wake of the Maoist conflict have led to a decrease in tourism, a key source of foreign exchange. Nepal has considerable scope for exploiting its potential in hydropower and tourism, areas of recent foreign investment interest. Prospects for foreign trade or investment in other sectors will remain poor, however, because of the small size of the economy, its technological backwardness, its remoteness, its landlocked geographic location, its civil strife, and its susceptibility to natural disaster. This small sub-Saharan economy is heavily dependent on both commercial and subsistence agriculture, which provides employment for 65% of the labor force. Some basic foodstuffs must still be imported. Cocoa, coffee, and cotton generate about 40% of export earnings, with cotton being the most significant cash crop despite falling prices on the world market. Political unrest, including private and public sector strikes throughout 1992 and 1993, jeopardized the reform program, shrunk the tax base, and disrupted vital economic activity. The 12 January 1994 devaluation of the XOF currency by 50% provided an important impetus to renewed structural adjustment. In the industrial sector, phosphate mining is by far the most important activity. Togo is the world's fourth largest producer, and geological advantages keep production costs low. The recently privatized mining operation, Office Togolais des Phosphates (OTP), is slowly recovering from a steep fall in prices in the early 1990's, but continues to face the challenge of tough foreign competition, exacerbated by weakening demand. Togo serves as a regional commercial and trade center. It continues to expand its duty-free export-processing zone (EPZ), launched in 1989, which has attracted enterprises from France, Italy, Scandinavia, the US, India, and China and created jobs for Togolese nationals. The government's decade-long effort, supported by the World Bank and the IMF, to implement economic reform measures, encourage foreign investment, and bring revenues in line with expenditures has stalled. Progress depends on following through on privatization, increased openness in government financial operations, progress towards legislative elections, and possible downsizing of the military, on which the regime has depended to stay in place. Lack of large-scale foreign aid, deterioration of the financial sector, energy shortages, and depressed commodity prices continue to constrain economic growth. The takeover of the national power company by a Franco-Canadian consortium in 2000 should ease the energy crisis.
Electricity - consumption 2.005 billion kWh (2002) 525.21 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - exports 142 million kWh (2002) 0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - imports 237 million kWh (2002) 435 million kWh


note: electricity supplied by Ghana (2000)
Electricity - production 2.054 billion kWh (2002) 97 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel: 98%


hydro: 2%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2000)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Kanchan Kalan 70 m


highest point: Mount Everest 8,850 m
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m


highest point: Mont Agou 986 m
Environment - current issues deforestation (overuse of wood for fuel and lack of alternatives); contaminated water (with human and animal wastes, agricultural runoff, and industrial effluents); wildlife conservation; vehicular emissions deforestation attributable to slash-and-burn agriculture and the use of wood for fuel; water pollution presents health hazards and hinders the fishing industry; air pollution increasing in urban areas
Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups Chhettri 15.5%, Brahman-Hill 12.5%, Magar 7%, Tharu 6.6%, Tamang 5.5%, Newar 5.4%, Muslim 4.2%, Kami 3.9%, Yadav 3.9%, other 32.7%, unspecified 2.8% (2001 census) native African (37 tribes; largest and most important are Ewe, Mina, and Kabre) 99%, European and Syrian-Lebanese less than 1%
Exchange rates Nepalese rupees per US dollar - 73.674 (2004), 76.141 (2003), 77.877 (2002), 74.949 (2001), 71.094 (2000) Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - 741.79 (January 2002), 733.04 (2001), 711.98 (2000), 615.70 (1999), 589.95 (1998), 583.67 (1997); note - from 1 January 1999, the XOF is pegged to the euro at a rate of 655.957 XOF per euro
Executive branch chief of state: King GYANENDRA Bir Bikram Shah (succeeded to the throne 4 June 2001 following the death of his nephew, King DIPENDRA Bir Bikram Shah)


head of government: Prime Minister Sher Bahadur DEUBA; note - the Prime Minister resigned in Februrary 2005


cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the monarch on the recommendation of the prime minister; note - the King dissolved the Cabinet in February 2005


elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the monarch


note: King BIRENDRA Bir Bikram Shah Dev died in a bloody shooting at the royal palace on 1 June 2001 that also claimed the lives of most of the royal family; King BIRENDRA's son, Crown Price DIPENDRA, is believed to have been responsible for the shootings before fatally wounding himself; immediately following the shootings and while still clinging to life, DIPENDRA was crowned king; he died three days later and was succeeded by his uncle
chief of state: President Gen. Gnassingbe EYADEMA (since 14 April 1967)


head of government: Prime Minister Koffi SAMA (since 29 June 2002)


cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president and the prime minister


elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 21 June 1998 (next to be held June 2003); prime minister appointed by the president


election results: Gnassingbe EYADEMA reelected president; percent of vote - Gnassingbe EYADEMA 52.13%, Gilchrist OLYMPIO 34.12%, other 13.75%
Exports NA $306 million f.o.b. (2001)
Exports - commodities carpets, clothing, leather goods, jute goods, grain cotton, phosphates, coffee, cocoa
Exports - partners India 47.4%, US 22.7%, Germany 8.4% (2004) Benin 12%, Nigeria 9%, Belgium 5%, Ghana 4% (2000)
Fiscal year 16 July - 15 July calendar year
Flag description red with a blue border around the unique shape of two overlapping right triangles; the smaller, upper triangle bears a white stylized moon and the larger, lower triangle bears a white 12-pointed sun five equal horizontal bands of green (top and bottom) alternating with yellow; there is a white five-pointed star on a red square in the upper hoist-side corner; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia
GDP - purchasing power parity - $7.6 billion (2001 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 40%


industry: 20%


services: 40% (2002 est.)
agriculture: 42%


industry: 21%


services: 37% (2001 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $1,500 (2004 est.) purchasing power parity - $1,500 (2001 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 3% (2004 est.) 2.2% (2001 est.)
Geographic coordinates 28 00 N, 84 00 E 8 00 N, 1 10 E
Geography - note landlocked; strategic location between China and India; contains eight of world's 10 highest peaks, including Mount Everest - the world's tallest - on the border with China the country's length allows it to stretch through six distinct geographic regions; climate varies from tropical to savanna
Highways total: 13,223 km


paved: 4,073 km


unpaved: 9,150 km (1999 est.)
total: 7,520 km


paved: 2,376 km


unpaved: 5,144 km (1996)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: 3.2%


highest 10%: 29.8% (1995-96)
lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
Illicit drugs illicit producer of cannabis and hashish for the domestic and international drug markets; transit point for opiates from Southeast Asia to the West transit hub for Nigerian heroin and cocaine traffickers; money laundering not a significant problem
Imports NA $420 million f.o.b. (2001)
Imports - commodities gold, machinery and equipment, petroleum products, fertilizer machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum products
Imports - partners India 46.3%, China 10.8%, UAE 9.3%, Saudi Arabia 4.1% (2004) Ghana 26%, France 11%, China 7%, Cote d'Ivoire 7% (2000)
Independence 1768 (unified by Prithvi Narayan Shah) 27 April 1960 (from French-administered UN trusteeship)
Industrial production growth rate 8.7% (FY99/00) NA%
Industries tourism, carpet, textile; small rice, jute, sugar, and oilseed mills; cigarette; cement and brick production phosphate mining, agricultural processing, cement; handicrafts, textiles, beverages
Infant mortality rate total: 66.98 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 65.25 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 68.79 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
69.32 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2.9% (2002 est.) 2.3% (2001 est.)
International organization participation AsDB, CP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO (correspondent), ITU, MICAH, MIGA, MONUC, NAM, ONUB, OPCW, SAARC, SACEP, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNDOF, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMEE, UNMIK, UNMIL, UNMISET, UNOCI, UNTSO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, WToO, WTO (observer) ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, MIPONUH, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 3 (2001)
Irrigated land 11,350 sq km (1998 est.) 70 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court or Sarbochha Adalat (chief justice is appointed by the monarch on recommendation of the Constitutional Council; the other judges are appointed by the monarch on the recommendation of the Judicial Council) Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; Supreme Court or Cour Supreme
Labor force 10 million


note: severe lack of skilled labor (1996 est.)
1.74 million (1996) (1996)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 81%, industry 3%, services 16% agriculture 65%, industry 5%, services 30% (1998 est.)
Land boundaries total: 2,926 km


border countries: China 1,236 km, India 1,690 km
total: 1,647 km


border countries: Benin 644 km, Burkina Faso 126 km, Ghana 877 km
Land use arable land: 21.68%


permanent crops: 0.64%


other: 77.68% (2001)
arable land: 41.37%


permanent crops: 1.84%


other: 56.79% (1998 est.)
Languages Nepali 47.8%, Maithali 12.1%, Bhojpuri 7.4%, Tharu (Dagaura/Rana) 5.8%, Tamang 5.1%, Newar 3.6%, Magar 3.3%, Awadhi 2.4%, other 10%, unspecified 2.5% (2001 census)


note: many in government and business also speak English
French (official and the language of commerce), Ewe and Mina (the two major African languages in the south), Kabye (sometimes spelled Kabiye) and Dagomba (the two major African languages in the north)
Legal system based on Hindu legal concepts and English common law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction French-based court system
Legislative branch bicameral Parliament consists of the National Council (60 seats; 35 appointed by the House of Representatives, 10 by the king, and 15 elected by an electoral college; one-third of the members elected every two years to serve six-year terms) and the House of Representatives (205 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)


elections: House of Representatives - last held 3 and 17 May 1999 (next election NA); note - Nepal's Parliament was dissolved on 22 May 2002


election results: House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NC 37.3%, CPN/UML 31.6%, NDP 10.4%, NSP 3.2%, Rastriya Jana Morcha 1.4%, Samyukta Janmorcha Nepal 0.8%, NWPP 0.5%, others 14.8%; seats by party - NC 113, CPN/UML 69, NDP 11, NSP 5, Rastriya Jana Morcha 5, Samyukta Janmorcha Nepal 1, NWPP 1
unicameral National Assembly (81 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)


elections: last held 27 October 2002 (next NA 2006)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - RPT 72, RSD 3, UDPS 2, Juvento 2, MOCEP 1, independents 1


note: two opposition parties boycotted the election, the Union of the Forces for Change, and the Action Committee for Renewal
Life expectancy at birth total population: 59.8 years


male: 60.09 years


female: 59.5 years (2005 est.)
total population: 54.02 years


male: 52.03 years


female: 56.07 years (2002 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 45.2%


male: 62.7%


female: 27.6% (2003 est.)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 51.7%


male: 67%


female: 37% (1995 est.)
Location Southern Asia, between China and India Western Africa, bordering the Bight of Benin, between Benin and Ghana
Map references Asia Africa
Maritime claims none (landlocked) exclusive economic zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 30 NM
Merchant marine - total: 1 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 2,603 GRT/2,800 DWT


ships by type: specialized tanker 1


note: includes a foreign-owned ship registered here as a flag of convenience: Greece 1 (2002 est.)
Military branches Royal Nepalese Army (includes Royal Nepalese Army Air Service), Nepalese Police Force Army, Navy, Air Force, Gendarmerie
Military expenditures - dollar figure $99.2 million (2004) $21.9 million (FY01)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 1.5% (2004) 1.8% (FY01)
Military manpower - availability - males age 15-49: 1,220,758 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service - males age 15-49: 640,280 (2002 est.)
National holiday Birthday of King GYANENDRA, 7 July (1946) Independence Day, 27 April (1960)
Nationality noun: Nepalese (singular and plural)


adjective: Nepalese
noun: Togolese (singular and plural)


adjective: Togolese
Natural hazards severe thunderstorms, flooding, landslides, drought, and famine depending on the timing, intensity, and duration of the summer monsoons hot, dry harmattan wind can reduce visibility in north during winter; periodic droughts
Natural resources quartz, water, timber, hydropower, scenic beauty, small deposits of lignite, copper, cobalt, iron ore phosphates, limestone, marble, arable land
Net migration rate 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.) 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Political parties and leaders Communist Party of Nepal/United Marxist-Leninist or CPN/UML [Madhav Kumar NEPAL, general secretary]; National Democratic Party or NDP (also called Rastriya Prajantra Party or RPP) [Surya Bahadur THAPA, chairman]; People's Front Nepal (Rastriya Jana Morcha) [Chitra BAHADUR, chairman]; Nepali Congress-Democratic [Sher Bahadur DEUBA, president]; Nepali Congress or NC [Girija Prasad KOIRALA, party president; Sushil KOIRALA, general secretary]; Nepal Sadbhavana (Goodwill) Party or NSP [Bhadri Prasad MANDAL, acting party president]; Nepal Workers and Peasants Party or NWPP [Narayan Man BIJUKCHHE, party chairman]; Samyukta Janmorcha Nepal [leader NA] Action Committee for Renewal or CAR [Yawovi AGBOYIBO]; Coordination des Forces Nouvelles or CFN [Joseph KOFFIGOH]; Democratic Convention of African Peoples or CDPA [Leopold GNININVI]; Party for Democracy and Renewal or PDR [Zarifou AYEVA]; Patriotic Pan-African Convergence or CPP [Edem KODJO]; Rally of the Togolese People or RPT [President Gen. Gnassingbe EYADEMA]; Union of Forces for Change or UFC [Gilchrist OLYMPIO (in exile), Jean Pierre FABRE, general secretary in Togo]; Union of Independent Liberals or ULI [Jacques AMOUZOU]


note: Rally of the Togolese People or RPT, led by President EYADEMA, was the only party until the formation of multiple parties was legalized 12 April 1991
Political pressure groups and leaders Maoist guerrilla-based insurgency [Pushpa Kamal DAHAL, also known as PRAHANDA, chairman; Dr. Baburam BHATTARAI, from Communist Party of Nepal/Maoist, chief negotiator]; numerous small, left-leaning student groups in the capital; several small, radical Nepalese antimonarchist groups NA
Population 27,676,547 (July 2005 est.) 5,285,501


note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line 42% (1995-96) 32% (1989 est.)
Population growth rate 2.2% (2005 est.) 2.48% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors - Kpeme, Lome
Radio broadcast stations AM 6, FM 5, shortwave 1 (January 2000) AM 2, FM 9, shortwave 4 (1998)
Radios - 940,000 (1997)
Railways total: 59 km


narrow gauge: 59 km 0.762-m gauge (2004)
total: 525 km


narrow gauge: 525 km 1.000-m gauge (2001)
Religions Hindu 80.6%, Buddhist 10.7%, Muslim 4.2%, Kirant 3.6%, other 0.9% (2001 census)


note: only official Hindu state in the world
indigenous beliefs 51%, Christian 29%, Muslim 20%
Sex ratio at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.05 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.96 male(s)/female


total population: 1.06 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female


total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal NA years of age; universal adult
Telephone system general assessment: poor telephone and telegraph service; fair radiotelephone communication service and mobile cellular telephone network


domestic: NA


international: country code - 977; radiotelephone communications; microwave landline to India; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean)
general assessment: fair system based on a network of microwave radio relay routes supplemented by open-wire lines and a mobile cellular system


domestic: microwave radio relay and open-wire lines for conventional system; cellular system has capacity of 10,000 telephones


international: satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 Symphonie
Telephones - main lines in use 371,800 (2003) 25,000 (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular 50,400 (2003) 2,995 (1997)
Television broadcast stations 1 (plus 9 repeaters) (1998) 3 (plus two repeaters) (1997)
Terrain Tarai or flat river plain of the Ganges in south, central hill region, rugged Himalayas in north gently rolling savanna in north; central hills; southern plateau; low coastal plain with extensive lagoons and marshes
Total fertility rate 4.19 children born/woman (2005 est.) 5.14 children born/woman (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate 47% (2001 est.) NA%
Waterways - 50 km (Mono river)
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